Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to surface enhanced pulp fibers, various products incorporating surface enhanced pulp fibers, and methods and systems for producing surface enhanced pulp fibers. Various embodiments of surface enhanced pulp fibers have significantly increased surface areas compared to conventional refined fibers while advantageously minimizing reductions in length following refinement. The surface enhanced pulp fibers can be incorporated into a number of products that might benefit from such properties including, for example, paper products, paperboard products, fiber cement boards, fiber reinforced plastics, fluff pulps, hydrogels, cellulose acetate products, and carboxymethyl cellulose products. In some embodiments, a plurality of surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length weighted average fiber length of at least about 0.

Abstract: In a vertical mill, a pulverization table (13) is supported with a vertical rotation axis core in a housing (11) so as to be capable of being driven and rotated, and a pulverization roller (18) rotatable in conjunction with rotation of the pulverization table (13) is disposed above the pulverization table (13) so as to be opposed to the pulverization table (13), and a roller swing mechanism (19) is provided so as to make the pulverization roller (18) parallel to a surface of the pulverization table (13) and swingable in a direction different from a direction of rotation of the pulverization table (13). Accordingly, a solid matter such as biomass can be efficiently pulverized, thereby achieving improvement in pulverization efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for processing milling material and masses in continuous processes, in particular the treatment of fat-containing masses. Milling with one swashplate (1) with a fixed plate or two swash plates (1), conching with swashplates (1) and also, as a final process step, tempering and crystallizing by means of swashplates (1).

Abstract: A crusher comprising at least a first crushing blade and a second crushing blade which are arranged to be rotary, one of the crushing blades being also arranged to move back and forth along a substantially harmonic linear path, and the rotating axes of the first crushing blade and the second crushing blade being parallel with the linear direction of movement of the second crushing blade. The second crushing blade is adjusted to move substantially harmonically back and forth along a linear path.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to make rubber crumb particles, are disclosed. An example method comprises rotating a pair of rigid rolls disposed closely adjacent one another via self-aligning bearings that support the rigid rolls with a preset gap therebetween, feeding material between the rigid rolls, and maintaining the preset gap to exceed the elastic limit of the material.

Abstract: A grinding mill is provided. The mill uses a substantially two-dimensional system for producing gyratory motion in a dish for the purpose of rotating a puck within the dish. The system includes a spin-disk having a circular off-center cavity for holding a dish holder fixedly containing a dish. When the spin-disk is rotated, the dish holder orbits about a point other than its center point, but does not rotate about its center point because its movement is limited by a restrainer. A puck is disposed within the dish, possibly along with a ring, in a fashion that allows the puck, and the ring if present, to freely move within the dish. Thus, the dish holder orbits but does not rotate and the puck spins or bounces within the dish. The combination of these movements causes the puck to impact the dish in a way that crushes a sample within the dish. The mill may be constructed small enough to be used on a work bench. It can also be completely enclosed in a carrying case for efficient transport and storage.

Abstract: A material comminution device has a housing. Cutters extend within the housing and move toward each other in a scissor-like manner. The cutters extend parallel to each other along a bottom portion and diverge along a top portion, and consist of comb-like rows of spaced blades that mesh with each other. The blades carry out at the same time a shearing movement and a swivelling movement around an axis by means of a crank mechanism.

Abstract: An apparatus, suitable for household use, for cutting and breaking empty discarded frangible containers into small pieces of material to facilitate subsequent processing and recycling of those materials. The apparatus includes a manually operable loading bin for dumping containers (glass or plastic bottles and jars, metal cans, small cardboard boxes, etc.) into the wide upper inlet opening of a conical chamber. Motor-driven rotatable circular cutting blades, having sharp edges which project into the chamber through slots in the chamber wall, cut and break the containers descending through the chamber into small pieces of material (glass, plastic, metal, cardboard, etc.). The pieces exit the narrow lower outlet opening of the chamber into a selected one of several compartments in an adjustably positionable carousel below the outlet opening. The slots (and blade edges projecting therethrough) are arranged in three radially spaced apart vertical columns around the chamber wall.

Abstract: A gyratory crusher of the type including a frame with a bowl mounted on the frame and a head cooperable with the bowl in crushing operations. The head is rotatably mounted on an eccentric which is driven through suitable gearing. The head is positively rotated by a drive means either independent of or integral with the drive for the eccentric. The bowl is free to rotate about the frame. The rotary motion imparted to the head serves to induce centrifugal force to the particles of material within the crushing chamber. This centrifugal force, when combined with the gravitational force acting on the particles of material, results in the material moving through the crushing chamber in a trajectory which follows the configuration of the crushing chamber.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming a flexible open lattice work web (14) of naturally interconnected wood strands. A log of wood (10) is passed through a pair of rollers (24, 26) to crush the log and form the web (14). One roller (24) is arranged to be reciprocated axially by a coupling to a piston (40) subjected to hydraulic pressure in a cylinder (42), to facilitate forming the web (14).

Abstract: A crusher with rotary crusher plates and a vertical main axis has plates (1,2) disposed one above the other and spaced apart to form between the plates an annular slot (4) having radial, outwardly converging crushing surfaces (1', 2'). Said plates are rotatable about axes (A,B) which are non-parallel; the lower plate (2) is driven and the upper plate (1) is provided with a central feed opening (3) with a feed funnel (5) projecting downwardly into the opening. During operation, the lower plate (2) is arranged to execute a simultaneous gyrating movement in an opposite direction in relation to its direction of rotation, the number of revolutions per minute of the gyrating movement being substantially higher than the number of revolutions per minute of the lower plate (2) about its axis of rotation (B). The crushing surface (2') of the lower plate (2) has a central, cone-shaped section (2") which projects upwardly into the central feed opening (3) of the upper plate (1).

Abstract: A mixing and/or comminution apparatus is described in which a nozzle arrangement which can be supplied with suckable and/or pumpable media is provided in the region of a stirrer member which rotates within the apparatus around the wall thereof. The nozzle arrangement extends over the axial length of the stirrer member and rotates together with the stirrer member.

Abstract: In a comminution and mixing apparatus, comprising a cylindrical container (1) for receiving the material to be treated and at least one drivable stirrer which is concentrically journalled relative to the axis (20) of the container and which extends substantially up to the inner wall region of the container, there is provided at least one tool which is eccentrically and rotatably journalled relative to the container axis (20) and is mounted on the stirrer (5) for rotation together therewith. The tool can be driven either at the same rotational speeds or at a different rotational speed from the stirrer (5) and its direction of rotation can also differ from that of the stirrer. As a result of this construction of the comminution and mixing apparatus it is possible to ensure ideal conditions for mixing and comminution in which encrustations of the material being treated and the formation of lumps are avoided.

Abstract: A feeder/crusher machine for use in underground coal or ore mines for receiving and crushing mined material and feeding the crushed product to a stationary conveyor in the mine material transport system. It comprises a tramming unit supporting a feeding and crushing unit having an elongated body with a crushing section located intermediate receiving and discharge sections at opposite ends of the body. A conveyor has an upper, carrying run movable through the crushing section in a horizontal plane. A pair of breaker drums are mounted immediately above the conveyor in the crushing section and are rotatable about transversely spaced, parallel vertical axes. Because the breaker drums are rotatable about vertical axes, teeth on their peripheries move horizontally, parallel to the plane of the conveyor carrying run. Further, the teeth move in the same direction as the conveyor at the location between the drums where crushing occurs.

Abstract: Apparatus for cutting clustered produce stalks. The apparatus includes a cylindrical produce-receiving chamber which is mounted for rotation about a first axis, and a cylindrical blade carrier which is mounted outside of, and adjacent the produce-receiving chamber for rotation about a second axis offset from, and substantially parallel to the first axis. A plurality of blades mounted on the carrier extend radially through suitable blade-receiving apertures in the produce-receiving chamber. Further included is a powered shaft for rotating the chamber and the carrier at the same speed, with such rotating producing generally radially directed, recurrent reciprocation of each blade relative to its associated aperture. In operation, produce stems and stalks become captured in notches formed in the blades, and are drawn against the inner surface of the produce-receiving chamber and cut as the reciprocating blades retract through associated apertures.