Abstract: An apparatus for mixing and spraying a catalyst with a resin onto a surface. The resin and catalyst are delivered to a mixer having no O-rings which could become clogged with catalyzed resin and destroy the gun. The manifold is connected to a mixer which is connected to an air supply. The spray gun eliminates the need for any check valves within the manifold.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing and spraying a catalyst with a resin onto a surface. The apparatus is provided with a restricted orifice union on the resin line running into the manifold. The union traps large plugs of resin and prevents them from entering and clogging the manifold. The union is designed so that plugs of resin may be easily removed from the resin line with only a minimum of down time.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing and spraying a catalyst with a resin onto a surface. The resin and catalyst are internally mixed in confluence with pressurized air. The sprayer is provided with a specially designed check valve to prevent resin and catalyst from entering the pressurized supply line. The construction of the check valve prevents it from clogging or becoming stuck shut during operation.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for injecting a fuel-gas mixture into a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine with externally supplied ignition comprising a mixing conduit secured to one end of the fuel injection valve. The mixing conduit includes at least one cross-sectional constriction and an adjoining widening of the cross-section, through which the fuel-gas mixture flows at increased speed which tears off the fuel film from the wall of the mixing conduit and atomizes it into fine fuel droplets. In this way, the quality of fuel atomization can be substantially improved.

Abstract: Fluid dispensing systems include a novel fluid dispensing system with air motor driven pumps which provide a substantially, constant preselected dispensation of fluids without deleterious transient variations in the fluid output as the dispensing system is operated on and off, a novel valve particularly adapted for use in multi-component dispensing systems to provide selective controlled flow of fluid component materials or of a cleansing solvent in the system, and a novel dispenser for multi-component dispensing systems incorporating the novel valve and, in some embodiments, the novel valve combined with a preferred spraying means.

Abstract: Techniques and associated systems are provided for removing oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO.sub.2, hereinafter called NO.sub.x) from combustion effluent gases. Such a system includes a nozzle and means for introducing a carrier gas and an injection chemical into the nozzle to be mixed together. The mixture is ejected from the nozzle into a flue gas duct to provide a high degree of cross-sectional coverage and intimate mixing between the injection chemical and the NO.sub.x -containing combustion effluent gas.

Abstract: An improved multi-component mixing and dispensing apparatus having a replaceable nozzle associated therewith in which plural components are mixed before dispensing thereof. The apparatus includes improved component feed systems to maintain each component to be mixed and dispensed in a segregated condition until mixing is desired, such that the apparatus is especially suitable for the mixing and dispensing of chemically reactive components. The component feed systems include internal passages within the apparatus and is selectively actuated valve which is operable to allow flow of a component to an outlet port formed in the apparatus. A mixing and dispensing nozzle may be coupled into the apparatus so as to communicate with the outlet ports of the component feed systems, wherein improved mixing of the plural components is achieved within the nozzle assembly.

Abstract: A multiple component spray gun for spraying plural components is useful in applications involving polyurethane foams, elastomeric coatings, paints, thermosetting resin formulations, and the like. The ejected components are atomized under high or low pressure via a novel multiple mixing action. The gun design allows for an exchange of the mixing chamber components without the need to dismantle the gun body. The concept of the spray gun involves a gun body and a nozzle, a rotatable ball passage valve including a ball with internal porting in a general Y-configuration with two opposing inlet passages and a cylindrical outlet bore with the ball positioned in a totally enclosed resilient resinous packing material. The preferred packing material is formed from polytetrafluoroethylene commonly referred to under the trademark Teflon. The A and B components are communicated across the passages of the Y-configuration prior to the novel multiple mixing action and material back flow is virtually eliminated.

Abstract: Novel cluster nozzle designs useful for the formation of atomized sprays of fine liquid droplets in a continuous gas phase are described. A plurality of individual gas-liquid mixing zones communicate with a common source of liquid and a common source of gas to form gas-liquid mixtures for spraying from individual orifices in the nozzle. An improved uniformity of spray pattern is attained, as well as the ability to effect a greater liquid output from the nozzle through the use of larger size or numbers of orifices, while retaining very uniform sprays, by effecting a degree of premixing of liquid and gas before passage to the individual gas-liquid mixing zones.

Abstract: Atomizer for viscous fuels formed by a first and a second mixing chamber arranged along a common longitudinal axis, the second chamber being formed by a cylindrical portion and two consecutive frustoconical portions on the conical walls of which two rows of orifices are placed for the inlet for the atomized fuel into the combustion chamber. The orifices are arranged according to two circumferences and have axes orthogonal to the conical walls on which they are placed, axes which meet inside the second mixing chamber at a point on the longitudinal axis. The orifices are equally angularly spaced and radially aligned. The angle between the axes of two orifices symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the outer row is comprised between 80.degree. and 120.degree., while the difference between this angle and the corresponding angle formed by the axes of the two symmetrical orifices of the inner row is not less than 20.degree..

Abstract: A marking system for indicating the boundaries of an area that has been treated includes a storage tank for storing the liquid and the foaming agent that is fluidically separated from a foam tube. A mixing control element fluidically connects a compressor to the foam tube and connects the storage tank to the foam tube whereby the ratios and parameters associated with the formation of the marking foam can be varied. The system includes two marking foam dispensing nozzels.

Abstract: An atomizer for discharging a jet of one fluid in another fluid, comprises a nozzle head having at least one nozzle hole therein for discharging the jet. The nozzle hole has an inwardly tapering inlet end and an outwardly tapering outlet end for reducing recirculation and wetting at the exit of the hole. The outlet end tapers at an angle of no greater than 14.degree. and the inlet end is advantageously curved at a radius which is from 2 to 10 times the diameter of the inlet end. The diameter inlet end should also be from 1 to 5 times the length of the hole.

Abstract: A foam mixer-applicator for mixing a two-part foamable composition includes a mixing head having a mixing chamber for impingement mixing of the two component parts of the foamable composition, which are supplied to the mixing chamber in a pre-pressurized state. The mixing head is sealingly connected to a dispensing head having a foaming chamber of a substantially greater capacity than the mixing chamber and an outlet port for discharging the foam composition after foaming and acquiring a higher, yet flowable viscosity. A pneumatic plunger system pushes the foamed composition through an outlet port of the dispensing housing onto a substrate.

Abstract: The invention includes an apparatus for protecting plants from frost. A jet urbine engine has an input into which a first liquid and a second liquid are injected into the exhaust stream of the engine. The jet engine also has an exhaust nozzle supplying an aerosol of the first liquid microencapsulated in the second liquid. The aerosol is dispersed about the plants to be protected from frost thereby to form a mist which acts as a protective radiation barrier for the plants. The invention also includes a method for protecting plants from frost.

Abstract: A marking system for indicating the boundaries of an area that has been treated includes a storage tank for storing the liquid and the foaming agent that is fluidically separated from a foam tube. A mixing control element fluidically connects a compressor to the foam tube and connects the storage tank to the foam tube whereby the ratios and parameters associated with the formation of the marking foam can be varied. The system includes two marking foam dispensing nozzles.

Abstract: The liquid feed injector as hereindescribed uses sequential stages of increased severity mixing to fully atomize a liquid portion of a combined liquid and gaseous stream. Sequential mixing consists of a first mild mixing that takes place in a mild mixing zone and blends the liquid and gaseous material into a substantial uniform mixture. The uniform mixture of liquid and gaseous material passes through another stage of vigorous mixing where the liquid is sheared and gas is dispersed throughout the liquid by dividing the mixture into a plurality of small streams and directing the projection of the streams into impingement with an impact medium to produce a homogeneous mixture of fine gas bubbles dispersed in the liquid. The homogeneous liquid and gas mixtures are then discharged through one or more discharge nozzles to effect atomization and distribution of the liquid in a suspension of fluidized solids.

Abstract: An air-assisted, airless atomization, plural component spraying system and method includes a first source of a first component, e.g., a resin; a second source of a second component, e.g., catalyst for the resin; spraying means to mix the resin and catalyst and direct the mixture to a substrate and a source of compressed air. The spraying means includes a nozzle assembly which comprises a liquid nozzle for forming liquid into a fan-like film with expanding edges extending from a liquid orifice, and a nozzle assembly for directing a flow of compressed air and catalyst at the fan-like film closely adjacent the liquid orifice. In an internal mix system, compressed air is directed to impinge upon the expanding edges of the fan-like stream of mixed resin and catalyst downstream of the impingement of a flow of compressed air on the fan-like stream to capture particles in small, uniform spray pattern.

Abstract: An improved burner having a very particularly designed gas element for the combustion of coal, oil or gas places a plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements in close proximity to the outlet end of a tubular burner nozzle of the burner which are shielded from combustion air provided around the tubular burner nozzle by a flame stabilizing ring having a plurality of openings adapted to closely receive each of the plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements. Eddies produced by the flame stabilizing ring create a low oxygen/fuel rich flame resulting in reduced NO.sub.x formation.

Abstract: The atomizer nozzle exhibits an internal chamber (1) and an external chamber (2) which surrounds the latter in the form of a jacket, which chambers are provided with several outlet openings (9, 10 and 11, 12) which are in alignment in each case. A proportion of the atomizer air supplied via an air duct (5) flows into the internal chamber (1) and is essentially used there for uniformly distributing a liquid fuel, which is also flowing into the internal chamber (1) from a fuel duct (3), to its outlet openings (9, 10). The remaining greater proportion of the atomizer air flows around the internal chamber (1) through the external chamber (2) and is concentrically mixed in with the coarsely atomized fuel emerging from the outlet openings (9, 10) of the internal chamber (1). This prevents liquid fuel fragments from coming into contact with the walls of the outlet openings (11, 12) of the external chamber (2), and a high atomization quality is achieved.

Abstract: An external mix, air-assisted, airless atomization, plural component spraying system and method includes a first source of a first component, e.g., a resin; a second source of a second component, e.g., catalyst for the resin; spraying means to mix the resin and catalyst and direct the mixture to a substrate; a source of compressed air; and means for injecting the catalyst into the compressed air. The spraying means includes a nozzle assembly which comprises a liquid nozzle for forming the resin into a fan-like film with expanding edges extending from a liquid orifice, and a nozzle assembly for directing a flow of compressed air and catalyst at the fan-like film colsely adjacent the liquid orifice. In a preferred embodiment, compressed air is directed to impinge upon the expanding edges of the fan-like resin stream downstream of the impingement of the flow of compressed air and catalyst particles to capture from catalyst particles in small, uniform spray pattern.

Abstract: An atomizer comprises a cylindrical mixing chamber with open entry and discharge ends. An inner barrel for a slurry or fluidized dry powder is connected to the entry end for supplying the slurry or fluidized fine powder into the mixing chamber. One or more atomizing gas ports extend at an angle into the mixing chamber for supplying atomizing gas to be thoroughly mixed with the slurry or fluidized dry powder in the mixing chamber. The atomizing gas ports are spaced upstream from the discharge end by from one to five times the diameter of the mixing chamber, and downstream from the entry end. A larger diameter volume chamber communicates with the discharge end of the mixing chamber and has at least one nozzle which permits the homogenized mixture to exit therefrom. An impact surface is positioned opposite the discharge end. The at least one nozzle is positioned around the impact surface.

Abstract: A flame spray torch which comprises a torch body and a torch head exchangeably connected with each other. Injectors are inserted in recesses of the torch body partly projecting therefrom and extending into recesses of the torch head. Each injector communicates with a respective supply duct for combustion gas and oxidation gas, mixing chambers being provided respectively in each injector and in the torch head, the latter being provided with means to improve the gas mixing. The torque reduces the risk of back-firing and allows the attainment of optimum spraying conditions for a great variety of applications by permitting an easy exchange, particularly with respect to the injectors.

Abstract: An atomizer including a fuel supply passage for supplying a fuel, an atomizing medium supply passage for supplying an atomizing medium which is to be mixed with the fuel, a mixing chamber in communication with the fuel supply passage and the atomizing medium supply passage, and spray ports for spraying the fluid mixture consisting of the fuel and the atomizing medium from the mixing chamber. The fuel supply passage and the atomizing medium supply passages are communicated with the mixing chamber through a pre-mixing chamber having an annular cross-section defined by a large-diameter cylindrical surface and a small-diameter cylindrical surface. The fuel and the atomizing medium supplied from the fuel supply passage and the atomizing medium supply passage are pre-mixed the pre-mixing chamber. With this arrangement, it is possible to efficiently mix a slurry fuel and an atomizing medium, thus reducing the particle size of the atomized fuel particles and shortening the flame length.

Abstract: The improved atomizer comprises a first and a second mixer for a fuel delivered through a central inlet and for an atomizing fluid delivered through a peripheral inlet, the first mixer including a first mixing chamber whereto the fuel arrives from the central inlet and the atomizing fluid arrives from peripheral ducts, and the second mixer including a second mixing chamber for the fuel and the atomizing fluid that complete their mixing therein and a plurality of outlets for the delivery of the completely atomized fuel to a firebox, the relations among the length, diameter and cross-sectional area of certain parts of the atomizer being defined to impart an effective atomization to the fuel and supply a superior jet of atomized fuel to the firebox.

Abstract: A fuel supplied through a fuel feed bore of a burner plug and a spray medium supplied through spray medium feed holes thereof are mixed initially in primary mixing chambers in a burner plate and further mixed in a secondary mixing chamber in a burner tip and the fuel mixture thus obtained is sprayed through spray holes of the burner tip. Each of the primary mixing chambers is inclined at a predetermined angle relative to the axis of the burner plate so that the fuel mixture is caused to swirl in a secondary mixing chamber; or the burner plate and the burner tip are so interconnected to each other that the extension of the axis of each primary mixing chamber in the burner plate intersects substantially the midpoint between the adjacent spray holes of the burner tip and consequently the fuel mixture discharged from the primary mixing chambers impinges on the inner wall of the secondary mixing chamber in the burner tip, whereby the ability to atomize a slurry fuel is improved.

Abstract: An adjustable conical atomizer comprises a body part having an end or discharge face with a conical recess and a conical plug having a complementarily conically-formed surface which is adjustably positioned in the conical recess. The size of the cavity formed between the plug and the body is varied by changing the relative positions of the plug and the body, for example, by using an indexing bolt which connects the body part and the plug parts. The body or a connection to the body is provided with channels or passages for the passage of two or more fluid streams into the space between the plug and the body part for intimate mixing therein. The fluid stream includes a liquid which is accelerated in this zone between the body and the plug. The plug and the body form an annular discharge therebetween which diverges in an outward direction.

Abstract: This nozzle includes an outer case (1) and a core (2) which define in succession: a series of passageways (15) having a zone for the injection of fuel gas and comburent gas, a mixing zone of small section and a primary homogenization zone of larger section; an annular secondary homogenization zone (16) whose section is substantially equal to the total section of the preceding zone; a single acceleration passage (17) having a decreasing section; and a single outlet conduit (18) having a constant section. Application in oxyacetylene torches consuming a few cubic meters per hour acetylene.

Abstract: An atomizing nozzle for atomizing an oil stream with air is disclosed in which a plurality of oil streams are directed outwardly from an oil stream into a generally annularly shaped gas stream to form a mixture of oil and gas, a plurality of separate streams of said mixture of oil and gas are then directed inwardly for impingement with one another to form an atomizate, and the atomizate is directed outwardly in a plurality of separate streams from the nozzle.

Abstract: An expansion control mixing and dispensing nozzle adapted for attachment to an associated two-component liquid dispensing gun for mixing and dispensing liquid foamable products. The nozzle includes a mixing chamber, a mixing chamber outlet tube and an outlet tube cover arranged in co-axial relation. The outlet tube cover including an outlet slot or passage in its outer end portion; its inner end surrounds a part of the mixing chamber outlet tube so as to define an annular auxiliary chamber therebetween. The mixing chamber has spaced apart inlet ports for receiving individual liquid components and a baffle or the like to impart a swirling action to the components as they expand in the mixing chamber, a pre-discharge chamber lies between the outlet slot and the end of the outlet cover.

Abstract: A liquid fuel atomizer is described which creates liquid pulses and gas pulses which are directed and timed to impact each other. The forces created during impact atomize the liquid fuel into droplets. Large and repeated atomizing forces can be thusly applied yielding fine atomization of even very high viscosity liquids. Applications of crossed pulse liquid atomizers to liquid fuel engine combustion systems are described.

Abstract: An improved spray nozzle assembly particularly adopted for use in continuous casting apparatus and the like utilizing an atomized mixture of pressurized water and air as the cooling medium. The nozzle assembly is adapted to be interposed between the rolls of the casting apparatus and to deliver a cooling spray in the form of a fine mist distributed uniformly over a predetermined area of the ingot or slab. The assembly includes a specially formed mixing nozzle and discharging nozzle tip having turbulence generating shoulders, a transverse mixing chamber, and specially formed discharge orifice controlling the shape of the spray pattern and the uniformity of coolant distribution within that pattern.

Abstract: A liquid atomizer is described which creates liquid pulses and gas pulses which are directed and timed to impact each other. The forces created during impact atomize the liquid into droplets. Large and repeated atomizing forces can be thusly applied yielding fine atomization of even very high viscosity liquids. Applications of crossed pulse liquid atomizers to liquid fuel combustion systems are described.

Abstract: A versatile mixing nozzle for dispensing polyphase fuels into a combustion zone of a boiler. The nozzle is characterized by a plurality of mixing chambers, a relatively low pressure-drop spray nozzle design and a stationary dispersing disk and radiation-protective shield partially projecting in front of the nozzle outlet ports.

Abstract: The invention refers to fibre reinforced shotcrete and it more particularly resides in an improved method for manufacturing structures of such concrete by means of shotcrete. According to the new method a dry mixture of a binding agent and ballast is supplied with chopped fibrous reinforcing material through a feed opening located in the spraying nozzle of the spraying apparatus upstream from the position in which water is added to the mixture.

Abstract: A liquid fuel atomizer nozzle having a liquid fuel input and an air input, the nozzle including an internal mixing chamber in which the incoming liquid fuel to be atomized is subjected to high velocity air streams both within the central core of the liquid and about its periphery to effect thorough atomization of the liquid even at low atomizing air flow rates and pressures.

Abstract: The specification discloses a dispenser for automatically mixing controlled amounts of liquid additive to the shower water. The dispenser is attachable to the water inlet pipe of an ordinary shower head and includes a plastic refillable container for holding the liquid additive and dispensing it under the flow of gravity. A valve is positioned over the mouth of the receptacle for controlling the flow of liquid additive. A dispensing tube assembly communicates with the valve for allowing liquid additive to flow by gravity to a portion of the dispensing tube extending subjacent the nozzles of the shower head. A first series of discharge openings along the bottom portion of the dispensing tube assembly drips a continuous flow of liquid additive into the stream of shower water after it exits from the nozzle.

Abstract: A method of generating mixed and atomized fluids is disclosed in which at least two fluids selected from gases, liquids and powders, are flown through a flow passageway including a first convergent and a subsequent divergent flowing zones, whereby the fluids are subjected to change in pressure, thereby being mixed and atomized. The mixed and atomized fluids are spouted from a second convergent flowing zone at a high speed toward a fluid reflecting means. The spouted mixed fluids collide with the fluid reflecting means and are further mixed with one another and further atomized when the mixed fluids are reflected from the fluid reflecting means. A fluid spouting composite nozzle unit for practicing the method is also disclosed in which a first nozzle has the first convergent flowing zone and the divergent flowing zone, and a second nozzle has the second convergent flowing zone. The fluid reflecting means is disposed on the downstream side of the spouting hole of the second nozzle.

Abstract: A method and applicator is disclosed for producing cleaning foam. The applicator includes a housing which defines a diffusion chamber having an inlet and an outlet end. First and second inlets are peripherally located in the housing adjacent its inlet end and are in fluid communication with the diffusion chamber. These first and second inlets include flow regulators or valves for individually adjusting the rate of flow of pressurized cleaning liquid and pressurized air are continuously introduced therethrough during operation into the diffusion chamber. Upon passing through the inlets, the pressurized liquid and air flow through a diffusion means which is contained within the diffusion chamber. As the liquid and air pass through the diffusion means, the air is mixed with and entrained in the liquid and foaming occurs. Subsequently, the foam passes into a reduction chamber disposed adjacent the outlet end of the applicator.