Abstract: This invention relates to a method of using an apparatus is provided for the accelerated bioremediation of treated contaminated material. The material is treated with chemical and/or biological amendments for facilitating accelerated bioremediation thereof. The apparatus comprises a system for for generating a treated contaminated material entraining air stream at a predetermined velocity for entraining the treated contaminate material therein for microenfractionating the treated contaminated material. In this way, accelerated bioremediation is facilitated. In another form of the invention, a method of accelerated bioremediation of treated contaminated material is provided.

Abstract: A rotary impact breaker has a housing and a rotor rotatable in the housing about an axis in a predetermined direction and formed with a radially outwardly open pocket having a generally radially extending front and back faces. An impact element has a foot part seated in the pocket and having a front face bearing against the front pocket face and a back face confronting and diverging from the back pocket face and a head part projecting radially from the pocket. A retaining wedge in the pocket has a front face bearing forwardly against the back element face and a back face backwardly against the back pocket face. A bolt engages radially from the wedge into the rotor and presses the wedge radially inwardly and thereby tightly lodges the wedge between the back element face and back pocket face.

Abstract: An impact roll crusher for grinding up material, for example in mineral mining, employs a roll equipped with impact heads which co-operates with part of a conveyor transporting the material. The roll is rotatably mounted in a housing and a hood is connected to the housing to deflect and discharge the crushed material. The crusher roll is driven by a belt coupled to pulleys on the roll and on a drive motor shaft. The drive motor is supported by a bracket pivotably mounted on an inclined baffle wall of the hood. The roll drive adopts a position below the upper surface of the crusher housing. A tensioning device operable to adjust the tension in the drive belt is coupled to the bracket and adjusts the pivotable movement of the bracket.

Abstract: A hammer for mounting to and rotary movement by a rotor of a material reducing machine. The hammer is mounted at a first end portion thereof for free pivotal movement about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor. A material engaging tooth extends radially outwardly from the second end portion thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the tooth is a rotary conical bit.

Abstract: A rotor for use in a disintegrating machine comprises a rotor body adapted to be rotated about its axis and provided at its periphery with a plurality of receptacles extending parallel to the axis, each receptacle having on one side an opening facing in the direction of rotation. The rotor further comprises a plurality of beater bars, each of which has a bar body extending in a direction which is parallel to the axis and has a symmetrical cross-section. Each bar body has at least one retaining extension supported in a respective receptacle, has a longitudinal plane of symmetry extending in a direction which is substantially parallel to a tangent to a flight circle defined by an outer periphery of the bar bodies of the beater bars upon rotation of the rotor body, and is provided with axially spaced apart knife edges which protrude at the periphery to be contiguous to the flight circle, are symmetrical to the plane of symmetry and extend in planes which are normal to the axis.

Abstract: A To facilitate manipulation of an impact member 20 of a coarse reduction impact crusher, the impact member 20 together with its wedge members 22 is only loosely inserted in an accommodating cavity 14 for the impact member, whereby when rotation of a rotor 10 is started the impact member 20 and wedge members 22 are urged by the resulting centrifugal force from a disengaged position near the axis of the rotor into a wedged position relatively distant from said axis.

Abstract: The uniformity and suitability of fractural glass derived from breaking used fluorescent tubes for separation of the glass and potentially toxic powder adhered to the fractured glass prior to disposal and recovery of the components glass and powder is improved by use of a fracture blade having a sharp striking point extending forwardly from a base composed of a flat transversely oriented rotatable striking blade. The blade is preferably, for best results in later separation of the glass particulates and powder, operated at a striking blade speed of 1760 to 3700 feet per minute, providing a uniformity and size of fractured glass upon which a significantly more effective countercurrent air separation can be made.

Abstract: A hammer bar for use in a rotor of a crusher comprises a body, which is adapted to be mounted in the rotor to extend parallel to the axis of the rotos, and tools, which are detachably mounted on the body and comprise each at least one retaining rail extending in a longitudinally extending retaining groove formed in the body. To facilitate the insertion and removal of the tools, the body consists of two parts, which define between them a joint extending along and adjoining said retaining groove, and clamping means are provided for clamping said body parts against each other at said joint.

Abstract: The pin holes for hammers used in shredders can be changed without the need for removing the hammer pins. A single elliptical hammer pin slot is provided in the hammer. A hammer pin is inserted into one end of the elliptical hammer pin slot and a removable plug is inserted into the slot at the hammer pin thereby securing the pin to the hammer. The pin hole can be changed upon normal wear and tear by removing the plug and sliding the hammer to move the pin to the opposite pin hole at the opposite curved section of the elliptical pin slot. The plug is reinserted at the opposite pin hole thereby securing the pin to the hammer.

Abstract: A rotor for an impact crusher which has rotor plates distributed along the length of a rotor shaft and secured to the shaft. Aligned, open, recessed cavities in multiple rotor plates receive a backing bar spanning the plates and the bar is secured to the plates. A removable hammer bar seats in the cavities and rests against the backing bar. Wedges held in place by retainers hook the hammer bar in place.

Abstract: A fiberizer is described having a rotor to which plural hammers are mounted for fiberizing a sheet of fibers delivered to the rotor as the rotor is rotated. A feed mechanism utilizing a pair of seal rollers, at least one of which is driven, is configured for effective delivery of both wet or dry sheets to the fiberizer. The hammers are configured to minimize dead spaces within the fiberizer. In addition, air flow is directed through the fiberizer to minimize accumulations of fibers therein. Furthermore, an optional liquid flushing mechanism is provided for periodically cleaning the fiberizer during use.

Abstract: This apparatus (10) for reducing lumps of coal, and the like, on a grid (14) disposed over a material-receiving area (16) includes a carriage (12) guided across the grid (14) on a track (44) by a drive system (50) and having roll assemblies (60) mounted thereto. Each roll assembly (60) includes a drive roll (62) having stationary shaft assemblies (66,68) mounted to the carriage (12) and driven by an internally mounted motor (78), and a set of pick rings (64) mounted to the drive roll (62) at longitudinally spaced intervals and having pick circles with picks (90) pointing in both directions. The material-receiving area includes a conveyor system which, when the area is wide, includes a longitudinal conveyor (100) flanked by a plurality of lateral feeder conveyors (102).

Abstract: A device (10) for continuously tearing bags containing material such as refuse is disclosed including elongated, flexible flails (14) secured to a rotatable rotor (12). The flails (14) are formed in the preferred form from steel wire rope cables (28) having their free ends captured within thick wall tubing (34) swedged thereon. In addition to keeping the ends from fraying, the tubing (34) acts as a centrifugal weight and hammer for the cable (28). The rotor (12) is formed of L-shaped plates (16) attached together to extend quadrantly from and form a square tubular beam surrounding the axis of rotor (12). The flails (14) extend through apertures (36) formed in the leg portions of the plates (16) defining the square tubular beam and are secured to the leg (18) of the plates (16) spaced from the square tubular beam by cable clamps (38) having U-shaped bolts (40) extending through apertures (50) formed in the legs (18).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hammer for use in a hammer mill and particularly provides an improved hammer of separate type in which a hammer head is detachably coupled with a hammer body. A material of the highest level in abrasion resistance such as high chromium cast iron is employed to form the hammer head. In spite of brittleness of the material, there is no such problem as breakdown due to impulse forces applied and transferred immediately because there is no looseness at all in the engagement of the coupled hammer body and hammer head. Energy applied is sufficiently utilized thereby improving energy efficiency.

Abstract: A device for crushing glass bottles and other glass containers. This comprises a rectangular housing having an intake slot at the top which directs the intake containers down an inclined plane to an abutment in the interior of the housing which defines a chute for directing the intake containers into the path of a rotating battering ram in the exhaust section of the housing where they are smashed. A frustoconical member focusses the smashed products into a collection pail for periodic removal. Flying glass is minimized by the presence of freely swinging rubber flaps across the intake path, and the angular relationships between the intake and exhaust sections of the housing.

Abstract: A hammer mill for crushing ore and the like materials comprises a cylindrical case provided with armor plates on its inside, and a rotor journalled in the case and carrying a plurality of hammers, as well as anchor means for holding each hammer to the rotor at a position facing the armor plates, which includes a mortise, formed at the rotor periphery and having opposed walls convergent outwardly and substantially dovetail-like, and a tenon formed on the hammer integrally therewith and having a cross-sectional shape which matches that of the mortise, said tenon engaging with the mortise walls and being urged, by the centrifugal force developed within the hammer by the rotating rotor, to wedge itself stably in between said mortise walls.

Abstract: A material grinding mill of reversible character having hog-type hammers formed with chisel edges pivotally mounted on supporting discs, and further formed with landing areas positioned to contact the supporting discs so that the chisel edges are prevented from impacting upon or nicking the discs. The pivoting of the hammers allows them to rebound when encountering a body of hardened material so the hammer reverses direction, hence the landing area impacts on the discs and the discs are protected against being nicked by the chisel edges of the hammers.

Abstract: A silo which is impeded by a mass of cohering particles is cleaned by the disclosed apparatus by extending at least one flexible tube connected to a mace into the silo to near the coherent mass and flowing gas through the tube and mace at a rate and pressure causing swinging and writhing movements by the mace and tube.

Abstract: An impactor for breaking large, boulder size, ferrous metal pieces comprises a massive, horizontally axised, cylindrically shaped rotor having spaced apart, outwardly extending, impact heads. The rotor is formed of a number of axially aligned, thick, large diameters disks that are secured together face to face. Deep notches formed in the circumferential edges of the disks provide head mounting pockets within which inner portions of the heads are received. Each of the heads has an outer portion which projects radially outwardly of the rotor and has a small impact area. Large metal pieces are gravity fed, down a chute, into the paths of rotation of the heads impact areas, below the horizontal axis of the rotor. The pieces are struck by the downwardly moving head impact areas to momentarily receive an enormous concentrated force resulting from the rotation of the rotor mass.

Abstract: An apparatus for shredding branches, limbs, twigs, leaves or like material includes a housing having a lower cavity. A rotatable shredding mechanism is provided in the lower cavity. The shredding mechanism includes a plurality of substantially triangular shaped hammers for shredding material within the cavity. The triangular shape of the hammers increases the energy available for shredding material contained within the cavity. The shredding mechanism includes a drive shaft to which a drive sheave is connected, and is driven by a motor having a rotatable motor shaft to which a motor sheave is connected. A belt is provided about the motor and drive sheaves. A clutch mechanism for selectively imparting rotation to said drive shaft from said motor shaft includes an axially movable clutch bar to which a clutch sheave is rotatably connected.

Abstract: A hammer assembly for a rotary material crusher having a rotor. The hammer assembly includes a hammer member and a base member. The base member is mounted at one of its ends on the rotor. The hammer member is mounted on the other end of the base member. The hammer member and base member each have two pairs of concave and convex surfaces, one for absorbing centrifugal forces and the other for absorbing impact forces and meshing, one surface with the other. The pair of concave and convex surfaces for absorbing centrifugal force are behind of the centrifugal force radial line of the hammer member in the direction of rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: A blade for a grinding roll of a roll grinding machine for the production of starch from starch plants such as potatoes and for the production of processed food or juice from root crops, fruits, vegetables or the like, the blade including a plurality of planar blade elements coupled together in side-by-side, parallel relation so as to define a stack of blade elements. Each of the blade elements is a flat, rhombic shape so as to include two acute angled corners, two obtuse angled corners and four cutting edges disposed about its periphery. The blade is preferably mounted to the grinding roll so that the blade elements are disposed substantially parallel to the circumferential surface of the roll.

Abstract: A carbon steel with at least 1% by weight carbon and at least one carbide-forming alloying element such as chromium is forged into a construction machine-tool part for engagement with abrasive material, the forging provides a fiber extension direction which coincides with the principal direction of abrasive action.

Abstract: An impact bar - adapted to assume an installed state in which it is mounted in a rotor of a comminuting machine - has a length extending generally radially as viewed relative to the rotary axis, a leading side and a trailing side as viewed relative to a direction of rotation, and a cross-sectional area taken along a sectional plane extending parallel to a plane of rotation. The cross-sectional area is curved in a generally C shape open towards the leading side and is symmetrical relative to a symmetry plane being generally perpendicular to the bar length. The cross-sectional area has a constriction lying in the symmetry plane. The trailing side is adapted to be supported against tangential forces at a location situated radially outwardly of the constriction as viewed relative to the rotary axis. The constriction is formed by a first and a second groove at the leading and trailing side.

Abstract: A silage-tunneling apparatus (1) including a skid (2) on which is mounted an electric motor (30) arranged to drive a drive shaft (44) that has its axis arranged horizontally. Inner and outer hinged rigid cutter arms (45) are attached to the drive shaft and flexible chain cutter arms (60) are attached to the drive shaft between the hinged rigid cutter arms. Silage cutting elements (54, 63) are attached to the outer ends of the cutter arms. The apparatus forms a vertical tunnel (71) in silage (72) stored in a silo (70) upon being moved upwardly along the inside surface of the wall of the silo, the tunnel providing an opening for the discharge of silage through the bottom of the silo.

Abstract: A comminuting apparatus which includes a housing containing a drum rotatable about a horizontal axis, a first crushing and screening grate pivotally suspended in the housing, and having a lower end adjustably movable toward the drum to form with the drum a selectively widenable throat, and a second arcuate fine grinding and screening grate pivotally mounted in the housing, and forming with the drum an adjustably dimensioned constricting throat. The drum carries at its outer periphery, a plurality of circumferentially spaced, axially extending rows of detachably mounted hammer elements. Each hammer element in each of the axial rows is received in an undercut, trapezoidally-shaped slot in an elongated hammer retainer bar. Each of the hammer bars is retained in its respective undercut slot by a plurality of wedge blocks.

Abstract: A cage mill includes a housing having an inlet at a side portion thereof and an exit at a lower portion thereof, a disc rotatably arranged within the housing, a plurality of support shafts fixed at one end thereof to the disc so as to form a cage into which hard materials can enter through the inlet of the housing when the cage rotates as a rotor, a ring fixed to the other end of the support shafts, a plurality of ceramic pins each fixed by way of an adhesive to each of the support shafts, and a stopper mechanism for preventing the ceramic pins from directly contacting the disc and the ring.

Abstract: In an impact crusher for reducing the size of particulate material, the breaker bars having one or more quasi-circular depressions for engaging a circular back-up bar is secured to a rotor by means of a serrated wedge and C-clamp assembly. A newly designed housing opening permits the breaker bars to be placed in an optimum horizontal positioning and a rotor-locking assembly holds the back-up bars in this optimum positioning and provides support for the breaker bars during replacement thereof.

Abstract: An improved hammer comprises a hammer body with a substantially bell-shaped profile having a larger end and sides converging to a smaller end with front and back faces that are substantially flat. A large mounting bore extends through the body closer to the smaller end to receive a pivot shaft from which the hammer may pivotally swing. A lifting eye is integrally formed with the hammer body, and includes sides that extend from the sides of the hammer body, converging to a rounded apex.

Abstract: Apparatus for crushing fragments of mineral material comprises a rotary crusher mounted above, and co-operating with, a scraper-chain conveyor. The rotary crusher has a cylindrical body provided with a plurality of first, second and third rows of chisels. The chisels are detachably mounted in holders fixed to the cylindrical body. The chisels are all the same, but the holders are of different sizes so that the chisels of a first set have a longer radial reach than the chisels of second set, which in turn have a longer radial reach than the chisels of a third set. Each first row has chisels of the first and second sets, and each of the second and third rows has chisels of the third set. The provision of the chisels of the first and second sets having longer radial reaches enables the mineral material to be drawn into the crushing gap between the rotary crusher and the scraper-chain conveyor and broken up more efficiently.

Abstract: A rotor for a hammer mill and the like comprising a rotor body and a hammer secured to said rotor body, said hammer being comprised essentially of flexible wire rope.

Abstract: A hammer adapted to be pivotally mounted between a pair of rotors in a hammer mill has a pair of sidewalls each of which is adjacent a rotor. Each sidewall has a recess which collects small pieces of scrap which get trapped between the sidewall and the adjacent rotor. A portion of the recess extends beyond the outer periphery of the adjacent rotor so that scrap collected in the recess can be ejected therefrom.

Abstract: A refuse shredder, which includes a rotor assembly and a housing, has removable shredder hammers which are adapted for replacement without disassembly of the rotor. The hammers have compound slots formed in the hammer bodies and have entry openings leading to the slots, whereby they are mounted on vertical hammer shafts of the rotor assembly.

Abstract: A hammer formed of a solid metal body of uniform thickness having a working end and a mounting end is reinforced by an increase in cross-sectional surface area at the mounting end, and provided with a channel around the mounting end and along the walls, relieved toward the longitudinal axis of the hammer, which connect the ends, both the relievement and the channel reducing the weight of the hammer remote from the working end to locate the center of mass closer to the working end.

Abstract: An improved waste disposer having shredding means in a comminution chamber and a rotor rotatable within the chamber. Freely rotating impellers are provided on the rotor which rotate as the rotor is rotated. Each impeller includes at least one main cutting blade adapted to cooperate with the shredding means to comminute waste in the chamber. Each impeller also includes one or more subsidiary cutting blades for assisting in grinding such waste. The blades on one impeller are mounted in a mirror image relationship to the blades on the other impeller to provide improved comminution of the waste.

Abstract: A hammer is provided for pulverizing and comminutating apparatus of the hammer mill-type with this hammer including both tearing and shearing edges for enhanced effectiveness in obtaining size reduction of both friable and non-friable materials. This pulverizer hammer includes a relatively narrow tearing edge which is disposed in spaced parallel relationship to the pivot bearing of the hammer. A side edge surface of the hammer associated with that tearing edge is formed in arcuately curved, receding relationship thereto for directing and urging particles of waste material radially outward toward the tearing edge where they will be subjected to further pulverizing action. A shearing edge is also formed along one corner of the side edge surface of the hammer and extends radially in receding relationship to the tearing edge. The arculately curved and contoured surface is also configured to extend in receding relationship with respect to the shearing edge.

Abstract: In a thresher, means for independently mounting cutters and for replacing each cutter without disturbing other cutters, the rotor or the fixed cutter mounting means.

Abstract: Apparatus for crushing rock, stone and like material is described. The apparatus includes primary and secondary crushing chambers containing respectively a rotary impactor and a hammer mill. The apparatus can operate either in a wet mode or in a dry mode. In the former case material is processed successively in the two crushing chambers and discharged from the apparatus. In the wet mode, material is first processed in the primary crushing chamber and then discharged from said chamber for processing externally of the apparatus. At least some of the material is then returned to the secondary crushing chamber for further processing and discharge.