Abstract: A flame guniting lance comprises a water-cooled casing made up of pipes (1 and 2). Arranged concentrically inside the casing are pipes (4) for supplying a mixture of powdered refractory material and fuel, and pipes (3) for supplying oxygen. Each pipe (3 and 4) is respectively fitted with a nozzle (5) for supplying the mixture of refractory material and fuel, and a nozzle (6) for supplying oxygen, the nozzles being arranged in pairs and coaxially in each pair. The outlet cross-section of each nozzle (5) is positioned below the outlet cross-section of each nozzle (6) within a distance of 1 to 5 times the inside diameter of the nozzle (5). The walls of at least one of each pair of the nozzles (5 or 6) are partly or completely other than cylindrical in shape.

Abstract: A fuel gas burner produces a short fan-shaped flame and has primary utility in oil-to-gas furnace conversions. The burner includes swirl generating blades disposed in an annulus between a burner barrel carrying the bulk of the combustion gas and a mixing tube carrying approximately a 1.1 air/gas mixture. The blades induce a violent, turbulent action to the combustion gas to encourage formation of the short flame. The flame is preferably formed with a fan shape.

Abstract: A swirl burner and partial oxidation process for producing synthesis gas, fuel gas or reducing gas from slurries of solid carbonaceous fuel and/or liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon fuel. The swirl burner may have pre-mix and/or high turndown features. By means of the burner a first reactant stream is split into a plurality of swirling streams by being passed down through a central bundle of helical tubes. Simultaneously a second reactant stream is split into a plurality of swirling streams by being passed down through a plurality of related passages formed in the cylindrical space that surrounds said central bundle of helical tubes and/or the interstices between the helical tubes. When the two swirling reactant feed streams impinge, either upstream from the face of the burner in a pre-mix zone or downstream from the face of the burner, in the gas generator, they are intimately mixed together. The combustion efficiency of the burner is thereby improved.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine fuel injector has distinct and separate flow paths for liquid and gaseous fuel which each terminate in outlets of decreasing cross-sectional area in order to prevent combustion products from the flame tube or tubes of the engine from flowing back into the injector, the separate fuel flow paths preventing fuel from migrating from one path to the other. Compressor delivery air is also arranged to flow through the fuel outlets and some mixing of fuel and air takes in the outlets before the fuel enters the flame tube.The fuel injector is formed in two separate and co-operating parts, a fuel feed arm attached to the engine casing and readily removable through a relatively small access aperture in the casing and a fuel and air inlet means which is attached to the head of the flame tube and defines the fuel and air inlets into the flame tube.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a coal-water slurry atomizer for use a high-pressure dryer employed in a pumping system utilized to feed coal into a pressurized coal gasifier. The slurry atomizer is provided with a venturi, constant area slurry injection conduit, and a plurality of tangentially disposed steam injection ports. Superheated steam is injected into the atomizer through these ports to provide a vortical flow of the steam, which, in turn, shears slurry emerging from the slurry injection conduit. The droplets of slurry are rapidly dispersed in the dryer through the venturi where the water is vaporized from the slurry by the steam prior to deleterious heating of the coal.

Abstract: Liquid is sprayed from a nozzle by subjecting it to a vortex air flow which breaks it into particles of about five to twenty microns, and, while the liquid particles are entrained in the liquid flow they pass by a needle shaped charging electrode extending into the flow transversely of the vortex flow axis. This imposes a high electrostatic charge on the particles to improve their spray characteristics.

Abstract: An oil burner comprises an oil conveying device, an air blower and a burner head, the burner head including a substantially cylindrical burner tube having an outlet orifice at one end, the burner tube tapering towards the orifice, a burner nozzle situated in the burner tube and having a plurality of supporting arms, and a baffle plate attached to and supported by the supporting arms of the burner nozzle. The burner nozzle is tapered towards an end of the outlet orifice of the burner tube to form a frustoconical end zone at the front end thereof. The baffle plate is of a cup shape and is arranged in the burner tube in front of the burner nozzle with the interior thereof pointing to the outlet orifice of the burner tube.

Abstract: An oil mist generator of the vortex type comprises an oil storage chamber, a vortex chamber adapted to create a rotating flow of gas, and a duct having an inlet being in communication with the oil storage chamber and an outlet delivering the oil into the rotating flow of gas. The vortex chamber is provided with tangentially arranged inlet openings delivering a pressurized gas thereinto and an axial outlet opening, the ratio of the total area of the tangentially arranged inlet openings to the area of the axial outlet opening not exceeding 0.7, thus providing a suction area within the vortex chamber. The duct outlet is disposed within the vortex chamber suction area.

Abstract: A spray coating tool used for coating the inner surface of a tube. The tool sprays a desired paint through a nozzle while the tool is being shifted inside the tube to be coated along the axis of the same tube. In the nozzle a nozzle insert having a prism portion, on the external surface of which at least one spiral groove is formed, is inscribed to the inner surface of a hollow cylindrical space of a nozzle cap of the above-mentioned nozzle. A plurality of straightly elongated grooves, formed between the inner surface of the nozzle cap and the sides of the prism portion of the nozzle insert, and the spiral groove function to impart atomizing gas a straightly going force and a spirally going force, so as to spirally spray the paint supplied through a paint supply passage extending along the axis of the nozzle insert.

Abstract: An atomizer has a channel through which material to be atomized, preferably comprising a transport gas and a powder, liquid or granular material, flows in a first direction. At or slightly downstream from the downstream end of the channel, preferably an atomizer gas is injected into the stream to be atomized, the injection occurring at an angle to the first direction. Preferably the atomizer gas is injected to impart a rotary motion to the stream. At the downstream end of the channel is a funnel-shaped outlet whose surface is so shaped that the stream can adhere to the interior surface of the outlet under the Coanda effect, producing an atomized cloud of transversely uniform density. A gas jacket may be used to control the shape of the cloud. The flow of both the atomizer gas and the gas forming the gas jacket is preferably adjustable in speed and direction.

Abstract: A fuel burner for burning liquid and gas fuels having a short combustion volume stabilized by internal circulation of the hot combustion gases and air. A turbo blower supplies a portion of the combustion air to the combustion volume via a swirl plate which produces a rotational motion of the air and fuel. The rotational motion results in a region of less-than-atmospheric pressure in the center portion of the combustion volume which causes recirculation of gases back toward the burner and a stabilization zone near the burner nozzle. Aspiration of external air into the combustion volume is controlled by a short stabilization cone and the resulting combustion volume is small, eliminating the necessity for refractory lined ignition ports and combustion chambers.

Abstract: An annulus formed in the nut of a fuel nozzle to collect, distribute and atomize water droplets fed into the fuel nozzle for increased thrust produced by a turbine type power plant powering aircraft is discretely formed adjacent the discharge juncture point and discharged angularly into and with respect to the fuel spray emitted into the combustion zone for smoke reduction purposes.

Abstract: Combustion apparatus for reducing objectionable exhaust emissions from gas turbine engines comprises a hollow conical member with an air inlet and fuel injector at its narrower end, the wider end being open into a combustion chamber, the wall of the conical member having a number of orifices for the throughflow of air, the orifices being directed tangentially into the interior of the conical member to impart a swirl to the mixture of fuel and air from the air inlet and fuel injector within the conical member.

Abstract: Intimate contacting of plural, physically disparate phases is achieved by establishing a current of axially extending, axially symmetrical helical flow of a first phase; separately establishing a current of coaxially extending, rectilinear flow of a physically disparate second phase, the currents of said first and said second phases being maintained physically separated from each other; circulating and directing said currents which comprise the plural phases to a zone of restricted flow passage with respect to said helical flow, whereby said plural currents converge and are intimately, homogeneously admixed and whereas such zone of convergence the momentum of the first phase helical flow is at least 100 times greater than the momentum of the second phase, coaxial rectilinear flow; and thence abruptly changing the velocity field of at least one of said plural phases, while at the same time maintaining the general direction of flow of said admixed plural phases, and whereby phase separation of the product of ad

Abstract: In a beverage dispenser of the type having a diluent mixed with a syrup to produce the beverage to be dispensed, provision is made for utilizing a relatively high flow rate. To achieve the relatively high flow rate, a depressurizing system utilizing a vortex chamber is located at the output end of the valve arrangement. The flow path of the diluent through the valve arrangement before the depressurizing system is designed to minimize pressure drops. Diluent leaving the depressurizing system has its velocity decreased by a diffusing structure before being passed for mixing with the syrup. The diffusing system also decreases the swirl imparted to the diluent in the depressurizing system.

Abstract: Intimate contacting of plural, physically disparate phases is achieved by establishing a current of axially extending, axially symmetrical helical flow of a first phase; separately establishing a current of coaxially extending, rectilinear flow of a physically disparate second phase, the currents of said first and said second phases being maintained physically separated from each other; circulating and directing said currents which comprise the plural phases to a zone of restricted flow passage with respect to said helical flow, whereby said plural currents converge and are intimately, homogeneously admixed and whereat such zone of convergence the momentum of the first phase helical flow is at least 100 times greater than the momentum of the second phase, coaxial rectilinear flow such as to effect atomization via transfer of momentum, and ultimately effecting phase separation of the product of admixture.

Abstract: A nozzle is provided for a gas turbine combustion system in which the atomizing air metering nozzle is provided with an aerodynamically rotating orifice which turns air flow radially inward toward the source of oil or other liquid fuel prior to initiating a swirling vortex to eliminate centrifuging action of the air stream within the nozzle. Metering on the atomizing air vortex generating vanes are located at the exit of the vanes near the outer face of the fuel nozzle to eliminate entrapment of airborne particles. Vortex generator vanes are provided in the air stream path; these vanes lie on the surface of a cone which converges toward the nozzle exit. The vanes are at an angle to lines which would lie in a plane through the axis of the aforementioned cone along the surface of the cone, thereby to form a swirling air vortex at the nozzle exit.

Abstract: A burner system for gaseous or liquid fuels adapted for insertion through a circular tile opening in a furnace wall, comprising a burner tube for alternate supply of gaseous or liquid fuel. The burner tube is coaxial with, and inserted into said circular opening. A first stationary annular vane assembly comprises a plurality of symmetrically-placed tangentially-directed vanes enclosing a cylindrical open chamber coaxial with and upstream of said burner means. A second movable assembly of radial vanes is adapted to slide axially about the burner tube and to be moved from a first position where it is entirely outside of the chamber space, inwardly to a second position, where it is entirely inserted into the chamber space, and inside of the first annular vane assembly. Means are provided for flowing combustion air at selected pressure through the tangential vanes and into the chamber space.

Abstract: A burner adapted for use with alternative fluid fuels is provided. The burner includes a cartridge that comprises a nozzle with passage means therein. The nozzle passage means include an entrance adapted to receive a liquid fuel and a plurality of exit ports to discharge the liquid fuel in the direction of the combustion zone. An annular channel is formed around the nozzle and is adapted to supply a gaseous fuel or an atomizing agent for the liquid fuel to slot means, which tangentially communicate with each exit port so that the respective fluids passing through the exit ports and slot means intimately mix and are directed to the combustion zone. Fin means associated with the cartridge impart a swirling pattern to combustion air admitted into the furnace cavity.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel burner for enhanced flame adherence to a tile surface in a furnace, comprising a gas burner tube having a nozzle at its end, including a plurality of radial orifices circumferentially spaced in a transverse plane. A cylindrical combustion air plenum is coaxial with said burner tube, and means are provided to supply combustion air to said plenum at a selected super-atmospheric pressure P1. There is a circular concentric opening in the wall of the plenum and a short length of air tube welded to the opening, which is inserted into an opening in the furnace tile. A plurality of curved vanes are provided, and means to lead air from the pressurized plenum through the vanes to provide a rapidly spinning air flow which moves helically along the air tube into the tile and into the furnace. The central opening of the tile is flared in an arcuate manner. There is sufficient pressure drop between the air plenum at P1 and inside of the air tube P2, after passage through the vanes, of the order of 0.8 W.C.

Abstract: An airblast atomizer with air swirl vanes has an outlet configured to produce a fuel/air mixture pattern from the fuel nozzle to match an annular combustion chamber formed between an annular inner combustor wall and an annular combustor wall having inlet ends thereof connected to an annular dome for supporting each of a plurality of the fuel nozzles; each of the nozzles including a pair of spaced, large radius slots in a cylindrical outlet wall of the nozzle operative to produce a vortex pattern that will spread the mixed fuel/air pattern from the nozzle to define the major axis of an elliptically formed fuel/air pattern from the nozzle and wherein the remainder of the airblast atomizer nozzle has a reduced radius to conform the fuel/air mixture to the diameter of an outlet swirl chamber from the nozzle to produce the minor axis of an elliptically configured fuel/air spray pattern and wherein the major axis is formed as a chordal line of the combustion chamber to conform the fuel/air mixture pattern from each

Abstract: A burner for liquid fuel of a type to burn a mixture of liquid fuel and auxiliary combustion gas individually fed into a combustion chamber, which comprises a liquid fuel supply conduit within said burner, said conduit having a truncated conical tip with a spraying nozzle on the trapezoidal plane, an assembly for forming auxiliary combustion gas supplying passages disposed around said conduit and a combustion chamber formed by a jacket and said assembly for burning mixture of fuel and gas individually supplied therein, particularly said gas passing through branched paths and branched parts of auxiliary combustion gas is belched near the liquid fuel spraying nozzle.

Abstract: An air blast fuel supply system for a gas turbine engine comprises a floating swirler separated from the fuel injector and means for radially supporting both the swirler and fuel injector for free radial movement with respect to a combustor dome; a fuel atomization lip on the floating swirler is located in spaced overlying relationship to a tangential fuel director to form an annular fuel film at the outlet of the fuel injector and an outer annular air flow directing lip on the floating swirler directs inlet air flow against the fuel film as it leaves the atomization lip. The fuel injector includes a nozzle tube that slips to permit free axial movement of said fuel injector with resepct to the dome and wherein the tangential fuel director maintains the annular fuel film throughout axially shifted positions of said nozzle tube. This allows the fuel nozzle to be inserted through a small opening in the engine case while maintaining the integrated relationship with the swirler attached to the combustor.

Abstract: A combustor system for use with a turbocharged combustion engine comprises a combustor connected for continuous passage of engine exhaust gases. The combustor includes an integrated fuel control and purge system for supplying fuel to the combustor in response to engine operating conditions, and for purging fuel from the system when the combustor is shut down.

Abstract: A heavy oil supply pipe, a protective pipe, an air supply pipe for burning heavy oil, a coal-air supply pipe, a coolant supply pipe and a protective caster are arranged concentrically in the order mentioned. A coal whirler and an air whirler are provided to inpart whirling motions to coal flame and heavy oil flame for thoroughly admixing them.

Abstract: A flat flame burner assembly comprises a refractory block having a flaring port and a hollow body, mounted thereon, provided with an inlet for the admission of combustion air and with an air diffuser presenting passages directed so as to cause the combustion air to swirl in the combustion zone of the flaring port; a burner mechanism comprising a lance for feeding the fuel terminating with a burner head extending in the combustion zone, a first pipe for a fluid atomizing agent coaxial to said lance, a second pipe, coaxial to the first pipe, for feeding air for the protection of the burner head from the heat, in communication with a sheath which surrounds the burner head. The burner head consists of a first chamber in which the fuel is admitted by means of a distributor, and of a second chamber, or mixing chamber, in which the fuel is atomized by the atomizing agent, and then sprayed into the combustion zone through a nozzle.

Abstract: A burner for liquid fuels such as light, medium and heavy oil, in which a fuel supply pipe is concentrically located in an air supply pipe and partially enclosed by a sleeve carrying air. A spray diffuser and a twist-producing member encloses the fuel supply pipe upstream of the spray diffuser. The twist-producing member has a fixed blower wheel and receives combustion air from the periphery thereof. The combustion air quantity is regulatable upstream of the burner head as a function of the prevailing fuel flow. A space located between the twist-producing member and the air supply pipe, holds two additional air supply pipes. One of these additional air supply pipes, an innermost pipe, has an end cone directed towards the outside. Coaxially downstream from the twist-producing member enclosing the fuel supply pipe, there are two additional twist-producing members with opposite twist direction enclosing each other.

Abstract: A low pressure fuel tube delivers fuel to a fuel injector disposed in the central position of the carburetor dome where it is conducted along a plurality of radially extending passages to the periphery of the injector. A high pressure air supply is provided directly to the peripheral fuel flow, in a substantially radial direction, by a disc surrounding the nozzle and having a plurality of radially extending passageways formed therein. A portion of the fuel is blasted directly onto a surrounding venturi surface where it is swirled in a given direction and then exits the downstream end of the venturi where it interacts with a counterrotating pattern of air from the secondary swirler flow to be atomized into a mist. Another portion of the air-blasted fuel from the venturi flows in the axial direction to also enter the combustor as a finely atomized fuel/air mixture.

Abstract: A forced draft burner unit comprises: a flame chamber, a conduit for conducting fuel to the flame chamber, a blast tube for conducting air from an air opening adjacent a first end of the blast tube to a second end of the blast tube adjacent the flame chamber; and a fan for supplying pressurized air to the air opening so the pressurized air enters the air opening generally tangential to the blast tube and passes along the blast tube to the second end in vortical flow; and vanes for mixing the fuel and air in the flame chamber.

Abstract: A staged air burner having a swirl chamber for providing a swirl flow path for primary combustion air, a tangential duct system for providing a tangential flow path for primary combustion air flowing toward the swirl flow path, and a converging passage structure for providing a converging flow path for secondary air which flows along the converging flow path inwardly toward an axis of the swirl chamber downstream of the latter. At least two fuel supply systems are respectively situated at two of the above flow paths for supplying combustible fuel thereto so that it is possible to fire fuel simultaneously at least at two of the flow paths.

Abstract: A fuel injector for a gas turbine engine consists of a hollow body adapted to be supplied with compressed air and having a number of fuel orifices in the internal surface of the body. An annular member is located inside the body adjacent to the orifices so as to define an annular gap between it and the internal surface of the hollow body. The gap receives fuel from the orifices and has a radial width of 0.015 to 0.020 inches.

Abstract: A nozzle for atomizing fuel for combustion in a gas turbine engine. During normal operation of the engine, the nozzle uses a portion of the air supplied to the combustion chamber by the engine compressor to atomize fuel flowing through the nozzle. During start-up and low power operation of the engine when flow of engine air through the nozzle would otherwise be of insufficient velocity to cause good atomization of the fuel, additional air from a separate external source is introduced at high velocity into the nozzle in the manner of an ejector. The additional air imparts high velocity to the engine air within the nozzle so that the air from both sources acts on the fuel at the nozzle discharge orifice at high velocity to effect good atomization and spray pattern of the fuel. The nozzle is designed in such a manner as to cause no significant restriction of engine air flow through the nozzle under high power operation of the engine when the external air source is shut off.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly in which the nozzle closes the end of angularly disposed air ducts, the nozzle having a central axial air passageway and a plurality of radially directed air passageways, the radially directed air passageways converging in arcuate paths toward the axis of the central passageway. Elements defining the central passageway are movable toward and away from each other to provide for a variable annular opening through which liquid, such as a pesticide, is introduced into the axial passageway and discharged with the air as a fog. In one embodiment of the invention, a motor controls the positioning of one element defining the central air passageway.

Abstract: Combustion apparatus for a gas turbine engine for directing combustion air to enter the combustor adjacent the fuel oil nozzle in a vigorous swirling pattern to thoroughly mix with the atomized fuel to eliminate fuel rich, smoke producing pockets from the combustion zone. The apparatus includes air inlet ports directing one portion of the combustion air in an axially directed swirling motion, another portion of the air in a tangentially directed swirling motion with other portions of the air directed to cool and clean the nozzle and cool the wall of the combustor.

Abstract: In a nozzle for atomizing fuel into a spray for combustion in gas turbine engines, wherein the atomization is effected by the use of high velocity and/or high density air, and wherein the supply of fuel to two separately metered points is such that at low flow rates the first fuel supply is spread into a thin sheet for atomization but at high flow rates the second fuel supply is spread into a thicker sheet which combines with the thin sheet produced from the first supply, thus resulting in a single spray of constant shape at all operating conditions.

Abstract: A burner nozzle for feeding the combustion zone of a vapor generator with a mixture of pulverized fossil fuel and air in a controlled, turbulent flow. The fuel pipe for the burner nozzle has a relatively small diameter so that a relatively small amount of primary air is sufficient to carry the fuel to the burner nozzle. An atomizer is fitted to the outlet of the fuel pipe for introducing atomizing air in a generally tangential direction relative to the axial flow of the fuel. The air creates turbulence to swirl the fuel and distribute it in a controlled manner to provide for even burning of the fuel in the combustion zone. A pipe of smaller diameter may be concentrically positioned within the fuel pipe so that alternative fuels, such as gas and oil, may also be efficiently used with the burner nozzle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for mixing fluids which pass through a plurality of fluid passageways arranged as a repeating pattern of clusters which form a geometric array are disclosed. The axes of the passageways are offset from the overall flow axis which is essentially perpendicular to the end plane of the array and each passageway is arranged in a predetermined position. The fluid flows through the passageways with a velocity having two components including a mean flow component which is parallel to the flow axis and a nonaxial component which is perpendicular to the flow axis. Although each nonaxial component for those passageways forming any given cluster acts in a direction different from the others, they interact and cooperate with each other to induce the fluid to swirl in a generally orbital fashion around the flow axis while simultaneously advancing along the flow axis downstream of the array.

Abstract: A flame retention apparatus for flare stacks for waste combustible gases is provided which includes fixed mounted guide vanes mounted at the top of the tubular stack and preferably spaced around the interior of the stack, the guide vanes having inclined or tilted terminal ends to impart a swirling or vortex action to a substantial portion of the waste gas exiting from the stack, and preferably with one or more teeth to impart added turbulence to the swirling portion of the waste gas.

Abstract: An air blast fuel nozzle for a gas turbine engine includes a take apart head assembly having a large diameter air swirler for fuel flow from a pilot fuel distributor tube that is telescoped centrally within a take apart main fuel distributor and pilot nozzle element having means therein to form a thermal barrier air gap around the pilot fuel distributor tube and wherein the assembly further includes a main fuel distributor head having open ended axial fuel passages therethrough for supplying fuel to a main fuel distributing ring on the outboard end of the assembly immediately upstream of the air swirler.

Abstract: An impeller comprising a pair of axially adjacent plate members. Each of the plate members is formed with a hub and a plurality of laterally spaced segments extending outwardly from the hub. The plate members are coaxially mounted on a burner nozzle guide tube, with the plate member nearest the nozzle outlet being fixed to the guide tube and the other plate member being rotatable about its central axis to regulate the free flow area between segments.

Abstract: In a fluent fuel burner using a flame anchor plate, secondary air from a plenum leaves the plenum through a restricted passage so that the secondary air is at high velocity and correspondingly low pressure and this low pressure is used to suck the flame to the rim of the anchor plate. Two dual fuel burners are described in which a gaseous fuel introduction means has an enlarged end portion which extends from within the air plenum into a combustion space, the said portion having slots in it to allow primary air to enter the said portion to serve as primary air for combustion, and which has associated with it a flame anchor plate. The plenum has a wall on the combustion side with a hole in it. In one embodiment, the anchor plate overlies the rim of the hole so that a narrow annular passage defined between the plate and the wall directs the secondary air in a radial blast.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle for use with gas turbines includes a centrally disposed orifice for discharging fuel into a combustion chamber. A first annular passage surrounds the fuel orifice and discharges primary air adjacent the exit of the fuel orifice for effecting atomization of the fuel and mixture of the air with the fuel to provide a fuel/air spray having a predetermined spray angle. A second annular passage for supplying secondary air is provided surrounding the first passage. This second passage is formed to supply air in a manner which creates a relatively low pressure substantially at the base of the fuel/air spray. When operating at the low fuel flow rates corresponding to low loads, air is supplied only through the first air passage and a relatively narrow spray angle, with a substantial concentration of fuel, is achieved.

Abstract: A fuel burner diffuser comprises a frustoconical support fitted at its smaller diameter end to a fuel burner nozzle from which fuel is emitted in a conical stream. A plurality of series of gas jets are carried by and spiral about the support for introducing combustion-supporting gas into the fuel stream. The jets are mounted on the support in such manner that gas passing through the jets is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fuel stream so as to facilitate penetration of the fuel stream by the gas. Those jets which are substantially diametrically opposed to one another are circumferentially offset so as to avoid diametrical confrontation for the purpose of promoting better mixing of the fuel and gas. The cross sectional areas of the jets increase in a direction away from the fuel burner to enable a greater quantity of gas to be supplied to the fuel as the cross sectional area of the fuel stream increases.

Abstract: An airspray burner is supplied with fuel tangentially through a port and the upstream end of the burner is provided with a helical wall to prevent the fuel from passing back out of the fuel delivery port.

Abstract: A fuel admission assembly for a tangentially fired furnace that utilizes oil, gas, or other utility grade fuels. The assembly disclosed has the ability to achieve a positive control of the air flow through a specially designed swirler. Because of this unique feature of its design, this assembly will permit efficient tangential boiler operation at 5% excess air or less over a fuel turndown ratio of at least 3 to 1 on each assembly. At the same time, it will not produce unacceptable levels of noxious emissions such as oxides of nitrogen, carbonaceous soot or sulfur smuts over its full operating range. Finally, it requires no additional fan head (windbox pressure drop).

Abstract: An improved flame retention head assembly for use in the air tube of a fuel burner having a fuel nozzle in the tube. The assembly includes a tubular member having in sequence a conical, cylindrical, and flared section with air-fuel mixing means in the conical section, and air passage means in the cylindrical and flared sections. The size of the air passage means in the cylindrical section can be adjusted. This device with its air level combinations, allows an excess of combustion air of 5 to 15% only, thus resetting in flame temperatures of more than 3,000.degree. F.

Abstract: A burner for use in a vapor generator having an outlet feeding the combustion zone of the generator with a mixture of fuel and air in a controlled turbulent flow. The housing for the burner has a relatively small diameter so that a relatively small amount of primary air is sufficient to carry the fuel to the burner nozzle. At least one atomizer is fitted in an opening of the burner housing for introducing atomizing air in a generally tangential direction relative to the axial flow of the fuel. The air creates turbulence so as to swirl the fuel and distribute same in a controlled manner to provide for even burning of the fuel in the combustion zone.

Abstract: A process for the production of a gaseous mixture containing substantial amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which comprises: (1) blending an oxidizing gas and a primary fuel within a combustion chamber having a combustion zone, which is substantially free of baffles, to produce a compressible gas or gas-like mixture; (2) causing the mixture to assume a highly turbulent compact and self-contained configuration by subjecting it to swirl, the swirling mixture having a swirl number greater than 0.5 and no greater than 1.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the combustion of high viscosity low grade liquid fuel (e.g., residual oil), in which the fuel is directed through an ejector into an impact chamber in which it impinges upon a baffle with the rebounding fuel particles being further pulverized by jets of air introduced into this chamber with an inclination to the axis of the burner. The resulting fuel-air mixture passes around the impingement baffle with a laminar flow of air passing axially along the wall of this chamber and preventing precipitation of fuel droplets thereon. Upon emergence from the chamber the fuel-air mixture encounters a flow of air passing along the exterior of the impact chamber and intercepted by a plurality of inwardly extending steps which furtherpromote pulverization and mixing.

Abstract: A recirculating vortex burner wherein liquid fuel is vaporized in suspension by recirculating hot products of combustion and is thoroughly mixed with air in order that substantially carbon-free combustion occurs. The burner employs a combustion chamber into which air is supplied at one end by a plurality of fixed orifices that provide air jets for producing a spiraled swirling flow pattern in the chamber. Such flow pattern establishes a stable vortex with a relatively low pressure region in the chamber central portion and results in substantial recirculation of the products of combustion. The air jets intersect fuel sprayed into the chamber and entrain such fuel together with the recirculating products of combustion so that air, fuel and products of combustion are thoroughly mixed and the fuel is substantially gasified prior to combustion.