Abstract: The specification describes a method and associated apparatus for pulverising materials, wherein the pulverising apparatus includes a receptacle, two or more pulverising weights and a driving mechanism linked to the receptacle wherein the pulverising weights are disposed substantially horizontally with respect to the receptacle. The method of operating the apparatus includes the steps of: a) placing the pulverising weights in the receptacle, wherein the pulverising weights are disposed substantially horizontally with respect to the receptacle, and b) activating the driving mechanism, causing material(s) retained in the receptacle to be ground by the pulverising weights.

Abstract: The present invention is an imaging element including a support having a frontside and a backside, an imaging layer superposed on the frontside of said support, and a print-retaining, electrically-conductive layer superposed on the backside of the support. The electrically-conductive layer includes a film-forming binder comprising the latex polymeric addition product of from 20 to 65 mol % of styrene, from 30 to 78 mol % of n-butyl methacrylate, and from 2 to 10 mol % of the sodium salt of 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate. and at least about 60 weight percent composite electrically conductive particles. The composite electrically-conductive particles have a layer of electrically-conductive metal-containing crystallites overlying a nonconductive substrate particle. The electrically-conductive layer is formed by dispersing the composite electrically-conductive particles using polymeric milling media having a mean particle size less than 350 .mu.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pulverizer which can readily miniaturize a whole pulverization apparatus including the pulverizer and can be used for various purposes such as grinding aggregate or pigments, polishing decorative stones or pinballs, and mixing and stirring liquid of high density. The pulverizer is formed by a hollow rotator rotating with an article to be pulverized introduced inside and a pulverizing medium consisting of a necessary number of members, and pulverizes the article by up-and-down motions of the pulverizing medium as the hollow rotator rotates. The hollow rotator is provided with apertures formed on its outer surface at necessary portions which communicate inside to serve both as inlets and outlets for the article.

Abstract: A pulverizer for pulverizing a product has a container and at least one working part within the container, which may contain a pulverizing medium. At least one of (1) an inner liner of the container, (2) an outer shell of the working part and (3) an outer shell of the pulverizing medium is formed from a composite ceramic material containing aluminum oxide material as a main component, and zirconium oxide material in an amount of 15-40 wt. %. At least one of Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 and CeO.sub.2 is present in the zirconium oxide material in an amount of 0.1-5 mol %. A pulverizer may comprise at least one of a working part of the pulverizer and a container having a Vickers hardness (Hv) of 1300 kgf/mm.sup.2 or higher, and a pulverizing medium whose Vickers hardness (Hv) is 100-600 kgf/mm.sup.2 lower than that of the Vickers hardness of said at least one of the working part and the container member.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for preparing tissue samples for DNA, RNA or protein extraction of the present invention includes a reciprocating saw mounted to a frame and connected to a plurality of tissue sample containers containing tissue samples and agitation members. By activating the reciprocating saw, the tissue samples are ground by the agitation members. A control circuit is connected to the saw for controlling the speed and duration of the agitation.

Abstract: Comminuting media comprising a martensitic/austenitic steel which contains at least about 40 percent by volume retained austenite, a portion of which is work transformable to martensite. The steel contains sufficient alloy content such that the steel has a martensite start and finish temperature sufficiently low to allow partial transformation of austenite to martensite during quenching of the steel from the austenitic range, but leaving some retained transformable austenite. This steel is used as a comminuting media, the retained austenite transforming to martensite through working or abrasion of the comminuting media during use in a comminution process. The outermost volume of the comminuting media which forms the wear surface and which contains the retained austenite in an amount of at least 40 percent by volume comprises at least 25 percent of the total volume of the comminuting media.

Abstract: A conical gyratory mill for regrinding, milling or fine pulverization of materials, having a milling media, such as milling balls, located in the milling space between a milling bowl and a milling head. The material to be milled is introduced into the top of the milling space and is milled as it descends through the milling space by interaction with the milling balls, milling bowl and head. A fluid is introduced at the bottom of the milling space and is discharged at the top of the milling space, carrying with it material which has been milled to the desired degree of fineness.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for separation of relatively volatile from non-volatile material, typically an organic component of agglomerate waste material from an inorganic solid component of the waste. The process includes milling material in a container partially immersed or floating in a bath of molten material to break up the material, typically an agglomerate, and thermally releasing the relatively volatile component as vapor therefrom. The apparatus relates to a desorption vessel at least partially immersed in a molten tin bath for heat transfer from the bath to the interior of the vessel for desorption of the relatively volatile component from such material.

Abstract: A cast abrasion resistant hollow ball is formed with a hollow ceramic core that generates no gas during the casting operation. Solid ceramic bars or supports hold the hollow ceramic core in a fixed location at the center of the cast ball during the casting process. There are no open holes or openings in the ceramic supports due to the fact that the hollow ceramic sphere is composed of an inert refractory material which eliminates any gases being generated during the pouring and solidification of the liquid metal in the casting process.

Abstract: A method of preparing milled solid particles of a compound comprises the steps of forming a slurry of a liquid medium, the compound and rigid milling media in a milling chamber, contacting the compound with the milling media while in the chamber to reduce the particle size of the compound, and thereafter separating the compound from the milling media by vacuum filtration through a removable filter probe immersed in the slurry. In a preferred embodiment, the milling media is a polymeric resin having a mean particle size of less than 300 .mu.m. The method enables the use of fine milling media which provides extremely fine particles of the compound while avoiding problems, e.g., decrease yields due to separator screen plugging, associated with prior art processes.

Abstract: A method of continued grinding of cement is disclosed in order to obtain cement with a high specific surface and/or a steep grain size distribution curve. The grinding is performed in a mill with agitated grinding medium from a specific surface of 300-400 m.sup.2 /kg (Blaine) to a specific surface of up to 1,200 m.sup.2 /kg (Blaine) and with a particle size distribution such that about 80% of the particles pass a sieve opening with a size up to about 25 microns, using grinding bodies with an average size within the interval of 2 to 15 mm.

Abstract: A method for milling a powder in a high energy mill which includes steps of forming a milling slurry including a naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand grinding medium having a density in the range of from about 4 g/cc absolute to about 6 g/cc absolute. Also provided is a grinding medium including naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand characterized by a density in the range of from about 4 g/cc absolute to about 6 g/cc absolute.

Abstract: A method of preparing particles of a drug substance or diagnostic imaging agent which comprises grinding the drug substance or imaging agent in the presence of grinding media comprising a polymeric resin. The method provides particles exhibiting reduced contamination.

Abstract: A cryogenic vibratory mill designed to receive cooling fluid such as liquid nitrogen within a grinding chamber for grinding of feed material such as crumb rubber from vehicle tires for cryogenic comminution within a grinding chamber. Cooling within the grinding chamber is achieved by passing cooling fluid such as liquid nitrogen therethrough wherein most of the cooling fluid passes through longitudinal channels formed longitudinally in the cylindrically shaped grinding rods. The operating temperature is normally less than -120 degrees Fahrenheit. A vibrating drive is operative to vibrate the housing and the grinding rods therein to achieve comminution of the feed stock rubber passing therethrough. With this design most of the cooling is achieved by passing of the cooling fluid through the channels defined in the grinding rods with only a minimum amount of cooling achieved by cooling fluid passing through the grinding chamber between the rods.

Abstract: A method of preparing submicron particles of a material, such as a pigment useful in paints or a compound useful in imaging elements, which comprises milling the agent in the presence of milling media having a mean particle size of less than about 100 microns. In a preferred embodiment, the milling media is a polymeric resin. The method provides extremely fine particles, e.g., less than 100 nm in size, free of unacceptable contamination.

Abstract: Particles of compound useful in imaging elements are milled using a milling media comprising a polymeric resin. The use of polymeric milling media permits the production of particles having an average particle size less than 1 micron. Further, the resulting particles are free from the contamination resulting from conventional milling media of, for example, glass, ceramic or steel.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing, dispersing, wetting and mixing pumpable, non-magnetic multiphase mixtures comprises a sealed annular-gap chamber having an annular gap which forms a working chamber, into which the material to be worked flows in from the bottom and flows out from the top. This annular-gap chamber is formed by a double tube, the outer tube of which is surrounded by an outer exciter system and the inner tube of which is surrounded by an inner exciter system. In the working chamber there are, apart from the material to be worked, freely mobile magnetic working media, which move in the direction of the rotating electromagnetic fields within the multiphase mixture flowing through the annular-gap chamber and perform translatory transverse motions and tumbling motions. Within the working chamber or the annular gap there exist an inflow zone and an outflow zone, which are in each case free from working media.

Abstract: In an agitating mill for producing the objective fine powder, the agitating medium having an average particle diameter of no more than 0.6 mm is charged in an annular gap between the external side wall of the agitator and the internal side wall of the milling vessel. Thereby the agitator can be rotated at a peripheral speed of no less than 30 m/s, and it results in a high grinding rate and reduced amount of impurity which means worn-out grinding media included in the objective fine powder.

Abstract: An ultrafine grinding mill in which fed material flows down through an agitated bed composed of small grinding medium characterized in that the ultrafine grinding mill comprises a vertically arranged cylindrical housing, a net member having a mesh size preventing the grinding medium from passing therethrough and arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical housing, a rotary shaft arranged on a central axis of the cylindrical housing, and agitating blades mounted at several stages on the rotary shaft, and in that both a gap between the tip of each agitating blade and the inner surface of the cylindrical housing and a gap between the agitating blade of the lowermost stage and the net member are not more than 2/3 the diameter of the grinding medium at room temperature.

Abstract: A process of media milling employing a mill having a magnetic circuit of magnetic impellers (11) on a shaft (12), magnetized media, and a magnetizable outer shell (10).

Abstract: A continuous micronizing mill for granular material consisting of a rotary drum with a high length/diameter ratio, divided by separator baffles into several grinding chambers in which grinding loads having a progressively decreasing body size are placed and in which the ratios of granular material to grinding load are different.

Abstract: The bulk handling characteristics of a calcined kaolin clay powder, including the bulk density and flowability, are significantly improved by forming an aqueous slurry of the calcined kaolin clay powder and spray drying the slurry.

Abstract: A grinding mill having a rotatable grinding chamber within which is a body of elongate grinding members that have a longitudinal axis substantially longer than the maximum transverse dimension thereof. The mill is arranged in such a way as to retaining the grinding member axes substantially parallel to the grinding chamber rotational axis. The grinding members have a cross-sectional shape and a sufficient exterior surface smoothness for enabling a body of such members to tumble over and against one another in a rotating grinding chamber and to grind particulate material within the body, as well as a ratio of mass per unit of length which varies from one position to another along the length of the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A method for milling ceramic powder and making a sintered body from the powder produced by such method are disclosed. A preferred embodiment includes wet-milling at least one ceramic powder by a media agitating mill wherein the volume of liquid is not more than 4 times the net-volume of the ceramic powder, a dispersing agent is added and milling is carried out using grinding media of not larger than 1 mm in diameter. A media agitating mill used for the above method is provided which includes a milling chamber, grinding media and an agitator wherein the peripheral speed of the agitator is at least 10 m/s, the grinding media having a diameter of not larger than 1 mm and the packing fraction of the grinding media is 65-85% by volume.

Abstract: Apparatus for dispersion of solids in liquids including two relatively movable elements arranged so as to define a dispersing volume therebetween, a multiplicity of separate generally cylindrical dispersing elements disposed within the dispersing volume, and apparatus for supplying a solid suspended in a liquid to the dispersing volume for dispersing and for removing a solid dispersed in a liquid from the dispersed volume after dispersing, wherein the relatively movable elements are separated at the dispersing volume by a separation distance which is slightly greater than the minimum dimension of the dispersing elements.

Abstract: A process of grinding ceramic materials such as zirconia comprises grinding in an agitated media-type mill in the presence of a dispersant, the process being characterized in that the grinding media has a particle size of from 0.8 3.0 mm, and in that the quantity of media present is such that the average stand-off distance between adjacent media particles is from 30-90 um.The preferred apparatus is an attrition mill with an additional holding tank which allows recycling.The ceramic powders thus produced are fine with an unusually narrow particle size distribution.

Abstract: Media mill having a magnetic circuit of magnetic impellers on a shaft, magnetized media, and a magnetizable outer shell which provides improved efficiency.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are provided for the removal of a deposit from the inner surface of a rotating cylinder having a horizontal or inclined longitudinal axis, which comprises introducing a body having a substantially symmetrical concavo-convex silhouette into the cylinder, the body being slidable in the axial direction in the cylinder either by the rotational movement of the cylinder or by means for axial propulsion of the slidable body within the cylinder, the surface of the body being in frictional engagement with the interior surface of the cylinder, the body being adapted to ride up to a point on the wall of the cylinder due to the frictional engagement, and then when the effect of the weight the body becomes greater than the frictional force of the engagement the body slides back in a generally radial direction toward the bottom of the cylinder while wearing away at least a part of the deposit within the cylinder by scraping action of the surface of the said sliding body against the interior wall of th

Abstract: Apparatus for dispersion of solids in liquids including two relatively movable elements arranged so as to define a dispersing volume therebetween, a multiplicity of separate generally cylindrical dispersing elements disposed within the dispersing volume, and apparatus for supplying a solid suspended in a liquid to the dispersing volume for dispersing and for removing a solid dispersed in a liquid from the dispersed volume after dispersing, wherein the relatively movable elements are separated at the dispersing volume by a separation distance which is slightly greater than the minimum dimension of the dispersing elements.

Abstract: Regrinding of middlings in a mineral-product dressing process of the kind in which the middlings are reground in order to crush individual half-grains and release valuable mineral therefrom, is carried out in a mill using an agitated grinding medium. The middlings are reduced to a particle size which is smaller than k.sub.80 =100 mm. There are used grinding bodies having originally a size of from 2 to 12 mm.

Abstract: A carbon or alloy steel heat treated grinding rod having improved wear resistance and breaking resistance for use in a rotating grinding mill. The surface of the rod has a martensitic microstructure having a hardness of at least HRC 55. The core of the rod has a bainitic microstructure having a hardness of at least HRC 40. A preferred rod composition includes at least 0.7% carbon, at least 0.25% of molybdenum, at least 0.25% chromium, less than 0.7% manganese, the balance iron and unavoidable impurities, all percentages by weight.

Abstract: An abrading element for mass finishing of workpieces such as vibratory finishing comprises an elongated metallic rod of generally circular or other curvilinear cross section with serrations extending over substantially its entire periphery along its elongated axis. The serrations provide cutting edges along their outer surfaces and recesses therebetween. The metal of the rod is hardened at least in the portion adjacent the surface to provide hardened cutting edges and a wear resistant surface. The abrading elements are conveniently formed by severing rod or wire stock in the desired length and rolling or otherwise forming the desired serrations therein, after which the abrading elements may be hardened.

Abstract: A tumbling media element for use in tumbling non-magnetic workpieces includes a body portion formed of a non-magnetic material and a magnetic insert disposed within the body portion. The insert renders the body portion suitable for magnetic sorting techniques and may increase the total mass of the media element thereby generating greater kinetic energy during tumbling operations.

Abstract: Process for preparation of toner particles for electrostatic imaging comprisingA. dispersing at an elevated temperature in a vessel a thermoplastic resin, a dispersant nonpolar liquid having a Kauri-butanol value of less than 30 and a colorant other than black, e.g., yellow, cyan, magenta, the temperature being maintained to plasticize and liquify the resin and below that at which the nonpolar liquid degrades and any component decomposes:B. cooling the dispersion, either(1) with or without stirring to form a gel or solid mass, the shredding and grinding the mass by means of particulate media in the presence of additional liquid;(2) with stirring to form a viscous mixture and grinding by means of particulate media in the presence of additional liquid; or(3) while grinding with particulate media thereby preventing formation of a gel or solid mass in the presence of additional liquid, andC. separating the dispersion of toner particles, average by area particle size less than 10 .mu.

Abstract: A forged grinding element made of steel for ball milling consisting of a steel alloy containing from 0.7 to 1.0 weight percent of manganese; 0.7 to 2.2 weight percent of chromium; 0.3 to 0.6 weight percent of molybdenum, 0.5 to 2.2 weight percent of nickel and up to 0.45 weight percent of carbon, the balance iron with the usual steel impurities. This alloy has high hardness and a basic tensile strength amounting to 1300 to 1700 N/mm.sup.2. Its shape is round or polygonal such as pyramid shaped.

Abstract: The invention provides a ferrous metal crushing bar, coming directly from casting with controlled solidification, characterized in that it has a fine grain surface structure and a core with radially orientated dendritic structure, in that it comprises, in percent by weight, between about 1.1 and 3% of carbon, between about 3 and 30% of chromium, between about 0.3 and 1.5% of magnesium and between about 0.3 and 1% of silicon, and in that it comprises at least 10% by volume of carbides.

Abstract: The present invention is a method to disperse fine solids in a resin binder matrix by use of a sand mill having non-metallic discs and containing zirconium oxide milling media. The method of the invention will disperse the fine solids without reduction of the size of the fine solids or contamination to the dispersion by fines of the zirconium oxide milling media.

Abstract: This invention discloses zirconia-containing grinding media in the preparation of magnetic disc coating and method for producing such grinding media. The grinding media essentially consists of zirconia-sintered body containing 3.6% to 8.0% by weight of yttrium oxide, the zirconia sintered body having a means grain size of less than 2 .mu.m and the relative theoretical density of more than 98.0%.

Abstract: A dramatic reduction in the time required to fine-grind high borate solder glasses is achieved. In the prior art method, the glass is ball-milled in the presence of an amine for about seven days or more. It has now been discovered that by first rod-milling such glasses for a period of from about 1/2 to about 24 hours, the time required for the "amine grind" can be shortened to a period of from about 1 to 3 days. A further improvement is that rod milling eliminates the laborious sieving procedure previously employed to ensure the absence of undesirably large particles in the feed to the amine grinding operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and apparatus for dry grinding a granular material in a grinding tube mill (1) having a final grinding compartment (2) and one or more preceding grinding compartments (3) containing grinding bodies. The material, after having passed through the preceding compartment or compartments (3), is discharged through openings (6) in the mill (1) and is divided into a fine and a coarse fraction in a separator (9). The coarse fraction is returned to the preceding compartment or compartments (3), and the fine fraction is fed to the final compartment (2). The ground material is discharged by flowing over a dam ring (12) from the final compartment (2). Any grinding bodies carried with the overflow are separated by a sieving diaphragm (13) from the material and returned to the final compartment (2). The invention also relates to the granular material ground according to the method of the invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing transparent iron oxide pigment dispersions. The dispersions are prepared by milling a mixture of iron oxide pigment and a liquid vehicle in a bead mill containing glass beads as the grinding media. The pigment dispersions can be used in the preparation of paints and coatings which exhibit transparent quality and absorb ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: An apparatus for the activation of cement comprises at least one electromagnetic particle size reducer having a common reducer hopper at the inlet ensuring a gravity feeding of cement to the reducer, and a series sequence including a receiving hopper having a crusher and a conveying screw in a casing having a classifier in the form of a screen arranged at the outlet of the screw and communicating with the reducer hopper having an inclined bottom wall, the screen of the classifier comprising a body of revolution which is rigidly secured to the shaft of the screw coaxially with the shaft and arranged together with a portion of the screw and casing inside the reducer hopper upstream the inlet of the electromagnetic reducer.

Abstract: A process for converting a crude, coarsely crystalline perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide of the formula ##STR1## where A is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, an unsaturated 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic ring which contains one or two nitrogen atoms and may be fused to a benzene nucleus, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, or C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 -alkyl which is substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, phenyl or C-acylamino, to a pigmentary form, wherein the crude pigment, in aqueous suspension, is comminuted in a high-speed mill in the absence of a surfactant.The pigments obtained give pure shade colorations of high to extremely high hiding power, and have a high tinctorial strength in white reductions.

Abstract: Pigment compositions including nickel titanium yellow or chromium titanium yellow as an inorganic component together with an organic pigment component impart better gloss and/or hiding power to organic coatings containing 10% or more of the compositions if the compositions are prepared by subjecting a suspension of the components in a liquid medium to intense shearing stresses and thereafter separating the mixed pigments from the medium.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the wet grinding of a material such as chalk comprising the steps of preparing a suspension containing material particles no coarser than 43 microns and grinding the material in suspension using grinding bodies having a density of at least 3.7 g/cc, wherein the weight ratio of the grinding bodies to the material is at least 6:1. Specific types of grinding bodies are also disclosed.