Abstract: A milling installation and a corresponding method for the milling and/or crushing of granular fruits or the like provide optimized closed-loop and open-loop control. A central closed-loop and open-loop control apparatus provides the optimized control of the milling installation. Memory-programmable controllers are connected bidirectionally via network interfaces to the central closed-loop and open-loop control apparatus and/or addressed and controlled by transmitted control parameters. The control apparatus controls centrally, in particular in a web-based manner, the processing apparatuses of different passages of the same or different mills. During the generation of the control parameters, a distinction is drawn between passage-specific and environment-specific management/operating parameters.

Abstract: A method of controlling coffee density exiting from a coffee densifier is disclosed. The method includes the steps of feeding a ground coffee into a mixing chamber having a discharge door. A mixer motor load on a mixer motor driving mixing members agitating the ground coffee in the mixing chamber is measured. The discharge door is moved when the mixer motor load is outside a predefined mixer motor load operating range.

Abstract: A system and method for preparing a sample of seeds or representative seed portions are provided. In various embodiments, the system and method include a force applying member and a seed container that includes at least one compartment containing a seed. The force applying member is configured to apply a force to the seed so as to break the seed into two or more seed particles, which in some embodiments may be collected in a seed particle collector. The present invention improves on the prior art by greatly reducing (and in some embodiments eliminating) the manual processes typically involved in generating tissue samples from seeds and preparing the tissue for genetic analysis. Additionally, the present invention is scaleable, and can be configured to generate samples from many seeds in a short period of time. The present invention also minimizes the risk of contamination and cross-contamination of the seed particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for whole-grain conditioning, in particular of native and malted brewing cereals. To improve the mashing process and to increase the number of brews and product quality, the brewing cereals are conditioned and subsequently fed to a hulling and/or mechanical comminution process.

Abstract: A corn milling process comprising fracturing corn kernels into relatively large particles, and passing the fractured particles between a pair of counter-rotating rollers, each of which presents fine corrugations of the type that normally characterizes the end of a differential corn milling process. The ratio of the roll speeds between the differential rollers is between approximately 1.1-1.4:1. The rollers are spaced apart a distance to grind the endosperm portion of the corn kernel particles while avoiding substantial penetration of the roller corrugations into the germ portion of the particles thereby separating the germ and endosperm portions without reducing the size of the germ.

Abstract: A method for fractionating whole kernel corn into bran, germ and endosperm fractions. Corn (tempered or non-tempered) is processed through an impact mill and through a screener to divide the initial feed stream into two or more flows or substreams. The substreams or portions thereof may be further processed through a plurality of aspirators, roller mills and screeners to provide bran, germ and endosperm fractions of desired purity levels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for husking and degerminating grains of maize. The aim of the invention is to provide an efficient and simple degermination of maize. To this end, during a wet degermination process, cleaned maize is wetted, and then husked and degerminated, and directly supplied to the comminution stage.

Abstract: A method for fractionating whole kernel corn into bran, germ and endosperm fractions. Corn (tempered or non-tempered) is processed through an impact mill and through a screener to divide the initial feed stream into two or more flows or substreams. The substreams or portions thereof may be further processed through a plurality of aspirators, roller mills and screeners to provide bran, germ and endosperm fractions of desired purity levels.

Abstract: This disclosure provides for materials and methods for converting biomass to biofuels. The materials include a colloid mill with or without cellulase enzymes, and the methods include the use of a colloid mill and optionally cellulose enzymes to pretreat biomass for use in a biomass to biofuel production process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for separating a mixture, made of particles of a first particle type and a second particle type, especially aleurone particles and shell particles made of comminuted bran, said particles being scarcely distinguishable in terms of size and density, into various types of particles. Separation occurs according to particle-type specific triboelectric charging of said particles in a first active area and subsequent separation of the differently charged moving particles in an electric field.

Abstract: It is an object of this invention to efficiently recycle a plastic resin material used in a process cartridge. To achieve this object, in a method of recycling a plastic material of a process cartridge, the process cartridge is crushed in a crushing step while particles such as toner are collected by suction, particles including toner are further separated in a screening step, metal materials are separated in a magnetic selection step, a drum magnetic selection step, and an eddy current step, particles including toner and foreign matter are separated in an air selection step, a secondary crushing step, a peeling step, and a dry gravity separation step, and a plastic material having a specific density is separated in a color selection step.

Abstract: Site-won spoil from an excavation which is a predominantly non-granular cohesive material can be converted into a material suitable for immediate use as a backfill material by a process of mechanically mixing the spoil with between 0 and 30% by weight or volume of added granular material and between 1 and 10% by weight or volume of a powder material comprising 1-5% lime or with the additon of 1-5% cement and/or 1-5% pulverised fly ash. The process works well with clay soils and the range of suitable spoil can be extended by adding cement to the powder material. The proportions in the mixture are chosen in dependence on the clay and moisture content of the spoil. A machine which can be set to mix the ingredients and water in the correct proportions on site is also described.

Abstract: Device for milling food products, including two separate milling passages and a sifting member (18, 19) interposed between the two milling passages. The sifting member (18, 19) includes a rotating member (18) which affects the product that leaves the first milling passage so as to propel it against a screening surface (19). The apparatus uses a plurality of devices and the method uses the device.

Abstract: When compacting particulate material, such as granular or powdery material, the same is fed to a first section which determines the compaction degree. In a second section, the weight/volume ratio is further increased so that it determines further the ultimate compaction degree. Optionally the compaction degree is controlled a third time within a third section which is normally the final section. In order to influence and to control the compaction degree at least in the first and second sections, energy can be absorbed by means of separate drives within these sections.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating kenaf into fiber and core uses a modified stick machine conventionally used in the cotton industry for removing trash from unginned cotton. Lengths of kenaf are delivered onto the periphery of a saw cylinder so the toothed wheels snag the fiber and draw the kenaf across a grate. Core is detached from the fiber, passes through the grate and is delivered to a core outlet. Fiber on the toothed wheels are removed by a doffing wheel and delivered to a fiber outlet. Multiple saw cylinder/doffing wheel assemblies are provided.

Abstract: A ground oat-based cereal provides a nutritional, hot meal with improved flavor, textural taste, and keeping qualities. That is, the ground oat cereal maintains its consistency and heat over a longer period of time than conventional oatmeal. The oat-based cereal includes ground and sifted oat granules of which 27%-33% by weight have sizes greater than generally about 0.08 inches, and 67%-73% by weight have sizes ranging between generally about 0.04 inches and generally about 0.08 inches. Whole oat groats are roll cut and sifted to produce the oat-based cereal. The density of the oat portion of the cereal ranges between 28-34 lbs/cu. ft.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a new method for producing milled grain products such as flour, semolina, middlings, etc., wherein the material is repeatedly ground by means of rolls and sifted with the system of advanced milling. It is suggested that the material be guided again at least twice via double-roll grinding stages with sifting between the double grindings, wherein the material is sifted in each instance following the double grinding. In an especially preferred manner, a corresponding new mill with at least two double-grinding passes is preferably constructed as an 8-roll mechanism (70). In an especially preferred manner. The new mill comprises a combination of eight- (70) and four-roll mechanisms (142, 151). A screening surface which is at least 20 to 50% larger is used for the double grinding.

Abstract: In a method for producing milled grain products by means of repeated roll grinding and sifting of specific product fractions, the material to be milled is at least partially guided via double-grinding passes without intermediate sifting. An eight-roll mill is used for this purpose, which eight-roll mill is constructed as a double unit with two roll pairs arranged at a distance one above the other and can be used in quantity in a grain milling system or also in combination with single-grinding passes constructed as four-roll mills. Compared with the use of known four-roll mills, the economic efficiency of a mill is accordingly improved while completely retaining the adaptability of the mill to specific grinding tasks, the quality of the material to be milled and/or the ability to monitor the grinding process.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method is disclosed for processing wheat to produce white flour by substantially removing the bran layer from the endosperm and germ portions of the wheat grain and grinding the resulting wheat product to a relatively fine state in a roll and classification train that is much simpler than prior milling equipment. Thirteen grinds with intermediate sifting are replaced with one flattening and four grinding stations and three sifts. The initially tempered wheat is passed between spaced, smooth surfaced compression rolls which flatten the wheat grains and then directed between corrugated spiral breaking rolls rotated at different rotational rates with each roll having at least 20 surface corrugations per circumferential inch. The comminuted product is then directed between corrugated spiral grinding rolls rotated at different rotational rates and each having at least 26 corrugations per circumferential inch.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a new method for the production of a starch raw material for subsequently obtaining pure starch from wheat, rye, corn or barley. Fractions of starch which is damaged as little as possible are produced by means of roller grinding and sifting devices. The material is ground repeatedly and sifted with the system of advanced milling, wherein it is suggested in particular to guide the material two to five times via double-grinding stages without sifting between the double grindings. Sifting is effected subsequent to the double grinding. The invention also concerns a starch milling system which comprises two to five double-grinding passes with two grinding-roll pairs which are connected one after the other and are preferably constructed as an eight-roll mill.

Abstract: A grain grinding system includes a polishing machine for polishing grains, and roll mills and sifters for repeatedly mill and sift the polished grains to provide a flour having a desired mesh size. A moisture adding device is provided for adding moisture to the grains milled in at least one of the roll mills, thereby maintaining the grains in a suitably moistened condition during the milling operation.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method is disclosed for processing wheat to produce white flour by substantially removing the bran layer from the endosperm and germ portions of the wheat grain and grinding the resulting wheat product to a relatively fine state in a roll and classification train that is much simpler than prior milling equipment. Thirteen grinds with intermediate sifting are replaced with one flattening and four grinding stations and three sifts. The initially tempered wheat is passed between spaced, smooth surfaced compression rolls which flatten the wheat grains and then directed between corrugated spiral breaking rolls rotated at different rotational rates with each roll having at least 20 surface corrugations per circumferential inch. The comminuted product is then directed between corrugated spiral grinding rolls rotated at different rotational rates and each having at least 26 corrugations per circumferential inch.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a new method for producing milled grain products such as flour, semolina, middlings etc., wherein the material is repeatedly ground by means of rolls and sifted with the system of advanced milling. It is suggested that the material be guided again at least twice via double-roll grinding stages with sifting between the double grindings, wherein the material is sifted in each instance following the double grinding. In an especially preferred manner, a corresponding new mill with at least two double-grinding passes is preferably constructed as an 8-roll mechanism (70). In an especially preferred manner, the new mill comprises a combination of eight- (70) and four-roll mechanisms (142, 152). A screening surface which is at least 20 to 50% larger is used for the double grinding.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for continuously chopping, pulverizing and mixing edible material such as animal or fish meat which involves continuously chopping square-shaped frozen blocks of the material and adding thereto sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride or sodium caseinate, mixing and pulverizing the resultant mixture and adding an emulsifying agent thereto to prepare an emulsion. The method is further applicable to chopping, pulverizing and mixing beans by continuously chopping square-shaped frozen blocks of coarsely ground beans and pulverizing the chopped material.

Abstract: An absorbent cellulose product and method of making the product. Preferably chaff and pith corncob components form the cellulose starting material which is reduced, pelletized, crumbled and classified to produce a granular product of compact bodies having irregular surfaces.

Abstract: A device for grinding and separating grains, in particular for grinding malt, consisting of at least two roll packages (4, 5, 6) in the form of, with respect to their forces, self-contained units arranged vertically above each other on load-bearing columns (2) of a machine housing (3), and of a pair of screen units (7, 8) oscillating above the lowermost roll package (6) in opposite direction in a horizontal plane and thus with little vibration with respect to the overall device. The screen units are articulated on the machine housing (3) by relatively short levers (27', 29, 31', 33) into which the drive forces for the vibratory equipment are introduced from the center of the machine in such a manner that all rotating parts of the drive (9) are located outside the dusty screen space.

Abstract: A process for producing a slurry of a pulverized carbonaceous material having a predetermined particle size distribution with a certain average particle size and a certain maximum particle size is described.

Abstract: A gun-target apparatus and method for producing silicon seed particles from silicon feed particles comprising accelerating silicon feed particles from a container and propelling them into a silicon target in a target chamber. The target is movable within said chamber so that a different portion of the silicon target is exposed to the oncoming seeds. The seeds are accumulated in a receiver and separated from silicon dust and larger feed particles.

Abstract: For the production of plate shaped fuel elements for material testing and research reactors with highly enriched uranium recently there has been needed U.sub.3 O.sub.8 fuels which have a high density, high strength and a small open porosity. Such fuels are obtained if U.sub.3 O.sub.8 powder produced in known manner is first compressed mechanically to molded bodies of any shape, then processed to a granulate having a size of fuel grains below 200.mu. and subsequently sintered to high density particles, preferably at 1370.degree..+-.50.degree. C.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for milling cereal in a milling plant having a control device, such as a computer device, for controlling various process elements of the plant and the operative parameters of those process elements, in which the characteristics of the material to be milled are established together with the characteristics of the required finished product and from those characteristics desired operating parameter values for one or more selected process elements are determined bearing in mind the characteristics of the process elements of the plant, and those parameter values are stored in the control device to be used as control signals for the process elements, and in which such control signals are determined and stored in groups associated with required combinations of material and finished product characteristics, and an appropriate group of parameter values is selected by means of the control device to provide process control signals for controlling the operative parameters of said pro

Abstract: A continuous process for preparing finely divided thin, bright metal particles which comprises applying a release coating to at least one side of a carrier sheet, depositing a metal film of from 350 to 450 angstroms thickness onto the release coating solubilizing the release coating, removing the metal film from the carrier sheet, and breaking the thin metal film into particles having a diameter of between 25 to 50 microns.

Abstract: A process for the separation of dehulled oats into fractions differing in composition is disclosed. The process comprises admixing comminuted dehulled oats with a solvent for oat oil and separating the admixture into at least two fractions, the solid components of which differ in composition. The comminuted oats used in the process are oats that have been comminuted by passing dehulled oats between at least one pair of rollers spaced apart at a distance of not more than 0.75 mm. Preferably at least one pair of rollers is spaced apart at a distance of 0.025-0.25 mm. The rollers may be smooth-surfaced or rough-surfaced rollers. The process is useful in the separation of a variety of products e.g. endosperm, bran and oil, from oats.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a new method for the production of a starch raw material for subsequently obtaining pure starch from wheat, rye, corn or barley. Fractions of starch which is damaged as little as possible are produced by means of roller grinding and sifting devices. The material is ground repeatedly and sifted with the system of advanced milling, wherein it is suggested in particular to guide the material two to five times via double-grinding stages without sifting between the double grindings. Sifting is effected subsequent to the double grinding. The invention also concerns a starch milling system which comprises two to five double-grinding passes with two grinding-roll pairs which are connected one after the other and are preferably constructed as an eight-roll mill.