Abstract: A mechanochemical reactor includes an outer shell. A first plate is slidably disposed within the tubular outer shell at a first end of the tubular outer shell and a second plate is slidably disposed within the tubular outer shell at a second end of the tubular outer shell, the second end being opposite the first end. A linearly-reciprocating mill is disposed within the tubular outer shell between the first plate and the second plate. A first electromagnet is operatively coupled to the first plate so as to establish a position and a holding force of the first plate within the tubular outer shell, and a second electromagnet is operatively coupled to the second plate so as to establish a position and a holding force of the second plate within the tubular outer shell.

Abstract: A grinding mill for pulverizing material includes a platform having an upper surface and defining a recess having a floor, the recess configured to seat a dish in which the material is disposed, and a movable securing frame that is movably connected with the platform, the frame including a lift support having an upper surface that is movable along a path from a first location that is beneath the floor of the recess, through the recess, to a second location that is coplanar with the upper surface of the platform. A motor configured to cause oscillation of the platform and the movable securing frame can be used. A method of using the grinding mill can include placing a dish above a recess defined by an upper surface of a platform, and lowering the frame with respect to the platform, thereby seating the dish within the recess.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices, apparatuses, and methods for generating a reciprocating motion for the purpose of grinding or homogenizing samples. An apparatus includes a connecting linkage that extends along a longitudinal axis. The apparatus includes a sample vial holder attached to the connecting linkage. The apparatus includes a crank operatively connected to the proximal end of the connecting linkage, the crank configured to impart rotational motion to the proximal end of the connecting linkage. The apparatus includes a sliding carriage operatively connected to the distal end of the connecting linkage, the sliding carriage configured to restrict the distal end of the connecting linkage to a linear path. The apparatus includes a motor operatively connected to the crank to rotate the crank such that the sample vial holder, in use, moves with a combination of rotational and linear motion.

Abstract: Apparatus and system of components to mechanically exfoliate particulate materials using a multi-axis approach to deliver predetermined forces to a particulate material, including containers to hold particulate material and media, also including media, and, the associated parameters for operating such equipment along with methods and compositions provided by the apparatus and methods.

Abstract: Apparatus and system of components to mechanically exfoliate particulate materials using a multi-axis approach to deliver predetermined forces to a particulate material, including containers to hold particulate material and media, also including media, and, the associated parameters for operating such equipment along with methods and compositions provided by the apparatus and methods.

Abstract: A carrier assembly for canisters of a mechanical exfoliation apparatus, the carrier assembly including a hub having an external surface and an open center therethrough with an internal surface, at least two bearings mounted on the internal surface of the hub, and a canister cradle integrally extending from the external surface of the hub.

Abstract: Apparatus to deliver predetermined forces, containers to hold particulate material and media, media, and the associated parameters for operating such equipment along with methods and compositions provided by the apparatus and methods.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of making metallic or elemental silver in the solid state. These methods generally include a step of forming an at least substantially solvent-free solid state reaction mixture that includes a silver-containing compound and an organic acid, followed by heating the reaction mixture at a temperature and for a time effective to form metallic silver from a cationic silver species of the silver-containing compound. Also described herein are metallic or elemental silver produced by these methods.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a drive for an ultra-high-energy pulsatory-rotary mill that can be applied in the laboratory-class equipment. The objective of the invention is the use of the drive for an ultra-high-energy pulsatory-rotary mill which allows to accomplish the three-dimensional milling process in three axes with simultaneous control of amount of the supplied mechanical energy in real time. The rotary-planetary drive comprises an alternating-current motor (1) constituting the rotary motion drive and powered through an inverter (2) connected with the rotary mechanical energy counter (3), and an alternating-current motor (4) driving actuator (5) constituting the pulsatory motion drive and powered by inverter (6) connected with the pulsatory mechanical energy counter (7). Signals from mechanical energy counters (7) and (3) are conveyed to the digital recorder (8).

Abstract: This invention is directed to a sample preparation apparatus for grinding or homogenizing test samples. More specifically, but without restriction to the particular embodiments hereinafter described in accordance with the best mode of practice, this invention relates to a reciprocating apparatus based upon a slider-crank mechanism for grinding or homogenizing of a sample within a sample vial attached to an oscillating connecting linkage that has an amplitude of oscillatory motion equal to or greater than the length of the sample processing chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus and system of components to mechanically exfoliate particulate materials using a multi-axis approach to deliver predetermined forces to a particulate material, including containers to hold particulate material and media, also including media, and, the associated parameters for operating such equipment along with methods and compositions provided by the apparatus and methods.

Abstract: A method in which a parent hydrocarbon-rich material is processed so as to produce both a carbon-rich solid material that has a higher carbon to hydrogen ratio than that of the parent material and a carbon-deficient combustible gas that has a lower carbon to hydrogen ratio than the parent material. In the process, the material is activated by exposing it to a hot gas stream having elevated levels of one or both of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The combustible gas is combusted to produce heat. At least about 80% of the heat is used in one ore more endothermic steps that include drying coal or biomass.

Abstract: A flow disrupter in a tube chamber of a tube assembly for homogenizing sample materials includes a flow-disrupting body that extends generally transversely into the tube chamber and divides the tube chamber into two sub-chambers. The flow-disrupting body includes at least one narrowed flow passageway through which the sample flows back and forth in both axially reciprocating directions as the tube assembly is vigorously shaken at high speeds faster and more reliably than what can be accomplished by hand shaking. And the flow-disrupting body includes at least two flow-interrupting surfaces facing generally in opposite axial directions and against which the sample impacts in each respective axially reciprocating direction as the tube assembly is vigorously shaken. In this way, the vigorous high-speed shaking of the tube assembly including the flow disrupter results in significant particle-size reduction of the sample by mechanical shear, fluid shear, cavitation, and/or pressure differentials.

Abstract: A mechano-chemical reactor comprising, driving means extended along one or more parallel axis, a mass made oscillating by the driving means along the direction of a vertical axis and an elastic system for a partial compensation of the inertial forces generated by the oscillating mass. The oscillating mass includes at least one restricted environment loaded with solid and/or liquid substances are loaded in order to be treated by the kinetic energy of milling bodies. The elastic system comprises flexible elements made of a titanium alloy which are either one-dimensional, i.e. a plurality of rectilinear parallel rods, or bi-dimensional, i.e. at least a polygonal plate having two sides parallel to the axis of the driving means. In rest conditions the flexible elements are extended substantially perpendicular to the direction of the oscillations of the mass.

Abstract: Apparatus and system of components to mechanically exfoliate particulate materials using a multi-axis approach to deliver predetermined forces to a particulate material, including containers to hold particulate material and media, also including media, and, the associated parameters for operating such equipment along with methods and compositions provided by the apparatus and methods.

Abstract: Described and claimed herein is a method of producing enhanced combustion ash for use in pozzolanic applications or cement clinker manufacture. The method employs a primary process in which wet or dry feedstock is pulverized with sonication using one or more grinding media having a maximum component size of about 2 mm. Alternatively, the media may have a true grinding medium volume to chamber volume ratio of at least 0.29. Also disclosed an claimed is an enhanced combustion ash produced by the method, whereby the enhanced combustion ash has one or more qualities that make it particularly suitable in pozzolanic applications or cement clinker manufacture.

Abstract: A laboratory grinding mill having at least one grinding bowl configured to carry out a rotary movement about its central axis, and designed for conveying a liquid or gaseous medium therethrough. A rotary lead-through device having a stationary part and a movable part is coupled to the movement of the grinding bowl. The stationary part is provided with at least one connection for a stationary conduit, and the movable part is provided with at least one connection with a conduit that leads to the grinding bowl.

Abstract: A centrifugal ball mill has a cylindrical container in which an object to be crushed and a crushing ball are contained, a revolution mechanism that revolves the container about a revolution axis, and a rotation mechanism that rotates the container about a rotation axis. Furthermore, the centrifugal ball mill has an inclination mechanism that inclines an inner periphery face relative to the rotation axis such that a position where centrifugal force acting due to revolution about the revolution axis is maximum in the inner periphery face changes in an axial direction of the container as the container rotates about the rotation axis, and such that the crushing ball moves in a circumferential direction and the axial direction of the container to describe a trajectory of a three dimensional Lissajous curve.

Abstract: The system and method of separating minerals from ore without fluid includes a materials feeding device, a friction vibration separator and a dry separation concentrator, the materials feeding device passing a dry mixture to the friction vibration separator. At least two materials transport grooves collect the rough separation mixture from the friction vibration separator to at least two materials transport devices for passing the rough separation mixture to the dry separation concentrator. The method includes crushing ore into a mixture of minerals and ore, drying the mixture, storing and transporting the dry mixture to the friction vibration separator by the materials feeding device, collecting a rough separation mixture from the friction vibration separator, transporting the rough separation mixture to a dry separation concentrator to collect a collection mixture.

Abstract: A vibratory mill principally for the treatment of cement and fly ash, which mill has a grinding chamber (1) with a wall (6, 7) at each of the two ends of the chamber, which mill includes an inlet (2) for material that is to be treated and an outlet (3) at the rear wall (7) of the grinding chamber (1), at the lower part of the grinding chamber, and a first wall (5) inside the chamber at the end at which the outlet (3) is located, which wall (5) is provided with one or several openings (8) at its upper part, which openings allow passage of material that has been sufficiently ground from the grinding chamber to the outlet (3). The inlet (2) is located in the lower part of the grinding chamber (1) at the wall (6) that is opposite to the location of the outlet.

Abstract: A biomedical homogenizing device a seat, a rotational module, and at least one holding module. The seat has at least one driving wheel set, with each driving wheel set having at least one driving wheel. The rotational module is rotatably mounted on the seat and has a driving shaft and two rotating disks. The driving shaft extends through the at least one driving wheel set, the two rotating disks are respectively and firmly coupled to two ends of the driving shaft, and at least one driven wheel is rotatably mounted on at least one of the two rotating disks to be driven by the driving wheel of the driving wheel set. The at least one holding module is arranged between the two rotating disks and coupled with the at least one driven wheel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of mechano-structured nacre by mechanosynthesis of micrometric nacre powder, characterized in that the temperature of the nacre is kept below 40° C. It also relates to the mechano-structured nacre and to uses thereof, in particular on implants and bone substitute pieces on which the mechano-structured nacre is deposited.

Abstract: A method and device for the removal of balls from a supply is disclosed. The device has a horizontal plate having one or a plurality of circular orifices of identical size in the form of transcurrent orifices running vertically from the upper side to the lower side. The plate on its upper side exhibits a depression around each orifice, in conjunction with which the base of the depression are curved, the periphery of the depression exhibits an elliptical, oval or spindle-shaped form at the level of the surface of the plate, the mid-point of the orifice in each case lies on the mid-point of the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis of the periphery of the depression, and the base of the depression is inclined towards the mid-point of the orifice along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A laboratory vibration grinding mill comprising a circular oscillating drive that operates in at least two dimensions, at least one support, and a respective elongated grinding bowl held in each support. The grinding bowl has a filling of grinding bodies and is provided with frontal grinding bowl bases. The support for a grinding bowl is configured such that a longitudinal axis of the grinding bowl forms an angle of less than 90° with a plane of movement of the circular oscillating drive such that due to movement paths of the grinding bodies in the grinding bowl caused by the inclined position of the grinding bowl relative to the plane of movement of the circular oscillating drive, the frontal grinding bowl bases are incorporated into a size-reduction process as abutment and grinding surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is a linear shaker apparatus capable of effectively mixing a wide variety of large volume liquid samples that provides a near linear mixing motion so as to allow for the easy break up of solids suspended in the fluid sample. The longer shaking distances and slower operating speeds employed by the linear shaker described herein, which resembles the motion a scientist or lab technician might employ when shaking such a vial by hand, does not lend itself to the electromagnetic technique employed in various prior art shakers. The linear shaker described herein employs an electric motor and linkage that allows varying the speed and stroke of the mixing operation to accommodate different laboratory protocols.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a process for manufacturing at least one particulate material is disclosed, the process including the following consecutive steps of: a) introducing into a vibrating grinder at least two powders each comprising UO2, provided by two different synthesis routes and of close specific surface area; b) shaking the powders into the grinder so as to form a particulate material, the grinding intensity being sufficient to break up the agglomerates and the aggregates in the powders without at the same time breaking up the crystallites in the powders, and the grinding energy being such that all of the agglomerates and aggregates are destroyed. One embodiment of the present invention also concerns a particulate material obtained by this process.

Abstract: A screening element can be mounted at a discharge passage of a grinding mill chamber. The discharge passage is positioned in use to receive ground particles moving thereinto in a discharge direction. The screening element comprises one or more openings defined therein that are oriented such that ground particles pass therethrough in a direction that is oblique with respect to the discharge direction. The grinding mill chamber may form part of a centrifugal grinding mill.

Abstract: A process is described for the activation (increase in solubility and bioavailability) of drugs. The process, carried out in a vibrational mill, is characterised by the use of given proportions between the physical mixture made up of drug and pharmaceutical carrier and the empty volume among the grinding means contained inside the mill. The process leads to obtaining powders for pharmaceutical use in which the drug has a high and constant degree of activation; this result is obtainable irrespective of the nature of the drug and carrier used, and of their weight ratio.

Abstract: A grinder includes a double forced movement in which the movement of the grinding medium in the chambers of the grinder drum is forced by a vibrator device as well as by the drum itself. The combination of the vibrating movement of the rotating grinding medium, which is caused by the vibrator with the rotary movement of the grinding medium, in turn resulting from the rotation of the drum around an eccentrically shifted axis, significantly increases the centrifugal forces of the grinding medium and causes the creation of a layer of rotating grinding medium together with the grinded material inside the drum chamber, while the thickness of the layer is thereby differentiated.

Abstract: A system and a method for producing a quantified defined portions of powder from at least one biological material at cryotemperature is shown, comprising means for grinding the biological material deposited in at least one first vessel to the powder; means for loosening the powder resulting from grinding the biological material in the first vessel; means for positioning at least one first opening in the first vessel, and means for transferring the quantified defined portions of powder in a plurality of second vessels by using the first opening as a transfer way.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for activating drugs by means of high-energy co-grinding of the drug with a pharmaceutical carrier, characterized by the use of a vibrational mill equipped with means that regulate the vibration frequency. The process, performed by modifying the frequency of vibration and keeping its amplitude constant, produces drug/carrier composites with a constant particle size in which the degree of drug activation increases in proportion to the frequency applied. The invention also includes a vibrational mill suitably modified to perform the process described.

Abstract: A screening element can be mounted at a discharge passage of a grinding mill chamber. The discharge passage is positioned in use to receive ground particles moving thereinto in a discharge direction. The screening element comprises one or more openings defined therein which are oriented such that ground particles pass therethrough in a direction that is oblique with respect to the discharge direction. The grinding mill chamber may form part of a centrifugal grinding mill.

Abstract: A planetary ball mill includes: a revolution turning arm turned about a revolution shaft rotated by a driving force; mill pots each supported on the revolution turning arm so as to be rotated about a rotation shaft inclined from the vertical direction toward the side of the revolution shaft; and an outer circumferential pot receiver which is disposed fixedly on the upper side of the revolution turning arm along the whole part of a circumference around the revolution shaft and with which the outer peripheral surfaces of the mill pots revolving attendantly on the turning of the revolution turning arm make contact, whereby the mill pots are put into rotation.

Abstract: A vertically oscillating working device 2 has a body to be oscillated 23 having an inner space that is formed by a cover member 21 and a vehicle wheel 22, which is a body to be worked, and receives working materials 25 in it and also has oscillating means for vertically oscillating the body to be oscillated 23. The working materials 25 are allowed to collide with the vehicle wheel 22 by the oscillation, and thereby the vehicle wheel 22 is worked. With the working device 2, a casting can be oscillated together with hardening materials, and excellent mechanical properties can be uniformly added to a predetermined portion of the casting by the oscillation without changing the position of the casting.

Abstract: A system, which may be used to perform simultaneous grinding and intimate mixing of edible fat-based slurries or emulsions, may include a cylindrical drum having a central longitudinal axis and a curved inner surface and mounted on springs, and a motor and tuned mass coupled to the cylindrical drum to vibrate the cylindrical drum about a center of vibration that is offset from the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical drum. The system includes at least one pair of partition plates disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical drum to divide the cylindrical drum into at least two process zones, the partition plates of the at least one pair having matching apertures and moveable relative to each other between alignment and misalignment. The system may be used, for example, in chocolate manufacture.

Abstract: A vibratory milling machine has a vibratory housing confined to substantially linear reciprocating motion relative to a base, causing a tool carried by the housing to impact a mineral formation or other work piece substantially in a primary milling direction. The vibratory motion may be generated by two or more eccentrically-weighted rotors rotated by a common drive mechanism. The rotors may be arranged in pairs with the rotors of each pair rotating in opposite directions about parallel axes so that lateral oscillations cancel and longitudinal vibrations in the milling direction reinforce one another. In one embodiment, a hydrostatic fluid bearing is provided between the outer surface of each rotor and the housing.

Abstract: The invention is a laboratory mill that allows small samples to be shaken, mixed, ground, homogenized or comminuted effectively within a small vial. The design is similar to a planetary mill but unlike those devices, neither axis of rotation is centered on the axis of the processing vessel. The design allows many vials to be processed at one time and even when the diameter of the vial is quite small, maintains the processing performance. The performance of the device when used as a comminuter is demonstrated showing that the device can comminute organic solids down to a median particle size of 1 micrometer with a narrow size distribution. Because the processing takes place within a vial, the mill does not require cleaning between samples which allows the application of the device in automated or high throughput systems.

Abstract: A planetary ball mill includes: a revolution turning arm turned about a revolution shaft rotated by a driving force; mill pots each supported on the revolution turning arm so as to be rotated about a rotation shaft inclined from the vertical direction toward the side of the revolution shaft; and an outer circumferential pot receiver which is disposed fixedly on the upper side of the revolution turning arm along the whole part of a circumference around the revolution shaft and with which the outer peripheral surfaces of the mill pots revolving attendantly on the turning of the revolution turning arm make contact, whereby the mill pots are put into rotation.

Abstract: A bladeless mixer/mill for agitating and mixing a compound/product. The mixer/mill comprises a driving shaft rotatable about a first vertical axis of rotation, and a motor unit operatively coupled to the driving shaft for rotating the same. A support plate is mounted onto the driving shaft and is rotatable about the first vertical axis. The mixer/mill also has a stationary ring gear coaxial to the support plate. The stationary ring gear has a portion with an inner surface extending above the support plate. At least one pinion gear is rotatably mounted onto the support plate about a second vertical axis of rotation parallel to the first vertical axis of rotation. The pinion gear has an outer surface complementary to the inner surface of the stationary ring gear. The outer surface of the pinion gear meshes with the inner surface of the stationary ring gear. The pinion gear has a cavity wherein the compound/product to be agitated and mixed/milled is inserted.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing transparent dioxazine pigments. Said method is characterised by the use of an eccentric oscillating mill to crush a dioxazine crude pigment, said mill comprising at least one milling container that is mounted on the oscillating elements and an excitation unit that is rigidly fixed to said milling container. According to the invention, the excitation takes place in an eccentric manner on one side, outside the gravitational axis and the centre of mass of the milling container, thus generating inhomogeneous oscillations consisting of circular, elliptical and linear oscillations.

Abstract: An attrition mill for reclaiming foundry sand from deposited material having lumps of used foundry sand and included material includes a housing defining a chamber for receiving the lumps of used foundry sand and included material. A base is disposed within the housing and has an elevated end defining a reject outlet adjacent a reject end of the mill and a lower end, and a discharge wall is positioned adjacent the base lower end to define a sand outlet adjacent a sand end of the mill. A resilient support is attached to the housing, and a vibratory drive is attached to the housing and includes first and second eccentrically loaded motors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a centrifugal grinding mill comprising a vertical axis of revolution (1), a nutating axis (2) intersecting axis (1) at a point of nutation symmetry (3), a grinding chamber (4) symmetrical about axis (2) connecting with feed passage (5) at its upper end and having discharge openings (6) of a screening element (26) located within a plane area aligned normal to, symmetrical with, and intersected by the axis (2), and adjacent the plane containing the maximum diameter of the grinding chamber (4).

Abstract: A device and process for pulverizing solid materials is provided, which generates vertical and horizontal motion of grinding beads in multiple tube samples containing a sample to be pulverized.

Abstract: An apparatus and process of surface finishing golf balls prior to painting is provided. The apparatus and process make use of nylon loops as a finishing material that is used to abrade the surface of adjacent moving golf balls. Optionally, the abrading process between the nylon loops and the surface of the golf balls may be carried out in the presence of a continuous stream of water. As water is removed from the processing equipment, the removed water carries with it abraded material. The process provides for improved adhesion of the paint to the surface of the golf ball.

Abstract: A tubular vessel is loaded with a combination of grinding media and a material to be ground. The vessel is capped to contain the grinding media and material therein. Grinding of the contained material is effectuated by reciprocating the capped vessel in a direction parallel to its longitudinal axis. The grinding media may comprise either a ball or a slug, and may further utilizing a plurality of balls, perhaps of different sizes. To increase volume, a plurality of vessels may be gathered together into a sample holder. The sample holder is them reciprocated in a direction parallel to the axes of the included vessels.

Abstract: A laboratory apparatus for grinding loose materials, comprising a frame for supporting a shaft that is mounted for rotation about its own axis and is associated with a corresponding motor actuation and with supports for supporting a container that has at least one opening for introducing and withdrawing the materials and is arranged eccentrically with respect to the shaft; the container is adapted to assume at least one active configuration, in which it traces an orbit around the shaft, which is rotationally actuated, and at least one inactive configuration for introducing the materials to be ground and/or for withdrawing the ground materials.

Abstract: An apparatus and process of surface finishing golf balls prior to painting is provided. The apparatus and process make use of nylon loops as a finishing material that is used to abrade the surface of adjacent moving golf balls. Optionally, the abrading process between the nylon loops and the surface of the golf balls may be carried out in the presence of a continuous stream of water. As water is removed from the processing equipment, the removed water carries with it abraded material. The process provides for improved adhesion of the paint to the surface of the golf ball.

Abstract: A device and process for pulverizing solid materials is provided, which generates vertical and horizontal motion of grinding beads in multiple tube samples containing a sample to be pulverized.

Abstract: A mill for grinding loose materials, which comprises a closed container provided with at least one opening for introducing and removing the materials and has, at its two poles, a first coupling shaft and a second coupling shaft articulated thereto, a fixed frame which has centering elements for said first shaft and supports a driving shaft which is actuated so that it can rotate continuously, a flange which is fixed to said driving shaft and has eccentric elements for supporting said second shaft with a rotary coupling element interposed, said eccentric elements being adapted to make said second shaft perform a substantially circular orbit.

Abstract: A Planetary High-Energy Ball mill is for producing nanosized powders and it includes: (a) a main axis which can not only rotate but also up and Down, (b) a roll-bearing to be fixed on nether end of the main axis, a revolvable plate to be fixed on the top of the main axis, and several able-swing shafts installed in the plate. (c) a plurality of planetary motion mill pots are fixed on the support canisters which are supported by able-swing shafts. (d) A stationary ring which is disposed coaxially with the main axis and serves as the orbit for mill pots. (e) impact bars on the bottom of mill pots using magnet technology to disperse doposited powders. The invention solves the problems of powders deposited on the bottom of mill pot, avoids tire ruption applied to private shaft which supports mill pots, improves stress distribution. So it capable for industrial-scale producing nanosized powders.