Abstract: An electrospray device, a liquid chromatography device and an electrosprayliquid chromatography system are disclosed. The electrospray device comprises a substrate defining a channel between an entrance orifice on an injection surface and an exit orifice on an ejection surface, a nozzle defined by a portion recessed from the ejection surface surrounding the exit orifice, and an electrode for application of an electric potential to the substrate to optimize and generate an electrospray; and, optionally, additional electrode(s) to further modify the electrospray.

Abstract: A granular material spreader is adapted for towing behind a yard tractor. A frame upports an inverted cone which is sized to contain a supply of granular material for distribution. The bin sweep rod is carried adjacent to the inside surface of the cone, and turns a drive spring. The drive spring drives a helix, which rotates about the bin sweep rod, driving the granular material toward the narrow base of the cone. Should the helix become jammed, the drive spring snaps past the helix, rather than risk damage by forcing its movement. A bin sweep drive wheel is also driven by the revolution of the bin sweep. Movement of the wheel against the an upper portion of the outside surface of the cone moves the bin sweep rod and helix in a circular path about the inside surface of the cone. A valve at the base of the cone allows granular material to drop into a housing which defines slots about portions of its perimeter.

Abstract: An expeller for discharging manure from the tank of a manure spreader avoids severe deformation when contacting rocks in the manure by having paddles fastened with shear bolts which are designed to fail whenever a predetermined load is exerted on the outer ends of the paddles. If the shear bolts fastening any one of the paddles should fail while the expeller is operating to discharge manure from the tank of a manure spreader, that paddle will be moved to a retracted position and will be held there until new shear bolts can be installed.

Abstract: A spreader unit is provided for connection to a hopper carried in an airplane for spreading granular material at a controlled rate of flow. A moveable gate on the spreader is moveable between a closed position covering a discharging opening through which the granular material may flow and an open position defining a gap to allow a predetermined flow rate of granular material from the hopper. A new and improved adjustable control 70 is provided in the cockpit of the airplane adjacent the pilot for manipulation by the pilot to control the gate width to an accurate degree to provide the desired flow rate despite deflection or other binding or lost motion in the linkage or levers in the actuating means for the gate. The control is positioned on the spreader adjacent the gate and a spreader extends from the actuator into the cockpit. A turnable handle is positioned adjacent the pilot for adjusting the size of the gap and thereby the flow rate of the granular material from the hopper.