Abstract: A fuel injector having a plurality of spaced apart apertures modifies the rate of fluid flow of the fuel injectors. The apertures are sequentially opened by movement of the intensifier piston in a piston bore passing actuating fluid flow at an increasing rate to a piston pressure chamber defined by a first end surface of the intensifier piston, a closed end surface of the piston bore and the cylindrical surface of the piston bore. The opening of the spaced apart fluid delivery apertures provide a stepped rate trace. The stepped rate trace allows less fuel to be injected into the combustion chamber by injecting the fuel slower during the early phase of the combustion process where combustion is less harsh.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston/barrel assembly, through which a fluid is capable of flowing, includes a piston having a pressure face separated from a downstream face by a side surface. A barrel has an interior wall surface defining a bore that is sized to slidably receive the piston. The bore is longer than the piston such that the bore includes an upstream volume adjacent the pressure face of the piston and a downstream volume adjacent the downstream face of the piston. The assembly includes some way for producing a pressure differential between the upstream volume and the downstream volume. The side surface and/or interior wall surface include at least one surface irregularity--indentation and/or protrusion--of sufficient size to increase flow resistance. In order to produce the axial force effect of the present invention, the fluid flow between the piston side surface and the barrel's interior wall surface must be faster than the speed of the piston.

Abstract: An open nozzle unit fuel injector having an injector body for receiving a plunger assembly therein is disclosed including a fuel supply source for providing a metered quantity of fuel to a metering chamber formed in a central bore of the injector body to be injected into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and a trapped volume spill port for a volume of fuel trapped in the metering chamber when the plunger has moved from its fully retracted position to its fully advanced position and injection has terminated. In accordance with the present invention, an open nozzle unit fuel injector is achieved which exhibits a sharp ending of injection, which prevents secondary injection and which significantly reduces the unburned hydrocarbon emissions of the engine incorporating such open nozzle unit fuel injectors including a trapped volume spill port.

Abstract: A fuel injector comprises a casing, a barrel, a piston, a plunger, a nozzle, a needle check and needle check spring, a rate shaping valve and a rate shaping valve spring. The barrel is disposed in the casing and defines a fuel plunger chamber as well as a rate shaping bore between the fuel plunger chamber and an outside of the barrel with a rate shaping valve seat therein. The plunger is disposed in part in the fuel plunger bore of the barrel. The nozzle is disposed in the casing and defines a tip of the fuel injector and also defines a fuel passage from the fuel plunger chamber to an injection orifice at an end of the tip. The needle check is disposed in the nozzle and operably blocks the orifice in a first position. A needle check spring is disposed in the nozzle between the needle check and a reaction member, biasing the check to the first position. The rate shaping valve is disposed in the rate shaping bore of the barrel.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes an injector housing having a plunger assembly disposed within a central axial bore and including a lower plunger, an intermediate plunger, and an upper plunger. The lower plunger reciprocates within the central bore to meter a variable quantity of fuel and to inject this fuel during downward portions of the reciprocating motion. A timing chamber formed between the upper and intermediate plungers receives an amount of timing fluid to create a variable length hydraulic link between the plungers. The fluid is drained from the chamber through a drain passage at the end of the injection cycle. The timing chamber has associated with it a mechanism for changing the effective flow function of the drain passage, at a point in the cycle following fuel injection, to maintain a large downward pressure on the lower plunger to hold the lower plunger down and thus prevent additional, undesired fuel flow into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An improved high pressure fuel injector for internal combustion engines of the type having a plunger assembly, with a plurality of plungers, that is mounted within a central bore within the body of the fuel injector for reciprocal movement, the plunger assembly having an upper plunger and a lower plunger mounted for reciprocal motion within the central bore and a variable volume injection chamber in said lower end of the central bore between the injection orifice and a bottom end of the lower plunger. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the problem of large quantities of air being drawn into the injector from the combustion chamber during the retraction stroke injection stroke is avoided by limiting the return stroke of the lower plunger to a distance that is significantly less than that of the stroke of the upper plunger of the plunger assembly.

Abstract: A pressure responsive spring valve which is able to function at high pressures and temperatures, and can attain a high degree of precision control in a minimum of space, as well as an improved high pressure fuel injector for internal combustion engines which uses such a spring valve to achieve the demanding performance characteristics of the more complex new injector designs within limited space requirements. In all cases, a band-like spring valve member is used to reduce the number of parts and the space requirements therefor relative to that required for a coil spring type pressure control valve.

Abstract: A high pressure unit fuel injector includes a timing chamber formed between upper and lower plungers of the injector for controlling the timing of injection. A timing chamber relief valve is provided for performing at least one of the functions of (1) draining timing fluid from the timing chamber during an injection stroke responsive to pressure in the timing chamber for maximizing the pressure of fuel in the injection chamber under low speed operating conditions without exceeding a pressure capability of the injector under high speed operating conditions, and (2) for collapsing the timing chamber in a controlled manner at termination of injection so as to prevent secondary injection from occurring. The relief valve structure is wholly formed above the lower plunger, preferably within the upper plunger above the timing chamber. Thereby, assembly and maintenance operations on the valve are facilitated.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector assembly (88) periodically injects fuel of a variable quantity on a cycle to cycle basis as a function of the pressure of fuel supplied to the injector from a source of fuel and at a variable time during each cycle as a function of the pressure of the timing fluid supplied to the injector from a source of timing fluid. A reciprocating plunger assembly (146) is received within the injector body (106) and includes an upper plunger section (148), a lower plunger section (150) and an intermediate plunger section (152) in order to define a variable volume timing chamber (138), a variable volume injection chamber (162) and a variable volume compensation chamber (176).

Abstract: A fuel injection system for internal combustion engines, having a pump chamber defined by the pump piston and a pressure chamber adapted to communicate with the injection nozzle; and further including an intermediate piston disposed between the two work chambers, in which during the compression stroke of the intermediate piston a throttle conduit which branches off from the pump chamber can be opened, in order to allow some of the fluid to flow out of the pump chamber while leaving the injection quantity located in the pressure chamber unchanged, to thereby attain a lengthening of the injection duration.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector is disclosed to be used in a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine wherein each unit injector is operated independently from one another and in synchronization with the internal combustion engine. Specifically, the unit injector in accordance with the present invention includes a reciprocating plunger assembly within the unit injector that controls fuel metering as well as fuel injection, and a valve device positioned between a minor diameter plunger section and a cup of the unit injector so as to permit fuel flow in one direction for fuel injection and to restrict flow of gases in the opposite direction. The valve device effectively reduces carbon build-up on the injector surfaces and increases injector longevity while reducing maintenance. Moreover, fuel metering is accurately controlled without substantial carboning flow losses.

Abstract: A fuel injection device having a fuel pump and an injection line connected to a pump work chamber and communicating with an injection nozzle via an interposed closing valve which closes toward the pump work chamber. Via the injection end of a magnetic control valve connected to the pump work chamber fuel can be supplied under pressure to the side of the closing valve remote from the pump work chamber and in which again via this closing valve, a connection to a return line can be opened. The actuating element of the closing valve closes toward the pump work chamber and is embodied as a differential piston including a first face which under pressure is urged in a closing direction and is larger than the effective fluid pressure surface area of a second face which urges the valve closing element in the opening direction.

Abstract: A pump nozzle for a diesel engine, in which an injection pump element including a pump piston driven by a cam-shaft and a bushing is combined with an injection nozzle to a unit provide be associated with a motor cylinder. The pump piston is surrounded by an axially shiftable control sleeve controlling the begin of fuel injection in dependence on its axial position. A regulating member is guided on the pump element body for rotation relative to the control sleeve in dependence on an operating parameter of the motor. The control sleeve or the regulating member has a race which has, as seen in a top plan view, a circular shape and including with a normal plane extending in normal relation to the pump piston at least partially a pitch angle. A guide element which is rigidly connected with the respective other part (i.e. the regulating member or the control sleeve cooperates with this race.

Abstract: The invention provides means for controlling the rate of fuel injection of an accumulator injector of the type employing a pressure amplifying piston assembly. In one form of the invention, the injection rate is controlled by restricting the pressure decay in the amplifier chamber. In another form of the invention, means are provided for delaying the full opening of the injector valve needle after an initial valve opening.

Abstract: An accumulator type of fuel injection nozzle including an improved arrangement for slidably supporting the actuator end of the injection valve within the control chamber that controls the opening and closing of the injection valve. This is accomplished by providing a closure plate that has a large diameter bore that supports an enlarged diameter end portion of the injection valve. The bore is closed by a slidably supported supporting plate that has a smaller diameter bore which engages the control valve adjacent its larger diameter portion and slidably supports it.

Abstract: A gasoline unit injector comprising an outer, electrically conductive bellows, defining a variable volume fluid chamber, for reciprocating a piston within a pressure chamber to increase the fuel pressure in various downstream cavities. Various bellows are disposed within such chambers and are deformable in response to the increased pressure, the bellows are operative to control the rate at which fuel flows out from a metering orifice upon activation of a coil assembly.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector is modified for use with low lubricity, low viscosity fuels by the following: providing a replaceable, deformable fluid seal between the brushing and the injector body; providing a drain conduit extending through both the bushing and the injector body which connects a fluid collecting cavity in the bore of the bushing to an exterior drain outlet; providing a pair of non-galling materials respectively on the plunger and bushing; providing diametrically symmetrical fuel ports on the bushing; providing a diametrically symmetrical metering groove arrangement on the plunger; and increasing the spray tip orifices to provide approximately a 20% increase in fuel discharge rate.

Abstract: A piezoelectric control valve, for motor fuel injection via an injection valve, includes a hydraulic play-compensation element inside the control valve on the one side, which automatically compensates for possible changes in length of the reference system as a result of piezoceramic setting actions in the piezoelectric actuator so that, at the same working stroke of the piezoelectric actuator, an identical stroke at the valve is also always ensured. A hydraulic stroke transmission inside the control valve on the other side, provide a valve stroke corresponding to a multiple of the working stroke.

Abstract: In an apparatus for generating pre-injection quantities in unit fuel injectors for Diesel engines, including a pre-injection slide that generates a pronounced pressure intensification for a pre-injection in a pressure chamber closed off with respect to the high-pressure side and opens towards the injection line is slidably supported in a guide bore. The pre-injection slide is exposed to the injection pressure of an element chamber in such a way that after the execution of a partial stroke, which is responsible for the pre-injection quantity, upon further movement the pre-injection pressure chamber is opened toward the element chamber and thereby relieved, and by the ensuing movement of the pre-injection slide until the end of the stroke, a pre-determinable capacity that enables an injection pause is formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an accumulator fuel injector for a diesel engine, the device including first and second accumulators which are connected through a check valve and a relief valve. Fuel pressurized and delivered by a fuel injection pump is charged into the first accumulator so as to increase its pressure abruptly. When the fuel pressure in the first accumulator reaches a selected relief pressure, the fuel is charged into the second accumulator through the check valve and is accumulated therein. When fuel injection is started by opening of an injection valve, the fuel accumulated in the first accumulator is injected through the injection valve and at the same time the fuel accumulated in the second accumulator flows out to the first accumulator through the relief valve so as to also be injected through the injection valve.

Abstract: A gasoline unit injector comprising an outer, electrically conductive bellows, defining a variable volume fluid chamber, for reciprocating a piston within a pressure chamber to increase the fuel pressure in various downstream cavities. Various bellows are disposed within such chambers and are deformable in response to the increased pressure, the bellows are operative to control the rate at which fuel flows out from a metering orifice upon activation of a coil assembly.

Abstract: An air-assist fuel injection nozzle has an externally actuated plunger journaled for axial movement in the cylinder provided in a nozzle body. The plunger tip contains a central stepped bore which slidably supports a spring bias injection needle valve therein. The plunger, when it is in a raised position, allows a valve controlled supply passage to deliver a metered quantity of liquid fuel into a chamber defined by the cylinder and the valve and of the plunger. The cylinder at the chamber end is closeable by a gas valve disk which in turn has a central aperture defining a discharge passage flow through which is controlled by the inward opening injection needle valve.

Abstract: A fuel injector of the open nozzle type, which is capable of achieving SAC pressures in excess of 30,000 psi during injection. The injector assembly of the preferred embodiments includes a plunger assembly having three plungers arranged to form a hydraulic, variable timing fluid chamber between upper and intermediate plungers and an injection chamber below a lower plunger. To prevent leakage from the injection chamber, the fuel supply passage is provided, along with the injection chamber, within a one-piece injector cup and a predetermined minimum seal length, at commencement of injection, between a land portion of an injection plunger and a wall surface defined by a bore of the injector within which it reciprocates is coordinated to the dimensions of the bore below the land and a predetermined maximum solid fuel height for the injector to result in the minimum seal length being at least one-half of the maximum solid fuel height.

Abstract: A fuel injector (10) is provided for each cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the injector including an electronically operated control valve (146) disposed between supply passage 42 and a timing chamber (98) to control the admission of fuel into and out of the timing chamber. A primary pumping plunger (62) and a secondary plunger (90) are axially spaced within the central bore of the injection body, and a normally closed injection nozzle (14) is situated at one end of the injector body. A mechanical linkage (27, 28, 30) associated with the camshaft of the engine drives the primary pumping plunger (62) against the bias of a main spring (18). The timing chamber (98) is defined between the plungers (62, 90) and a metering chamber (128) is defined between the secondary plunger (90) and the nozzle (14).

Abstract: An air-assist fuel injection nozzle has an externally actuated needle plunger journaled for axial movement in the cylinder provided in a nozzle body. The needle plunger tip contains a central blind bore which communicates with discharge passages and with a supply passage, the latter, when the needle plunger is in a raised position, communicate with a valve controlled supply passage to receive a metered quantity of liquid fuel. Upon downward movement of the needle plunger a predetermined axial extent, the discharge passages come into flow communication with corresponding discharge orifices provided in the nozzle body. A central pedestal or pin upstanding from the lower closed end of the nozzle body substantially fills the blind bore in the needle plunger during the injection process in order to minimize the total clearance volume.

Abstract: The unit fuel injector has a pump piston driven at a constant stroke length, which pumps fuel at injection pressure to an injection nozzle as long as an electrically actuated overflow valve blocks the flow of the fuel flowing from the pump work chamber to a low-pressure chamber via an overflow conduit. The overflow valve is inserted between a first section which communicates continuously with the pump work chamber and a second section leading to the low-pressure chamber of the overflow conduit and is secured to a housing part laterally projecting from the pump housing. The first section of the overflow conduit comprises a connecting bore leading away from the pump work chamber, a control conduit controlled by the overflow valve, and a transverse conduit connecting these two.

Abstract: An electronically controlled fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine. The timing of the commencement of fuel injection into each combustion chamber is not fixed relative to the rotational position of the camshaft or other engine components. A unit injector assembly associated with each combustion chamber includes a control module and an accumulator type injector module. The control module contains a solenoid valve and, in some embodiments, a hydraulic pressure intensifier. The accumulator type injector module contains an injector nozzle, a hydraulic accumulator, and a non-return valve for admitting liquid fuel under pressure into the accumulator. In operation, an electrical control system supplies an electrical signal to the control module an appreciable portion of the engine cycle in advance of the time when fuel injection is to be initiated in the particular combustion chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine having engine cylinders includes a fuel tank, fuel supply pumps and fuel injection units. Each fuel injection unit comprises a cylinder, a plunger reciprocable in the cylinder by the engine, pump chamber defined between the cylinder and the plunger and receiving fuel from the fuel supply pump, an injection nozzle communicating with the pump chamber and a timing port formed in the cylinder. The fuel injection apparatus further includes a timing passage connecting the timing port with the fuel tank and a control valve. The control valve comprises a control chamber, a control valve body movable between the open and closed positions in the control chamber for controlling fuel injection, a spring urging the control valve body towards the closed position and a timing chamber formed adjacent the control chamber in the fuel injection unit for receiving fuel to move the control valve body towards the closed position.

Abstract: A unit injector having a mechanically driven piston and a remotely situated metering piston situated in a bore. The interplunger volume defining a timing chamber and the volume below the metering piston defining a metering chamber. The injector further including a single electrically responsive valve for controlling the functions of injection timing and fuel metering and a single dump port fabricated in the walls of the bore for relieving the fuel pressure on the timing chamber which correspondingly permits the pressure of fuel in the metering chamber to be decreased.

Abstract: A nozzle for injecting fuel premixed with air into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine cylinder. Included is a piston reciprocably mounted in a nozzle body to define in combination with the nozzle body an air chamber for receiving compressed air from the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder and a fuel chamber for receiving fuel from a fuel injection pump. Formed integral with the piston, a needle valve is adapted to open and close spray holes opening to the combustion chamber. Formed in the piston is a passage having a check valve mounted therein for allowing air to pass from the air chamber to the fuel chamber.Thus, upon descent of the piston at the end of the compression stroke, the fuel is intimately premixed with the compressed air from the air chamber, prior to the introduction into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A nozzle for the air injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine cylinder. Included is a plunger reciprocably mounted in a nozzle body to define an air chamber for receiving compressed air from the combustion chamber during the compression stroke of the piston in the engine cylinder. Formed integral with the plunger, a needle valve defines within the nozzle body a fuel chamber for receiving fuel to be injected. A nozzle tip secured to the nozzle body founds a premixing chamber open directly to the combustion chamber and further in communication with both air chamber and fuel chamber. Thus, upon descent of the plunger at the end of the compression stroke, the fuel from the fuel chamber is intimately premixed in the premixing chamber with the compressed air from the air chamber, prior to introduction into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A diesel fuel injector having two separate annular or annulus-to-annulus dumps for providing a variable and a fixed orifice rapidly and controllably terminating injection and for controlling the impact velocity of the injector's intensifier piston against a mating stop. The injector further includes a middle chamber that is always connected to a low pressure vent to permit the collection and diversion of leakage fuel away from the middle chamber. The intensifier piston includes an upper member that is received within a stepped bore. The intensifier piston is loosely received within a lower member to permit relative motion therebetween for preventing the gall-up of the intensifier piston against the walls of the cooperating stepped bore.

Abstract: A diesel fuel injector having two separate annular or annulus-to-annulus dumps for providing a variable and a fixed orifice rapidly and controllably terminating injection and for controlling the impact velocity of the injector's intensifier piston against a mating stop. The injector further includes a middle chamber that is always connected to a low pressure vent to permit the collection and diversion of leakage fuel away from the middle chamber. The intensifier piston includes an upper member that is received within a stepped bore. The intensifier piston is loosely received within a lower member to permit relative motion therebetween for preventing the gall-up of the intensifier piston against the walls of the cooperating stepped bore.

Abstract: A cam driven fuel injector comprising: a body defining a bore; a driven or pumping piston reciprocatively situated with the bore; a metering piston reciprocatively positioned within the bore remote from the pumping piston; and a metering chamber defined in the bore below the metering piston. A spring is situated within a cavity or spring cage remote from the bore and a nozzle extends into the spring cage in biasing engagement with the spring to urge it to a closed position during non-injecting periods. The injector further including means for dumping the fuel within the metering chamber to the supply through the spring cage in correspondence with the motion of the metering piston; and for stabilizing the pressure force exerted on the nozzle, during the dumping portion of operation, by the fuel within the spring cage with the pressure force exerted on the nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, comprising cylinder which has a delivery plunger slidable therein, an injection plunger which is hydraulically actuated by the delivery plunger and which defines an injection pump chamber, a timing plunger which defines a timing pump chamber selectively connected to a drain and which is hydraulically actuated by the delivery plunger to control the connection of the timing pump chamber to the drain, a controllable electromagnetic control valve, balance timing orifice, non-return valve, fuel passage and metering groove feeding the fuel into the injection and timing pump chambers, and nozzle for injecting the fuel delivered by the injection pump chamber, the injection plunger and timing plunger being axially displaced by the fuel fed into the respective pump chambers, in directions opposite to the directions of the movement of the two plungers caused by the delivery plunger, through a stroke in proportion to the amount of the fed fuel.

Abstract: A nozzle is disclosed for the air injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine cylinder. The nozzle includes a piston reciprocably mounted in the nozzle body to define therein a premixing chamber to be placed in and out of communication with the combustion chamber via spray holes at the tip of the nozzle body. Slidably fitted at one end in an axial bore in the piston, a needle valve is sprung to normally close the spray holes with its other end. Toward the end of the compression stroke of the piston, the mixture of fuel and air trapped in the premixing chamber acts on the needle valve to cause same to open the spray holes against the bias of the spring and thus is injected into the combustion chamber. The spring serves to cause the needle valve to firmly close the spray holes immediately upon full injection of the fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: A fuel pump-injector unitary assembly comprises a plunger slidable in a bore and provided with a longitudinal passage-way, in combination with a metering ring surrounding the plunger and housed in an annular chamber of the injector body. The plunger is movable into a first or upper postion in which fuel is admitted into the lower part of the injector bore through an inlet port, and a second or lower position in which the tapered lower end of the plunger obturates fuel spray nozzles provided at the bottom of the bore. Fuel metering results from the cooperation of an inclined ramp of the ring with a fuel discharge duct transversely extending through the plunger and connected with the longitudinal passage-way thereof. Relative rotation of the metering ring and of the plunger permits adjustment of the injected fuel charge.

Abstract: For the injection of premixed fuel and air into a diesel engine cylinder, a nozzle assembly has a piston reciprocably mounted in a nozzle body to define a premixing chamber therein. Fuel and air are delivered into this premixing chamber through respective ports which are simultaneously covered and uncovered by the piston. Extending through the premixing chamber, a stepped plunger has one end slidably fitted in a bore in the piston to define a pressure chamber therein for exerting a decreasing air pressure on the plunger and has the other end arranged for movement out of and back into the nozzle body for spraying the fuel-air mixture from the premixing chamber through spray holes formed therein. During the stroke of the piston to compress the fuel-air mixture trapped in the premixing chamber, the compressed mixture acts on the step of the plunger to hold same retracted in the nozzle body against the decreasing air pressure in the pressure chamber.

Abstract: Fuel injection apparatus often uses valves which rapidly move in a start and stop motion for the purpose of starting and stopping injection. Undesirable inertial forces result from such start-stop movement of the valves. To limit such undesirable forces, a pair of valves (72,92) are provided for continuous rotation for starting and stopping injection.

Abstract: A fuel injector (10) is provided for each cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the injector including an electronically operated control valve (146) disposed between supply passage 42 and a timing chamber (98) to control the admission of fuel into and out of the timing chamber. A primary pumping plunger (62) and a secondary plunger (90) are axially spaced within the central bore of the injection body, and a normally closed injection nozzle (14) is situated at one end of the injector body. A mechanical linkage (27, 28, 30) associated with the camshaft of the engine drives the primary pumping plunger (62) against the bias of a main spring (18). The timing chamber (98) is defined between the plungers (62, 90) and a metering chamber (128) is defined between the secondary plunger (90) and the nozzle (14).

Abstract: A fuel injector (10) is provided for each cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the injector including an electronically operated control valve (146) disposed between supply passage (42) and a timing chamber (98) to control the admission of fuel into and out of the timing chamber. A primary pumping plunger (62) and a secondary plunger (90) are axially spaced within the central bore of the injection body, and a normally closed injection nozzle (14) is situated at one end of the injector body. A mechanical linkage (27, 28, 30) associated with the camshaft of the engine drives the primary pumping plunger (62) against the bias of a main spring (18). The timing chamber (98) is defined between the plungers (62, 90) and a metering chamber (128) is defined between the secondary plunger (90) and the nozzle (14).

Abstract: A fuel injection system (10) for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes a multi-way valve (30), a solenoid (42) for controlling the operation of the valve, a shuttle valve (38) that is moved within a shuttle chamber (37) in response to the change of state of the solenoid, and an intensifier piston (62) having an upper cylinder (62) movable within actuating chamber (49) and a lower cylinder (66) movable within metering chamber 50. The position of the shuttle valve, in turn, regulates the admission of pressurized fuel from a high pressure pump (152) into the actuating chamber (49) to drive the intensifier piston in a first direction. The lower cylinder 66 of the piston 62 is movable within the metering chamber (50) to amplify the pressure of the fuel to a level several times greater than supply pressure prior to introducing same into a fuel injector (78) for discharge into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An improvement to a building temperature thermostat is disclosed that automatically reschedules desired building temperatures. The scheduled temperature is adjusted based on time, the period of time to a desired target temperature, outside temperature, the heat capacity of the heater and the effective heat holding capacity of the structure. A variable rate of set point adjustment for warm up is detailed.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is disclosed for an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder and a piston operating therein to define with the cylinder head a combustion chamber wherein air is compressed while the piston is moving to one end of its stroke. The system has pressurizing means adjacent the combustion chamber which suddenly further compresses in a compression chamber a small part of the air precompressed in the combustion chamber to a substantially higher pressure and temperature than the peak pressure and temperature of air in the combustion chamber. Fuel feed means supplies fuel to the compression chamber, and nozzle means is operative to substantially confine the air in the compression chamber during its compression and to discharge the compressed air-fuel mixture as a jet into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine includes a fuel injection nozzle having a fuel pressure operable valve member which is moved by fuel under pressure delivered by an injection pump to allow fuel to flow through an outlet to the engine. The system also includes a pump for applying a pressure to assist closure of the valve member, the fluid pressure being adjustable in accordance with the speed of the pump and the setting of a quantity control member which determines the amount of fuel supplied by the injection pump.

Abstract: An electronically controlled fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine. The timing of the commencement of fuel injection into each combustion chamber is not fixed relative to the rotational position of the camshaft or other engine components. A unit injector assembly associated with each combustion chamber includes a control module and an accumulator type injector module. The control module contains a solenoid valve and, in some embodiments, a hydraulic pressure intensifier. The accumulator type injector module contains an injector nozzle, a hydraulic accumulator, and a non-return valve for admitting liquid fuel under pressure into the accumulator. In operation, an electrical control system supplies an electrical signal to the control module an appreciable portion of the engine cycle in advance of the time when fuel injection is to be initiated in the particular combustion chamber.