Abstract: A nozzle applies a sealant to a target area that includes a coupling member and an elongated seam. The nozzle includes a primary portion positionable in line with the coupling member in the target area, a first secondary portion on a first side of the primary portion, and a second secondary portion on a second side of the primary portion. The primary portion is in fluid communication with one or more material sources. The first secondary portion extends from the primary portion such that the first secondary portion is configured to extend over at least a segment of the elongated seam in the target area when the primary portion is positioned in line with the coupling member in the target area. The first secondary portion has a first height, and the second secondary portion has a second height less than the first height.

Abstract: A liquid dispersion device comprising an elongated dispersion body comprising a first end extending in a first direction and forming an elongated dispersion body comprising a first end positioned at an acute angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the elongated dispersion body, a second end positioned at an obtuse angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the elongated dispersion body, a plurality of nozzles extending outwardly from a forward surface of the dispersion body and a source connector on a rear surface of the dispersion body, the source connector in fluid communication with the plurality of nozzles. A first nozzle among the plurality of nozzles is positioned on the forward surface of the dispersion body at the first end of the dispersion body and a second nozzle is positioned on the forward surface of the dispersion body at the second end of the dispersion body.

Abstract: The invention relates to Nozzle, comprising a liquid inlet channel (LIN) for water or other liquid, the liquid inlet channel having an exit mouth (LINM) for letting liquid out from the liquid inlet channel, a pressurized air inlet channel (AIN) having an exit mouth (AINM) for letting pressurized air out from the pressurized air inlet channel (AIN). In the invention the liquid inlet channel (LIN) and pressurized air inlet channel (AIN) are positioned in such way that the pressurized air inlet channel (AIN) at least partially surrounds the liquid inlet channel (LIN) so as to create mist from exiting liquid and exiting pressurized air.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a nozzle assembly for use in a servo valve. The nozzle assembly comprises three nozzle parts and a housing. The second part is coaxial with the first part and surrounds at least a first portion of the first part. The third part is coaxial with the first part, and a first portion of the third nozzle part surrounds a first portion of the second nozzle part, and a second portion of the third part is attached to a second portion of the first part. First and second nozzle parts are made of materials having approximately the same first coefficient of thermal expansion (TE1), and third part and housing are made of materials having approximately the same second coefficient of thermal expansion (TE2). TE1 is different from TE2. The interaction between the portions due to the differences in TE1 and TE2 allow the nozzle assembly to compensate for temperature fluctuations during and operation whilst remaining firmly held in position.

Abstract: In a method of controlling a rotary sprinkler, a first angular position and a first watering distance are accessed from memory using a controller. A first electric motor is driven using the controller based on the first angular position. A head comprising at least one nozzle is rotated to the first angular position responsive to driving a first electric motor. A second electric motor is driven using the controller based on the first watering distance. A valve is positioned in a first valve position responsive to driving a second electric motor. Water is discharged through the valve and the at least one nozzle. The head is held at the first angular position for a first time period based on the first watering distance.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle for use in a turbine engine is provided. The fuel nozzle includes at least one premixer tube including a tube wall and a plurality of perforations defined therein and extending through the tube wall. The plurality of perforations are configured to channel a flow of air therethrough. The fuel nozzle also includes a liquid fuel plenum positioned upstream from the premixer tube, and at least one fuel injector coupled in flow communication with the liquid fuel plenum and the at least one premixer tube. The at least one fuel injector is configured to channel a flow of liquid fuel from the liquid fuel plenum into the premixer tube.

Abstract: A showerhead bracket having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a valve and a valve housing. the valve may be operably connected between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The valve includes a valve inlet port, a low flow exit port and a high flow exit port. The valve housing is disposed between the fluid inlet and the valve inlet port. And the valve can selectively rotate within the valve housing.

Abstract: A holder assembly for supporting nozzle includes a holder having a plurality of fixing members; a plurality of sliding members, each sliding member being fixed on the holder by one of the fixing members, each sliding member being rotatable and slidable relative to the holder before being fixed by the one of the fixing members; and a plurality of nozzles, each nozzle being arranged on one of the sliding members, the positions of the nozzles being changeable when the slide members being rotated or sliding relative to the fixing members.

Abstract: A portable misting trailer system for preventing bodies from overheating and regulating body temperature, having a trailer frame with a first and second side bar secured to a portable trailer base, a plurality of arched tubes having a first and second end, the first end of each tube attaches to the first side bar, the second end of each tube attaches to the second side bar, a plurality of misting heads on the arched tubes fluidly connected thereto, a water system within the trailer frame having a storage tank fluidly connected to a water pump that is operatively connected to a power source which is operatively connected to an on-off switch, whereupon turning on the on-off switch activates the pump to pump water from the water tank into the plurality of the arched tubes, whereupon water would exit the arched tubes via the misting heads.

Abstract: A steam distributor includes a front screen equipped with steam perforations wherein the output area of at least some of the perforations can be adjusted to enable active control of the steam jet velocity. The steam velocity can be controlled independently of steam flow. The front screen is includes (i) a first plate that has a first set of apertures and (ii) a second plate that has a second set of apertures, wherein the second plate covers the first plate, and wherein the means fir varying the size of at least one of the perforations moves the first plate, the second plate, or both the first and the second plates in order to change the position of the first set of apertures relative to the second set of apertures.

Abstract: An apparatus for depositing and/or jetting viscous medium on a surface of a workpiece includes at least two depositing head assemblies. The at least two depositing head assemblies are configured to move in three dimensional space. The at least two depositing head assemblies are also configured to at least one of concurrently and simultaneously deposit the viscous medium on the workpiece.

Abstract: An attic fire protection system is provided. The system comprises a fluid supply manifold for supplying a fluid, positioned at an effective height below and parallel to the underside of a roof having a non-zero pitch angle. The system contains a plurality of fittings each having at least one exit port for directing the flow of the fluid, the fittings being spaced within at most a maximum effective distance apart from each other and being connected to receive fluid from the supply manifold, wherein the exit ports are structured to supply the fluid in a direction parallel to the underside of the roof. Most broadly, however, the fittings are structured or arranged to supply the fluid in a direction forming an oblique angle with the horizontal and the vertical, which may or may be exactly the same as the pitch angle of the roof. The system also includes a plurality of horizontal sidewall sprinklers each connected to a respective exit port of one or another of the fittings.

Abstract: A pest control aerosol sprayer that is free from giving rise to a fire or a burn in its storage or use, includes a pressure-tight container receiving therein a noxious insect behavioral inhibitor of which an active ingredient is HFC-152a acting also as both a propellant and refrigerant. The pressure-tight container has at its top a valve having a stem, and the stem has an injection hole therein that can be opened with the stem forced down. A head cap is attached to a top of the pressure-tight container and is provided with a spray nozzle and an inflow port in which the stem of the valve in the pressure-tight container is fitted. The head cap has an injection passage leading from the inflow port to the spray nozzle.

Abstract: Directional spray heads on each side of each tower over the wheels spray water behind the trailing wheel and not in front of the wheels. A control box activates the direction of travel of the wheels at the towers through a tower box at each tower. Solenoids wired to the tower box for switching power alternately to each wheel, switch the water flow via the solenoids to directional spray sprinklers spraying behind the trailing wheel.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes head main bodies having nozzle rows in which nozzle openings configured to eject liquid are arranged; and a fixing member in which rows of the head main bodies arranged in a first direction as an arrangement direction of the nozzle openings are lined in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the head main bodies are relatively positioned and fixed, the head main bodies are provided with a first positioning hole and a second positioning hole to which positioning pins are inserted, and intervals between the first positioning holes of each head main body is shorter than lengths of the nozzle rows of the head main bodies.

Abstract: The lubrication nozzle comprises a nozzle body provided with a lubricant supply channel, and at least two spray heads each comprising an outlet orifice in communication with the supply channel. The nozzle also comprises at least one adjustment means on which a first one of the spray heads is placed so as to modify the spacing between the outlet orifices of the said spray heads when there is an eccentric rotation.

Abstract: A painting robot system includes a robot and a spray gun unit. The robot includes a plurality of robot arms and a drive shaft member disposed on a distal end robot arm of the multiple robot arms, the drive shaft member being rotatable about a distal end drive axis. The spray gun unit is mounted on the robot arm. The spray gun unit includes a support member fixed to the distal end robot arm, guide members disposed on the support member, a plurality of spray guns disposed on the support member, and a linkage mechanism connecting between the movable spray guns and the drive shaft member. A spacing between at least one pair of adjacent spray guns can be varied via the linkage mechanism by rotating the drive shaft member of the robot.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system is provided. In one embodiment, the system includes a catalyst, and injector positioned upstream from the catalyst, and a fluid-spray atomizer positioned between the catalyst and the injector. The fluid-spray atomizer includes a plurality of horizontal slats, wherein each horizontal slat is a different size and a smaller horizontal slat is nested at least partially inside a larger horizontal slat.

Abstract: A pest control aerosol sprayer is provided that is free from giving rise to a fire or a burn in its storage or use. The pest control aerosol sprayer comprises a pressure-tight container (1) receiving therein a noxious insect behavioral inhibitor (A) of which an active ingredient is HFC-152a acting also as both a propellant and refrigerant, the pressure-tight container having at its top a valve (3) provided with a stem (5) and in the stem (5) with an injection hole (4) that can be opened with the stem (5) forced down; and a head cap (2) attached to a top of the pressure-tight container (1) and provided with a spray nozzle (10) and an inflow port (11) in which the stem (5) of the valve (3) in the pressure-tight container (1) is fitted, the head cap (2) being formed therein with an injection passage (12) leading from the inflow port (11) to the spray nozzle (10).

Abstract: The invention provides a fire extinguishing apparatus. The fire extinguishing apparatus includes a holding unit for holding various components of the fire extinguishing apparatus. The fire extinguishing apparatus also includes one or more tubes which are operatively coupled to the holding unit. The one or more tubes are capable of rotating with respect to the holding unit, such that an axis of rotation of a tube is angled at a predetermined angle to the earth surface. Further, each tube of the one or more tubes includes one or more nozzles for dispersing a fire extinguishing fluid to a location of the fire. The fire extinguishing fluid is supplied to the one or more tubes through a fluid supplying unit. The fluid supplying unit and the one or more tubes are held together by the holding unit in a suspended manner above the location of the fire.

Abstract: A showerhead has a housing provided with an inlet for flowing of water into the housing and a plurality of openings; and a plurality of adjustable inserts associated with the openings, provided with water channels, and formed so that the inserts are individually movable to change their orientation so as to change a trajectory of a jet issued from each individual insert the inserts being formed so that water flowing out from the channels of each of the inserts forms as a single jet.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a spraying apparatus with an integrated filter, specifically to overcome the challenges of spraying asphalt sealant material. The present invention can be integrated within an asphalt sealant spray system and consists of a leak free large filter housing, multiple spray nozzles placed axially and pointing downwards towards the ground, a meshed filter that fits inside the filter housing, an actuator as means of on/off nozzle control, extension options for lengthening the spray pattern, a material inlet that will receive pressurized material from a pump the spray apparatus is integrated with, and housing end caps to provide easy access to the inside of the filter housing.

Abstract: A watering system that has first and second upright supports, a plurality of bendable water conduits and substantially rigid water channels and a first spray head is disclosed. Each of the first and second upright supports have substantially laterally oriented brackets dimensioned to releasably hold objects having a first outer diameter, including the bendable water conduits and substantially rigid water channels. The substantially rigid water channels each have a central body and left and right hose barbs in fluid relationship to one another through the central body. The central body has an aperture dimensioned to receive and mechanically engage the insertion end of the first spray head. The first spray head has a spray jet with a first water flow rate. The system may further include second and third spray heads with second and third water flow rates each different from each other and the first water flow rate.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are apparatus and methods for protecting against and stopping an attack by flying stinging insects. Such an apparatus comprises a tank configured to contain a surfactant solution; a pump in fluid communication with the tank; a delivery system having at least one nozzle; a first tubular member fluidly connecting the tank and the delivery system; and an actuator coupled to the pump and operable by the operator of the vehicle, for activating the pump; wherein the tank, the pump, the delivery system, and the first tubular member are attached to a ridable vehicle and configured to deliver the surfactant solution onto the operator and the attacking insects at a flow rate in the range of 1-3 gallons/min, to dispel the insect attack, upon operation of the actuator when the assembly is used to stop an attack of aggressive flying stinging insects.

Abstract: A nozzle plate for use with a spray apparatus and a fabrication method thereof are provided. The nozzle plate has a plurality of orifices each including an inlet end and an outlet end. The inlet end and the outlet end have a geometrical structure with mirror symmetry and a centroid with positional deviation from a pattern center. The pattern center is the center of an imaginary circle circumscribed about the geometrical structure. The geometrical structure controls the propagation direction of liquid spray, expands the nebulizing range per unit density of orifices, enables product miniaturization, and saves energy.

Abstract: A water spray assembly especially adapted for control of dust suppression in mining machines has a manifold with one or a number of nozzles mounted thereon. The manifold provides communication between the nozzles and a manifold inlet, the manifold inlet being adapted to connect to a supply of water. The manifold with one half of a quick connect coupling cooperates with a nozzle block having a bore sized to receive at least a portion of the manifold and the other half of the quick connect coupling. The use of quick connect coupling half with the block allows easy removal and insertion of the manifold.

Abstract: A multiple output shower assembly is disclosed generally comprising a plurality of conduits in fluid communication with each other and at least three water output devices for discharging water from the assembly. The water output devices are located such that water is dischargeable from each of the water output devices without first flowing past any other output device in order to maintain pressure. In some embodiments, coupling mechanisms are provided to removably couple the conduits to each other and to a shower water source. In some embodiments, at least one restrictor is also provided to further equalize the pressure among the different water output devices.

Abstract: An irrigation device having a plurality of spans emanating from a common vertically oriented source of supply.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for depositing liquid brine on roadway surface. Substantially horizontally disposed streamer nozzles are employed in conjunction with brine pumps which are operated in correspondence with the forward speed of the treatment vehicle. Substantially horizontally disposed streamer nozzles express the fluid at a rate corresponding with the vehicle forward velocity to effect a relative zero velocity relationship between the pavement and liquid. These streamer nozzles are mounted close to the pavement surface at a location effective to avoid truck induced air turbulence.

Abstract: A shower head structure includes a showerhead made up of a main body adjustably mounted to a water outlet coupling tube and rotated in any angles wherein the main body has a limiting separation board properly preset at one side thereof to divide a water-collecting space and a concaved space at both sides thereby, and a plurality of tubular water guiding conduits protruding at preset positions of the limiting separation board thereon to communicate with both the water-collecting space and the water outlet coupling tube thereof. Each of the water guiding conduits is securely registered with a universal connector to which a water outlet spray head with various types of water outlet apertures such as net-like, tubular, or misty water outlet apertures disposed thereon is mounted thereby.

Abstract: A chemical sprayer system includes a three-way valve that includes an inlet port coupled to a fluid source, a first outlet port in fluid communication with a first elongated fluid passage, a second outlet port in fluid communication with a second elongated fluid passage, and a control. The control allows a user to place the three-way valve into one of a first ON state in which the first outlet port is in fluid communication with the inlet port, a second ON state in which the second outlet port is in fluid communication with the inlet port, and an OFF state in which substantially no fluid is allowed to exit the inlet port. The first elongated fluid passage terminates in a nozzle adapted for spraying foam. The second elongated fluid passage terminates in a nozzle adapted for spraying liquids.

Abstract: Vehicle undercarriage cleaners clean the undercarriage of vehicles. Dirt, mud, salt, chemicals, snow and other materials accumulate on the undersides of vehicles. The vehicle undercarriage cleaner removes these materials without requiring the user to manipulated during use by employing a set of interlocking pipes and joints laid out to form a nested rectangle. Water holes piercing the top surface of the pipes result in sprays of water when a hose is connected to the hose attachment mechanism. Addition or removal of pipes and joints allows the dimensions of the vehicle undercarriage cleaner to be adjusted to accommodate any vehicle.

Abstract: A method and system for spraying scale conditioning aqueous solutions onto opposite sides of a metal strip for scale conditioning is provided. The system includes a housing which defines a chamber through which the moving strip passes on the strip pass line. A nozzle maintenance station is provided which is disposed off the strip pass line. Sets of spray nozzles are provided and the sets are independently movable between the maintenance station and spraying portion on opposite sides of the strip. Thus, each set can be utilized independently to spray a strip or be worked on in the maintenance station without shutting down the line.

Abstract: A multi-nozzle showerhead has a showerhead housing, a rectangular tube, multiple nozzles and a connector. The showerhead housing has a nozzle recess for each nozzle. Each of the nozzles has a diffuser, a radial impeller, a circular impeller, a diffuser housing, a selection valve, seals and a fastener. The fastener has a threaded bolt and a nut. The seals are securely mounted in each of the nozzles to prevent water leakage. Each of the nozzles is held together by the fastener with the threaded bolt and nut. The radial impeller has multiple fins, and one of the fins is an interrupt fin that momentarily interrupts the flow of water to the diffuser.

Abstract: A method and system for spraying scale conditioning aqueous solutions onto opposite sides of a metal strip for scale conditioning is provided. The system includes a housing which defines a chamber through which the moving strip passes on the strip pass line. A nozzle maintenance station is provided which is disposed off the strip pass line. Sets of spray nozzles are provided and the sets are independently movable between the maintenance station and spraying portion on opposite sides of the strip. Thus, each set can be utilized independently to spray a strip or be worked on in the maintenance station without shutting down the line.

Abstract: Disclosed is an irrigation assembly that comprises a soaker hose having a liquid permitting region and a liquid barrier, which preferably is a tube that is disposed concentrically about a portion of said liquid permitting region and is axially movable relative thereto. The tube is water-impermeable such that water flowing through the soaker hose is not permitted to exit the hose along the axial region of the liquid permitting portion that is covered by the tube.

Abstract: A water delivery system for shower stalls that divides water delivered from one outflow alternatively into two, three, four, five, and six water streams. The system comprises an elongated larger water delivery member having two approximately parallel showerhead attachment arms with two 90° angles and one approximately 145° angle between them. The system also comprises a shorter water delivery member having two approximately parallel showerhead attachment arms with two 90° angles between them, and an optional third showerhead connector. The 145° angle in the larger water delivery member allows ample ceiling clearance for the system when the larger member is rotated for its installation and removal from water delivery pipes positioned at heights commonly used for human shower applications.

Abstract: A toy sprinkler (10) is disclosed comprising a hub assembly (12) having a water pressure activated spinning cap member (68) and a manifold member (64) connected to a pressurized water source. Multiple right angle arm assemblies (14, 16, and 18) are connected to the manifold (64) and direct water by a conduit (34) to wand members (22) mounted to remote ends of arm assemblies (14-16). The conduit (34) affords sufficient slack to allow removal of the wand members (22) from the arm assemblies (14-16) and the aiming of water ejected from the wand members (22).

Abstract: An apparatus for etching a glass substrate includes a first bath 13 containing an etchant, at least one porous panel 15 having a plurality of jet holes 16 in the first bath, the porous panel containing the etchant to jet the etchant against the glass substrate 30, a container 20 storing the etchant, and a pump 24 supplying the etchant from the container to the porous panel, the pump being connected to the container and the porous panel.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing moisture to one or more plants on a continuing and consistent basis. The moisture dispensing apparatus comprises a reservoir or container, a filament for suspending the reservoir or container from a suspension device, one or more hollow funnels, a wall mount for holding one or more containers having plants therein, and a member for controlling the flow of moisture to the one or more plants.

Abstract: Spraying tubes (20 . . . ) through each of which a plurality of spraying holes are perforated along the longitudinal axis of each tube are placed in prescribed positions upper than feces boards (10 . . . ) of henhouses; and the spraying tubes (20 . . . ) are connected to agent-supplying means for supplying an agent such as a tank, a pump, etc. and airsupplying means for supplying compressed air such as a compressor, etc. The spraying holes make an angle not smaller than 5 degrees and not greater than 90 degrees as measured downward from the horizontal plane at the time of spraying an agent, in order to make it possible to spray the agent to feces boards (10 . . . ) and feces floor (12). The eggs of pests such as housefly and the like laid on the feces adhering to the feces boards and feces floor can efficiently and certainly be controlled.

Abstract: A cleaning system includes a housing, an air compressor, a plurality of air hoses, and a plurality of air nozzles. The housing has a first plurality of sidewalls. The first plurality of sidewalls define an enclosure. The housing includes at least a first opening defined therein. The first opening communicates with the enclosure. The air compressor is mounted within the enclosure. The plurality of air hoses are coupled to the compressor and extend through the first opening. The plurality of air nozzles are coupled to the air hoses. An apparatus includes a housing, a cleaning platform, an air compressor, at least one air hose, and an air nozzle. The housing includes a first plurality of sidewalls. The first plurality of sidewalls define an enclosure and have at least a first opening defined therein. The first opening communicates with the enclosure. The housing also includes a second plurality of sidewalls. The second plurality of sidewalls define a chamber.

Abstract: A tree watering device having an elongated tube constructed from tube sections connected end-to-end, a nozzle for spraying, a water inlet, and a hanger for securing the device to a limb of a tree. The hanger may include a hook that swivels to adjust to the angle of the limb to hold the limb more securely. Attachments with additional nozzles can be added between any two of the tube sections to spray water at intermediate heights.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing moisture to one or more plants on a continuing and consistent basis. The moisture dispensing apparatus comprises a reservoir or container, a filament for suspending the reservoir or container from a suspension device, one or more hollow funnels, one or more hollow housings, one or more hollow flexible tubes, and one or more clamping members for adjustably controlling the flow of moisture to the one or more plants.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for spraying an adhesive onto a substrate moving along a surface with a plurality of gun modules which are attached to individual mounting plates which in turn are secured to an adhesive and air service manifold. The gun module and movable plate assemblies can be mounted to the service manifold in a manner that enables the gun module and moveable plate assemblies to be individually shifted to a plurality of preset locations in a direction parallel to the moving surface for changing the adhesive pattern sprayed onto the substrate.

Abstract: A portable knockdown above ground watering system and method for establishing a new lawn is provided. The system includes a compact water manifold structure comprising a manifold housing having a water inlet in fluid communication with a plurality of water outlets. A plurality of solenoid actuated valves are connected adjacent to and in fluid communication with each of the water outlets. The solenoid actuated valves being electrically connected to a control cable plug. An inlet hose connector is connected in fluid communication with the water inlet for removable connection to an inlet hose. A plurality of sprinkler heads are connected in fluid communication to the manifold structure with removably connected outlet hoses. A flexible waterproof control cable is provided. The control cable is removably connected between the control cable plug and a timer assembly which is used for electronically regulating the solenoid actuated valves for operation of the sprinkler heads.

Abstract: An extension tube system for a dust particulate dispenser and a method of using the extension tube system are disclosed. The system includes a flexible duster extension tube having a central body portion with a first diameter, a first coupling end with a larger diameter, and a second dispensing end with a smaller diameter. Additionally, the second dispensing end includes a dust particulate collection region which serves to prevent dust particulates from spilling out of the duster extension tube when such action is not desired. The first coupling end is inserted over an outlet region of a dust particulate dispenser. Additional extension tubes can be connected to the second dispensing end of an extension tube to extend the reach to an area where dust particulates must be applied. A flexible duster extension tube cleaner having a cleaning element is used to clean remaining dust particulates from within the extension tubes.

Abstract: An illuminated water fountain includes an assembly of water lines each carrying a plurality of water discharge nozzles to produce a pattern of water discharges, and a control system for controlling water valves and an illumination system in accordance with musical sounds.

Abstract: An extension tube system for a dust particulate dispenser and a method of using the extension tube system are disclosed. The system includes a flexible duster extension tube having a central body portion with a first diameter, a first coupling end with a larger diameter, and a second dispensing end with a smaller diameter. The first coupling end is inserted over an outlet region of a dust particulate dispenser. Additional extension tubes can be connected to the second dispensing end of an extension tube to extend the reach to an area where dust particulates must be applied. A flexible duster extension tube cleaner having a cleaning element is used to clean remaining dust particulates from within the extension tubes. After the dust particulates are dispensed through the extension tube system, each extension tube is disconnected, and the tube cleaner is gripped at one end so that the cleaning element at the other end can be inserted into each flexible duster extension tube.

Abstract: A spray gun mounting apparatus having a first reciprocal member and second and third spaced fixed members, whereby spray guns or attachment arms for spray guns may be selectably attached to two of the members.