Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the comminution of bulk materials comprising synthetic polymers which do not have an elastomeric behavior by mechanical, thermal or electromagnetic loading of the bulk materials, which comprises treating the bulk materials, before and/or during the loading, with oxidants which have a redox potential of greater than 1.5 V or subjecting them to corona, UV or plasma treatment without complete oxidation of the synthetic polymer taking place.

Abstract: Aggregated mineral pigments (such as kaolin clay pigments) having a high surface area and useful in coating and filling compositions for ink jet printing media are manufactured by dry grinding an unground mineral composition starting material and then optionally acid treating the ground material.

Abstract: Aggregated mineral pigments (such as kaolin clay pigments) having a high surface area and useful in coating compositions for ink jet printing media are manufactured by dry grinding an unground mineral composition starting material and then optionally acid treating the ground material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing briquetted and pressed granular material and the use thereof for coloring building materials, such as concrete and asphalt, and organic media, such as paint systems, plastics and colored pastes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reductive dehalogenation of halogen-organic substances which can be used in solid or liquid mixtures of substances. When the parameters of the inventive method are correspondingly adapted, liquids and halogen-organic contaminated soils can be mechanically treated and consequently reductively dehalogenated by applying mechanical energy and adding elementary alkali metal, earth-alkaline metal, aluminum or iron as a reducing agent and at least one reactant with slightly activated hydrogen as a hydrogen source.

Abstract: Product pieces (2) produced from old tires are thermally processed in a discontinually operated device (1). The product pieces (2) consist of a material compound, which comprises at least one material component which decomposes by heating, by mechanically moving and/or fluidizing the product pieces (2) in the device (1) and by heating to an material decomposition temperature via heated contact surfaces of the device (1). At this temperature the material compound decomposes in one or several solid matter material components and fluids, which can be taken out of the device (1) separately. A single component separation is made possible by the method and the use of the device. Environmental impact is mostly avoided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing briquetted and pressed granular material and the use thereof for coloring building materials, such as concrete and asphalt, and organic media, such as paint systems, plastics and colored pastes.

Abstract: A powder slurry coating composition is prepared by adding individual particulate materials including at least one resin powder to an aqueous medium and then milling the dispersed particulate materials to produce a median particle size of up to about 15 microns. The powder slurry coating composition is used to prepare a coating on a substrate. The coating is equivalent to coatings obtained from powder slurry coating compositions in which the powder is produced by melt mixing in an extruder and grinding the extrudate.

Abstract: A paper machine includes a traveling belt for carrying a fiber web, and a cutting device disposed below the belt for cutting the fiber web into smaller pieces. The cutting device has an inlet and an outlet. A guiding device guides the fiber web from the belt to the inlet of the cutting device. A pulper is connected with the outlet of the cutting device for receiving the smaller pieces of fiber web from the cutting device. The traveling belt may be in the form of, e.g., a wire, felt or water impervious belt. The cutting device may be in the form of, e.g., a shredder, fluffer, water jet cutter, laser cutter and/or roll cutter.

Abstract: A homogeneous calcium/magnesium peroxide, its manufacture and use are described. The new calcium/magnesium peroxide is suitable in particular as an additive used as source of oxygen and acid buffer, e.g. in the application, processing, treatment and/or disposal of various biomaterials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing briquetted and pressed granular material and the use thereof for coloring building materials, such as concrete and asphalt, and organic media, such as paint systems, plastics and colored pastes.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of making a highly reactive pozzolan, involving the steps of forming a slurry comprising metakaolin and a liquid; wet milling the slurry; and separating the metakaolin from the liquid to provide the highly reactive pozzolan. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of making a cement-based composition involving the steps of providing a highly reactive pozzolan by forming a slurry comprising metakaolin and a liquid, wet milling the slurry, and separating the metakaolin from the liquid; and combining the highly reactive pozzolan with at least one cementitious material.

Abstract: An exemplary process for grinding cement clinker using rollers comprises introducing cement clinker into grinding contact with rollers operative to grind the clinker into particles; and introducing to the clinker and/or rollers, in an amount of 0.001-0.5 percent based on the dry weight of clinker, a binding-densifying agent comprising at least one polymer having an average molecular weight of 50,000-500,000. The clinker may be ground alone or in combination with other agrillaceous or pozzolanic materials.

Abstract: A process for improving grinding of phosphate rock comprising providing phosphate-containing rock in a form which contains from 3 to 25 wt % water, transferring the phosphate-containing rock to a grinding apparatus during a transfer stage, and grinding the phosphate-containing rock in grinding apparatus, wherein the process comprises mixing with the phosphate-containing rock during or before the transfer stage particles of water-swellable, water-insoluble polymeric material, whereby the flowability of the rock into the grinding apparatus is improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing briquetted and pressed granular material and the use thereof for coloring building materials, such as concrete and asphalt, and organic media, such as paint systems, plastics and colored pastes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recycling diaphragms, in particular a process for recycling used asbestos-free diaphragms from alkali metal chloride electrolysis, the diaphragm material being comminuted, the diaphragm material being washed with a wash substrate and a reusable material being obtained.

Abstract: A method for the granulation of polytetrafluoroethylene powder comprises spraying a binder solution on the powder while the powder is stirred and ground. The binder solution is an aqueous surfactant solution having a surface tension of 25 dyne/cm or lower at 20.degree. C. and contains polytetrafluoroethylene colloidal particles.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing an aqueous clay slurry having superior gellation properties. The process involves the bead milling of the clay in an aqueous medium for a period of about 0.5 to 20 minutes at an energy input level of about 44 to 146 kilowatt-hours per metric ton of dry clay. The milling may carried out using any suitable horizontal or vertical sand mill or ball mill such as the "Morehouse Cowles Sandmill" or the "Polymill" containing a grinding medium such as zirconium silicate or zirconium oxide. The clay is preferably a smectite clay such as montmorillonite and is present in the slurry in the range of about 3 to 30 wt. %, based on the total weight of the slurry. The aqueous clay slurry is useful as a rheological additive in water-based coating formulations.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a hydrogen-storage-alloy powder for batteries, which is a useful material for a negative electrode of a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery whose internal pressure in an overcharged state is low, the method comprising a process for crushing a hydrogen-storage-alloy ingot into a coarse alloy powder in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and a process for mechanically grinding the coarse alloy powder in contact with an aqueous solution in which any one of salts including a sulfite, hydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate is dissolved or with an aqueous alkali solution containing cobalt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recycling diaphragms, in particular a process for recycling used asbestos-free diaphragms from alkali metal chloride electrolysis, the diaphragm material being comminuted, the diaphragm material being washed with a wash substrate and a reusable material being obtained.

Abstract: A method for producing a delaminated kaolin clay having a G.E. brightness of at least 85, a solids content of at least 67 percent by weight, and a viscosity below 500 cps is disclosed. An aqueous slurry of kaolin clay is subjected to agitation in the presence of a hard grinding media. The slurry is then subjected to agitation in the presence of a soft grinding media. The result is that at least 80 percent of the delaminated kaolin has an equivalent spherical diameter of less than or equal to 2 microns.

Abstract: A method for producing solid fertilizer from liquid manure or from sludge includes mixing the same with harvest leftovers. The liquid substance (manure, sludge) is intimately mixed with the harvest leftovers during grinding. The solids are ground to a particle size of a few microns. The particles adsorb and absorb the liquid substance fully, so that a solid fertilizer product results which neither smells nor endangers the ground water. All of the valuable materials from the liquid substance and from the harvest leftovers are retained in the finished product, which is a high potency fertilizer. The fertilizer can be applied with methods and devices which are conventionally used in agriculture. An apparatus for performing the method includes a grinder/blender which is supplied independently from a harvest leftover storage and from a liquid substance storage. The materials are measured for exact mixture and the pH value may be adjusted.

Abstract: A method for the production of granules by the use of a high speed agitated granulating machine provided with agitating means for rolling and agitating a substance for granulation, spray means for spraying a binding liquid on the substance, disintegrating means for disintegrating particles arising from granulation, and drying means for drying the particles, characterized by effecting the production by causing the means to act on the substance for granulation simultaneously thereby performing the agitating, granulating, disintegrating, and drying operations simultaneously. An apparatus for automatically implementing the method is also disclosed. The method for high speed agitating sterilization according to this invention is capable of producing granules which are extremely homogeneous in contents of components and excellent in flowability and compression moldability. The granules in process of formation do not easily form coarse lumps as by cohesion and the produced granules possess stable quality.

Abstract: A device for extinguishing and disposing of cigarettes, cigars, or other similar smoking materials is provided. The device employs cutter bars which draw in and grind up the cigarette, cigar, or other similar smoking material into a coarse residue. Further, an extinguishing material is utilized to extinguish the cigarette, cigar or other smoking material. The extinguishing material may also act as a deodorizer or an additional deodorizing element may be incorporated. In addition, a fan to draw smoke emanating from the smoking material and through a deodorizing filter may be employed to deodorized the smoke produced and thus provide for discharge of deodorized air from the device. In this way, the inventive device serves to extinguish, deodorize, and grind the cigarette, cigar, or other similar smoking material into a substantially odorless residue which is more easily assimilated back into the environment.

Abstract: A selected kaolin crude or crude fraction is purified by physical or physical/chemical means, such as froth flotation and/or selective flocculation, to remove discrete particles of TiO.sub.2 and in some cases, discrete iron minerals. The pure (or purified clay) must then be agitated in the presence of water with a particulate grinding media such as, for example, sand, alumina or zirconia beads, to increase the 2 micron content of the kaolin. An intermediate ground product that contains a substantial weight percentage of particles finer than 1 micron is generated as a result of grinding. The particles finer than 1 micron in the ground kaolin also include those particles in the previously pure or purified kaolin that were present in the naturally occurring clay. A pulp of the ground clay is then fractionated to remove particles larger than 2 microns, e.g., to remove at least 95%, preferably at 100% by weight, of the particles larger than 2 microns, while minimizing the removal of particles finer than 1 micron.

Abstract: Aggregate is separated from sludge consisting of, what is called, "the residual raw concrete" remaining in a raw concrete mixing truck from which raw concrete has been discharged, and waste water resulting from washing the mixing truck. Then, the air is forced into the sludge to form bubbles. A chemical admixture in the sludge is allowed to adhere to the bubbles, and an admixture coating within the sludge is destroyed, thereby promoting the hydration of the cement. Subsequently, the resultant sludge is dehydrated to obtain a dehydrated cake of high hardness. Powder formed of the same quality of the cake is spread over the cake, which is then cured for a few hours. The resultant cake is then crushed so that granular aggregate can be formed.

Abstract: A compounding process for preparing a composite that includes introducing one or more fillers and a matrix material into a stirred ball mill and subjecting the fillers and the matrix material to a combination of shear and impact forces under reaction conditions including reaction time sufficient to reduce the size of agglomerates formed by the fillers to a value below a pre-determined value to disperse the fillers throughout the matrix material.

Abstract: A method for milling a powder in a high energy mill which includes steps of forming a milling slurry including a naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand grinding medium having a density in the range of from about 4 g/cc absolute to about 6 g/cc absolute. Also provided is a grinding medium including naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand characterized by a density in the range of from about 4 g/cc absolute to about 6 g/cc absolute.

Abstract: A method of preparing particles of a drug substance or diagnostic imaging agent which comprises grinding the drug substance or imaging agent in the presence of grinding media comprising a polymeric resin. The method provides particles exhibiting reduced contamination.

Abstract: A continuous method of preparing submicron particles of a compound useful in imaging elements (or other materials, such as pigments, etc.) comprises the steps of continuously introducing the compound and rigid milling media into a milling chamber, contacting the compound with the milling media while in the chamber to reduce the particle size of the compound, continuously removing the compound and the milling media from the milling chamber, and thereafter separating the compound from the milling media. In a preferred embodiment, the milling media is a polymeric resin having a mean particles size of less than 300 .mu.m. The method enables the use of fine milling media in a continuous milling process which provides extremely fine particles of the compound useful in imaging elements while avoiding problems, e.g., separator screen plugging associated with prior art processes requiring the separation of compound from the milling media in the milling chamber.

Abstract: A compounding process for preparing a composite that includes introducing one or more fillers and a matrix material into a stirred ball mill and subjecting the fillers and the matrix material to a combination of shear and impact forces under reaction conditions including reaction time sufficient to reduce the size of agglomerates formed by the fillers to a value below a pre-determined value to disperse the fillers throughout the matrix material.

Abstract: This invention provides a co-micronized bicarbonate salt composition which is a blend of ingredients having a particle size between about 0.01-1.0 micron. The composition is produced by mill co-micronization of a crystalline bicarbonate ingredient and a crystalline inorganic compound ingredient having a Mohs hardness value between about 3-7. A co-micronized blend such as sodium bicarbonate and zinc oxide is free-flowing and essentially free of agglomerated particles.

Abstract: A process for comminuting a commercial and/or municipal waste material, having an anti-agglomeration or partitioning agent thereon, by subjecting the material to a compressive shear force. The process can be applied successively until a desired particle size distribution is achieved. This process reduces tendency of solids as being milled to agglomerate together to form larger particles and eventually sheets by charging said solids to the mill with sufficient partitioning agent present to suppress agglomeration to increase the efficiency of the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ultrafine comminution of mineral and organic powders with the aid of ball-milling techniques employing, as the grinding medium, solid (nonporous) metal-carbide microspheres with diameters of from 10 to 100 .mu.m fabricated with the aid of high-temperature plasma-torch reactors from fully liquefied carbides of tungsten, thallium, niobium and vanadium.

Abstract: Replacing binder liquid with ground frozen binder liquid to granulate powders in a mechanical mixing granulator resulting in improving granulation homogeneity, reducing processing time, and simplifying the granulation method.

Abstract: Mixing frozen liquid particles with powder instead of spraying liquid on powder in a mechanical mixer results in improving mixing homogeneity, reducing processing time, and simplifying mixing equipment and method.

Abstract: A process for producing a powder coating composition having powder particles wherein at least 50% of the particles are of a size between 3 and 5 microns and 100% of the particles are of a size .ltoreq.10 microns. The process includes the steps of preparing a powder coating extrudate, reducing the extrudate to flake, jet milling the powder coating to a powder wherein at least 50% of the particles are a particle size of between 3 and 5 microns and 100% of the particles are of a size less than or equal to 10 microns, and adding the powder to a mixture of water and surfactant. Dispersant and rheology control agents are then added to the mixture.

Abstract: A process for preparing a building material from waste material. The waste material is ground and then mixed with an epoxy resin. The mixture of the ground waste material and the epoxy resin is then mixed with a silica material.

Abstract: In producing granules of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester having a particle size of falling within a determined particle size range by compaction granulation, formation of fine powdery .alpha.-APM is prevented by breaking the compacted .alpha.-APM so that the one-pass yield of the granules is elevated and the sieving efficiency is elevated. In a method of preparing granules of .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester by compaction granulation of the ester singly or along with a vehicle of not more than the same amount of the ester, after the compaction or after having roughly broken the compacted material, the material is broken down so as to pass through a screen or perforated plate having pores with a diameter falling within the range of from 1 mm to 10 mm and then further broken and classified.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing solid or semi-solid waste materials with one or more additives to produce a solid nonpolluting end product is disclosed. A receiving hopper equipped with paddle-type chopping auger conveyors receives the solid or semi-solid waste material, reduces the size of lumps contained in the waste material and discharges the material into a batch hopper. The batch hopper is equipped with a weighing mechanism to determine the amount of waste material loaded into the batch hopper and thereby enable the calculation of the appropriate amount of additive(s). The mixture of waste materials and additive(s) is then transferred to a pin blender for homogenization. The homogenized mixture may then be hauled or pumped to a final disposal site.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of preparing discarded food and beverage packagings for recycling. A moisture absorbent powder is added to the packagings prior to shipment to a recycling facility. The present invention may further include an apparatus for breaking open paperboard packages and then treating the open packages with a chemical additive such as baking soda to reduce microbial activity caused by leftover contents within the discarded packages. The packages may then be compressed and sent to a recycling facility.

Abstract: A metal-coated particle is prepared by providing a disintegrator apparatus with a working chamber containing counter-rotating disks equipped with teeth design to accelerate particles towards one another, providing a first material and a second metal as powders, such that the first material is harder than the second metal and introducing the first material and second metal powders into the working chamber of the disintegrator apparatus, whereby the soft second metal collides with the hard material and is coated onto the surface of the hard first material. A metal-coated metal with an intermetallic interface is prepared by introducing a first material and a second metal as powders into a disintegrator working chamber containing counter-rotating disks and teeth designed to accelerate particles towards one another. The first material harder than the second metal and is capable of reacting with the second metal to form an intermetallic compound.

Abstract: A process for producing a high bulk density granular detergent involving the steps of:(1) milling a solidified detergent material;(2) classifying the milled detergent material obtained in step (1) into fine powders and coarse powders;(3) granulating the fine powders classified in step (2);(4) mixing the granulation product of fine powders obtained in step (3) with the course powders classified in step (2); and(5) surface modifying the mixture obtained in the step (4).

Abstract: A method for treating asphalt roofing shingles to be used for recycling in an asphalt plant which mixes asphalt roofing shingles with between about 15% and 50% by weight of a carrier aggregate. The aggregate is fed into a shredder with the shingles or is otherwise mixed with the comminuted shingles to form a recyclable asphaltic material which may be easily stored and transported, and which may also be used in the preparation of asphalt paving composition.

Abstract: An infectious waste, a solid chlorite salt, a solid acid and a preheated aqueous solvent are mixed in a treatment volume. At least a portion of the chlorite salt and acid is dissolved in the preheated aqueous solvent incident to mixing and is reacted to form a treatment solution containing a chlorine dioxide disinfectant and a byproduct acid salt. The infectious waste is contacted with the chlorine dioxide in the treatment solution which attacks and destroys the infectious constituents of the waste, thereby decontaminating the waste. Upon dewatering, the decontaminated waste is suitable for landfilling. Process control is exercised by controlling the temperature of the aqueous solvent. A solvent temperature is selected which optimizes both the chlorine dioxide concentration in the treatment solution and the reactivity of the chlorine dioxide with the infectious constituents.

Abstract: A process for separating bitumen from tar sands, which comprises: a) agitating a mixture of tar sand with substantially coarse clean sand at ambient or below ambient temperature in the presence of water, so as to mechanically shear bitumen and enhance the detachment of bitumen particles from mineral matter in said tar sand, b) eluting the detached bitumen and fine mineral matter from the coarse sand by an upward flow of water while stirring gently, c) returning the coarse sand to step a) for reuse, and d) subjecting the eluted bitumen and fine mineral matter to froth flotation to separate the bitumen from said fine mineral matter, wherein the flotation is effected without using any reagents.

Abstract: A method for sterilizing infectious waste includes placing the waste in a disposal apparatus which has an isolated volume for holding the waste. A dry granulated medium which has a disinfectant constituent is also placed within the isolated volume along with the waste. When the disposal apparatus is activated, an atomized mist is introduced into the volume and the waste, the medium, and the moisture in the mist are thoroughly blended together. The resulting destroyed waste is thoroughly moistened with the disinfectant solution which is formed by the mist and the disinfectant constituents of the medium. Then, the moistened, destroyed waste is heated to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time to ensure efficacious sterilization of the waste.

Abstract: An improved infectious waste treatment system wherein infectious waste is fragmented and converted to a liquid or liquid/sludge form and then is chemically disinfected in a precisely controlled and timed batch process. The disinfection process takes place in an airtight sealed container to insure against release of pathogenic agents into the atmosphere. The process produces a non-toxic and non-infectious liquid or liquid/sludge waste residue which can be safely released into a sanitary sewer, landfilled or otherwise environmentally disposed.

Abstract: A novel method of preparing a new transition alumina fractured into ultra-fine particles which have utility inter alia as catalysts. The method of preparing this new alumina fractured into ultra-fine particles comprises: (a) introducing an alkali metal into the pores of a porous alumina, and (b) immersing the alkali metal-treated alumina in water whereupon hydrogen gas is generated and fractures the alumina into ultra-fine particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of positive or negative active mass of lead accumulators by using the active mass separated from production-refuse plates and/or the active-mass wastes produced during production.According to the invention when positive active mass is prepared then positive active mass, while when the negative active-mass is prepared then negative active-mass, previously dried and heat-treated at a temperature of 500.degree. to 600.degree. C. and optionally ground, is fed into a lead-powder producing mill, together with metal lead, in an amount of at most 80% by mass calculated for the mass of the metal lead, and the product thus obtained is led into the plate production.