Abstract: A jet regulator (1), including an annular or sheath-shaped jet regulator housing (2), the outlet end face (3) of which is designed as a hole structure, grate structure, and/or mesh structure having passage openings (6) surrounded by flow-guiding walls, wherein the hole structure, grate structure, and/or mesh structure on the outlet end face is made of a manually deformable, dimensionally elastic plastic material (7) at least in some sections and at least at the surface. The jet regulator (1) according to the invention is characterized in that the outlet end face (3) of the jet regulator housing (2) is designed as an outlet disk (8) that can be inserted into the jet regulator housing (2) and that supports the hole structure, grate structure, and/or mesh structure.

Abstract: A fuel injector has an injector body and a control rod, which is movable in the injector body along an axis for controlling opening/closing of a nozzle that injects fuel in an engine cylinder; the injector body houses a metering servovalve, provided with a control chamber and with an open/close element of a balanced type, axial sliding of which causes a variation in pressure in the control chamber; the metering servovalve comprises a valve body made of two pieces coaxially coupled to one another via a deformable ring, which defines also a gasket for guaranteeing fluid tightness between the two pieces and maintains in a fixed position a disk on which a calibrated restriction is made.

Abstract: A fuel injector for use in an internal combustion engine, comprising a nozzle body being provided with a nozzle bore and at least one set of one or more outlets for fluid, an outer valve member received within the nozzle bore and being engageable with a first seating region of the nozzle body to control the flow of a first fluid from a first delivery chamber, the outer valve member being provided with an outer valve bore, and an inner valve member received within the outer valve bore and being engageable with a second seating region of the nozzle body to control the flow of a second fluid from a second delivery chamber. In various embodiments, the fuel injector can be arranged to allow the first and second fluids to be injected separately and/or together. In one embodiment, the first and second fluids can be mixed within the injector before injection.

Abstract: An ultrasonic liquid treatment chamber has an elongate housing through which liquid flows longitudinally from an inlet port to an outlet port thereof. An elongate ultrasonic waveguide assembly extends within the housing and is operable at a predetermined ultrasonic frequency to ultrasonically energize liquid within the housing. An elongate ultrasonic horn of the waveguide assembly is disposed at least in part intermediate the inlet and outlet ports, and has a plurality of discrete agitating members in contact with and extending transversely outward from the horn intermediate the inlet and outlet ports in longitudinally spaced relationship with each other. The horn and agitating members are constructed and arranged for dynamic motion of the agitating members relative to the horn at the predetermined frequency and to operate in an ultrasonic cavitation mode of the agitating members corresponding to the predetermined frequency and the liquid being treated in the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a turbine with dual sets of fins and a stator assembly for directing water onto both sets of fins. The water flow directed to the first set of fins generates slightly more force than the water flow directed to the second set of fins. In this manner, the opposing forces generated by the water flow maintain a more uniform and constant speed of the turbine.

Abstract: The invention provides an injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, the injection nozzle (2) including an outer valve member (8) received within a bore (6) provided in a nozzle body (4) and being engageable with a first seating region (20) to control fuel flow from a first delivery chamber (32) to a first nozzle outlet (22), an inner valve member (44) slidable within an outer valve bore (34) provided in the outer valve member (8) and being engageable with a second seating region (46) to control fuel flow from a second delivery chamber (62) to a second nozzle outlet (48), a lifting arrangement (80) associated with the outer valve member (8) such that movement of the outer valve member (8) is transmitted to the inner valve member (44) when the outer valve member (8) is moved through a distance greater than a predetermined distance (L), and a control chamber (7) arranged to receive pressurised fuel, in use.

Abstract: A deflector at the downstream end of a fuel tube deflects incoming fuel into an annular fuel channel in a fuel swirler of an injector. The deflector prevents direct impact of the cooler fuel on the exposed walls of the swirler body. The deflector can be formed by a tab or other integral portion of the heatshield, or as a separate piece fixed to the heatshield or swirler body. The deflector minimizes disruption of flow through any flow slots that are covered by the deflector, and may have i) a relatively small circumferential extent, such that the deflector covers only a few flow slots, ii) flow openings or slots that allow a portion of the fuel to flow inwardly of the deflector into the otherwise covered flow slot(s), or iii) a space or gap between the side(s) of the deflector and the inner walls of the annular channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for laterally deflecting and/or separating a flow of particles using a static array of optical tweezers. In an array of optical tweezers with a lattice constant larger than the size of a particle of interest, particles driven past the array by an external force experience an additional interaction with the array of traps. By altering the angle of the array of traps relative to the external force, the particles' movement from trap to trap inside the array can be biased away from the direction of the external force, thereby enabling selective deflection and/or separation of particles.

Abstract: A fuel injector is described having a movable valve part, which for opening and closing of the valve cooperates with a stationary valve seat which is formed on a valve seat element. A swirl disk is arranged downstream from the valve seat and has a multilayer configuration. The fuel flowing through is imparted to a swirl component between at least one inlet area and at least one outlet area. In a first swirl-generating plane a swirl component is imparted to a first portion of the flow, while a second portion of the flow without swirl and independent of the first swirling portion of the flow is routed inside the swirl disk, and in a second swirl-generating plane a swirl component is imparted only to the second portion of the flow. The fuel injector may be suitable for direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine having compression of a fuel/air mixture with spark ignition.

Abstract: A water diffuser for an automatic fire sprinkler system to be used when the sprinkler system is drained or tested. The water diffuser has a plurality of diffuser plates with decreasing diameter holes in their centers for dispersing water over a greater area, thereby reducing erosion and damage to the landscaping and/or grass.

Abstract: In a spray characteristic in a direct injection system gasoline engine use electromagnetic system fuel injector, to a piston cavity a mixture of fuel and air having a combustible concentration is converged and making rich the mixture having the combustible concentration at a side of ignition plug, then an ignition performance is improved and making thin the mixture of fuel and air to a piston direction a combustion performance is improved, namely it is necessary to generate a flat inclined spray. A part of a wall face for forming the injection hole at an outlet portion of the injector is formed with V groove according to two inclination faces with optional angles against a center axial line of the injection hole or a substantially recess shape step-wise rectangular groove having different cut-off depths.

Abstract: A hollow-core nozzle structure which can provide solid core beam typically generated by a solid-core nozzle. The hollow-core nozzle structure contains (1) a hollow passage which is in communication with a water inlet connected sideways to the hollow passage; (2) a water outlet at an end of the hollow passage; (3) a bell-shaped stream-guide plate furnished on an outer rim of the water outlet. The stream-guide plate is provided with, in the order away from the outer rim, a plurality of first, second, and third water baffles respectively arranged in a circular manner. The first water baffles are rectangular in shape, the second water baffles are also rectangular shape but with a bevel on one thereof facing inward, and the third water baffles are triangular in shape, so as to cause a portion of sprayed water to be broken into tiny drops which exit the stream-guide plate along a central line and an outer rim of a water beam to form a solid water beam.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for spraying a swirl of fuel, includes a nozzle body having a bore, an orifice communicated with the bore, and a wall defining the bore and the orifice. The bore for receiving an axially movable valve body has a first center axis and the orifice has a second center axis. An inlet open to the bore and an outlet open to outside the nozzle body. The wall includes a first circumferential edge portion defining the inlet of the orifice and a second circumferential edge portion defining the outlet of the orifice. A sprayed fuel body formed by fuel discharged from said orifice, has a third center axis. The first circumferential edge portion is so arranged as to allow the first center axis to be positioned inside the inlet. The second circumferential edge portion is so contoured as to allow at least a portion of the second circumferential edge portion to be out of a plane normal to the second center axis.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle comprises a body (1) with a cylindrical sleeve (2) accommodating a tubular element (3) having an axially extending channel (16). At the end of the element (3) there is arranged an acoustic head (5) having a conically shaped surface (6) adapted to generate acoustic vibrations. An annular recess (12) is formed on the surface (6). The nozzle body (1) carries a reflecting surface (9) formed as a plurality of pyramids. The fuel nozzle is provided with a device (18) adapted to swirl the gas flow and a regulating element (17) accommodated in the axial channel (16).

Abstract: A sprinkler having a body with a smooth annular interior surface which converges in a downstream direction to a throat and then diverges to a generally conical depression, the interior surface being fair at the location of the throat to reduce turbulence, the water entering the throat being rotationally swirled by some swirl imparting surfaces upstream of the throat, and the depression containing an impeller which has a conical surface which lies contiguous with the conical surface of the depression, but the conical impeller surface is interrupted and contains discharge channels extending outwardly from near the center of the impeller.

Abstract: A water mist-producing device includes a nozzle structure having a flow passage connected to a pressurized water source. A cylindrical pin is coaxially disposed in the passage so that pressurized water flows through an annular space between the pin and the passage wall surface. The downstream end of the pin abuts a transverse end wall having an exit hole assigned with the pin axis. Small angularly disposed flow ducts are defined in the downstream end portion of the pin to conduct jets of water across the end of the pin and through the exit hole. The angular disposition of the flow ducts effects spinning about its axis.

Abstract: NOx production from pressure-atomised burners is reducible by shaping, e.g. splitting, the fuel film leaving the burner. This is achieved, in accordance with the invention, by having an external wall 54 which surrounds the fuel outlet orifice 52 and from which external formations 56 extend radially inwardly towards the axis 20 of the burner. The formations 56 penetrate the frusto-conical pattern of fuel (not shown) emitting from the orifice 52 to split the flame into four discrete lobes. Other arrangements are possible in which different numbers of lobes are formed; or assymetric patterns are produced; or shaped flame patterns having no discrete lobes are produced.

Abstract: A tankwasher which may be mounted permanently in a tank that requires frequent cleaning comprises a tube 1 connected to a source of cleaning liquid supply, a shaft 5 non-rotatably mounted in the outlet end of the tube 1 and having an enlarged head at the end thereof which protrudes from the tube 1, a liquid guide 3 surrounding said shaft 5 internally of the tube 1 and formed with helical grooves on its external surface, and a shaped liquid distribution disc 4 rotatably mounted around the shaft 5 between the head of the shaft 5 and the neighboring end of the liquid guide 3. An R-shaped resilient clip 2 constitutes the only connection of the shaft 5 to the tube 1 and, upon its removal, the shaft 5, the liquid guide 3 and the disc 4 can all be freely removed from the tube 1 and from each other for cleaning or other purposes.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for generating multiple spirally convergent/divergent fluid jet streams and an improved process and apparatus for generating particulate containing fluid jets wherein at least one discontinuity generator is provided to create fluid instabilities, enhancing entrainment and acceleration of particulates in the fluid jet stream and providing uniform distribution of accelerated particles over a large surface area.

Abstract: In an electromagnetically actuatable fuel-injection valve for injection systems for internal-combustion engines, the valve includes a valve housing, an ejection opening, a magnet winding, a closure element which is connected to an armature associated with the magnet winding, and a pin which is located in the ejection opening and has a conical region, the conical region being within or at a plane formed by the outer edge of the ejection opening. In this way, the formation of drops at the edge of the ejection opening is prevented so that a fine atomization is obtained.

Abstract: A vortex sprinkler having a vortex chamber delimited in the downward direction by a bottom surface and in the upward direction by a rimmed opening leading to the atmosphere, at least one liquid inlet leading substantially tangentially into the vortex chamber, and a plurality of slots cut across the rim of the opening, wherein the slots are cut in a direction substantially tangential with respect to the vortex chamber.

Abstract: In an injection valve for fuel-injection systems for internal combustion engines, the closure member opens in the direction towards the combustion chamber. It has an outer surface which widens towards the combustion chamber. Above the closure member, a swirl chamber is provided in the housing of the injection valve, fuel continuously rotating in said swirl chamber as a result of a continuously open return-flow connection to a valve outlet.

Abstract: A nozzle and a method for spraying a liquid into a vessel opening through such a nozzle wherein the nozzle includes a casing assembly and a core. The casing assembly has a casing opening which extends through the upper end of the casing assembly and extends a distance through the casing assembly and a discharge nozzle opening formed through a central portion of the lower end of the casing assembly. The core has an upper and a lower end and an outer peripheral surface and the core is disposed and supported within the casing opening generally between the upper and the lower ends of the casing and spaced a distance above the discharge nozzle opening. The core has swirl openings formed through the core intersecting the upper and the lower ends of the core and being disposed generally near the outer peripheral surface of the core and a central opening formed through a central portion of the core.

Abstract: A deflector type spray nozzle for fire protection systems in marine or land storage spaces with little headroom between the stored items and the ceiling. The nozzle is adapted to discharge a uniformly distributed, symmetrical spray pattern in a nearly horizontal direction so as to reach all ammunition, supplies, or other boxed or crated items within the field of the spray pattern underlying the nozzle. The nozzle would also be useful in applications other than fire protection systems where the headroom is limited and a symmetrical, uniformly distributed spray pattern in a nearly horizontal direction is needed.

Abstract: A method of treating a polluted gas e.g. desulphurizing a sulphur dioxide-containing flue gas is carried out by spraying the flue gas with a slurry of e.g. calcium hydroxide, under spray drying conditions. The spray device comprises a rotating cup comprising an extended surface on which a film of slurry is formed. On leaving the surface the slurry is immediately impacted with a high velocity stream of air supplied through an annular orifice.Arrangements for supplying the slurry to the rotating cup comprises a stationary distribution device adapted to direct the slurry onto the surface with a swirl component of motion.

Abstract: A spray nozzle for combating fires that includes a housing having a flat end face and a contoured chamber passing upwardly through the end face. A plate is supported adjacent to the end face to provide a circular spray opening therebetween. A fire extinguishing fluid is pumped through a rigid pipe from a high pressure supply into the chamber where the fluid is expanded into a vortex before being projected through the spray opening in a 360.degree. pattern. The pipe enables the nozzle to be inserted into the fire region by a firefighter situated at a remote and relatively safer location.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve is proposed for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, which serves to supply fuel into the intake tube of the engine. The injection valve includes a movable valve element which cooperates with a fixed valve seat, downstream of which are provided horizontal fuel guidance bores which discharge tangentially into a spin chamber. The spin chamber is disposed so that it widens conically in the flow direction. The fuel guidance bores simultaneously serve as metering bores. The spin chamber causes an axial speed component to be imparted to the fuel entering via the fuel guidance bores. As a result, the dwell time of the metered fuel within the spin chamber is short, and even in the case of quite short injection pulses, the fuel is still sufficiently well prepared.

Abstract: The invention comprises an atomizing spray nozzle containing multiple restrictions to the flow of an air and water mixture through the nozzle created by contours in the stem in relation to the orifice and having a whirl chamber in the nozzle body where injected air induces disturbances in the liquid to create effective atomization prior to the first restriction which creates a negative pressure beyond the restriction and which is repeated at additional restrictions thus resulting in a repeated depressurization and sudden expansion to obtain a finely atomized mixture before reaching the orifice, with a final restriction at an outlet that may take the form for a flat spray or one for a narrow round spray.

Abstract: A spray or atomizing nozzle is provided. The nozzle comprises a vortex chamber, an outward-flaring outlet orifice and a movable spray-control body. The spray-control body, in the non-operative state of the nozzle, rests on the flaring rim of said outlet orifice, while in the operative state the spray-control body, being impacted by the liquid issuing from the outlet orifice, is slightly lifted off the flaring rim of the outlet orifice, facilitates deflection of the impacting liquid outwards and produces a droplet spraying effect. Due to the negative-pressure zone created in the vortex chamber, the spray control body is maintained floating in a position of equilibrium at a close distance from the orifice rim, whereby the droplet-size spectrum of said spray is controlled.

Abstract: A vortex is formed in fluid flowing through a flow passage from the inlet of the passage to its outlet. A bluff body is disposed at the outlet external to the passage to interrupt vortically flowing fluid. In one embodiment, the bluff body, which could comprise one or more frustums or discs, has a flat surface facing the outlet. In another embodiment, the body comprises a sphere. In a third embodiment, the body comprises a frustum and a sphere adjacent to each other on the flow axis.

Abstract: A vortex is formed in fluid flowing through a flow passage from the inlet of the passage to its outlet. A resonator is disposed at the outlet external to the passage to intercept fluid flowing vortically through the passage. A bluff body lies between the outlet of the passage and the resonator to interrupt fluid flowing through the passage. The resonator is cylindrical having an axis aligned with the axis of the flow passage, an open end facing toward the outlet of the flow passage, and a closed end. Preferably, the bluff body is adjacent to the open end of the resonator and the length and width of the resonator are approximately multiples of the diameter of the bluff body.

Abstract: An electro-magnetic fuel injection valve for low pressure fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines utilizing induction tube injection which includes a housing, a stationary iron core located within the housing, with the core supporting a magnetic winding, an armature-plunger concentric with respect to the iron core, a valve needle, a hollow stem connected to the housing into which the valve needle extends and a valve seat defining structure for the valve needle situated within the hollow stem. The valve seat defining structure having a plurality of bores formed therein the dimensions of which determine the apportionment of fuel by the fuel injection valve, and the disposition of which permits utilization of the kinetic energy, which results from the transformation of the pressure energy during the fuel apportionment, in the preparation of the fuel.

Abstract: An improvement of a swirl type fuel atomizer is disclosed in which a plurality of notches are equiangularly formed around an opening of a single-nozzle hole so that the liquid fuel injected may be divided into a plurality of fuel spray patterns. The complete combustion with a relatively low temperature may be ensured so that the emission of nitrogen oxides may be substantially eliminated or reduced.

Abstract: A pressure jet atomiser of the centrifugal swirl type wherein a forced vortex is gradually accelerated, by being directed through a smoothly converging passage, and is thereafter refined and thinned. Refining of the vortex occurs in a constant diameter nozzle throat section and thinning is achieved by passage through a smooth diverging diffuser downstream of the throat. A constant spray angle for the thinned vortex is achieved by providing the diffuser with an abrupt set-back.

Abstract: A foam generating nozzle is made either as an attachment to an existing liquid spray nozzle unit or as a pre-manufactured assembly and includes a foam-generating section having a pressure-reducing passageway including a preferably sharply outwardly tapering portion leading to a venturi-forming throat portion, and adapted to receive the liquid stream issuing from an inlet orifice. Air inlet ports are provided communicating with the pressure-reducing passageway, through which ports air is drawn by the reduced pressure caused by the pressure-reducing passageway. Optimum foaming action is achieved by adjusting the point of the pressure-reducing passageway struck by the stream which is most advantageously achieved by adjusting the angle of the stream issuing from the orifice so the widest portion thereof strikes the end section of the tapering portion of the passageway.