Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method comprising discharging a slurry from a vessel to a conduit; where the slurry comprises a liquid and a composition comprising at least two materials having different densities-a first material having a higher density and a second material having a lower density than that of the first material; creating a surge in velocity in slurry flow as it is transported through the conduit; separating the first material from the second material; where the first material is disposed on an inner surface of the conduit and where the second material flows through the conduit to a container; and removing the first material from the inner surface of the conduit.

Abstract: A method for the operation of a jet mill with an integrated dynamic air classifier, wherein particles are fed as grinding stock into a grinding chamber of the jet mill and are ground there into ultra-fine particles by grinding, in that superheated steam or technical gases is/are used as working stock, wherein at least one surface-active additive is fed to the grinding stock for stabilization of the generated ultra-fine particles. A jet mill for performing this method, having an integrated dynamic air classifier, and a grinding chamber into which superheated steam or technical gases are provided as working stock via working stock feed devices as grinding stock and in which the grinding stock is ground into ultra-fine particles by grinding, and wherein feeding devices for at least one surface-active additive for stabilization of the generated ultra-fine particles are provided.

Abstract: A process of comminution of corn stover having a grain direction to produce a mixture of corn stover, by feeding the corn stover in a direction of travel substantially randomly to the grain direction one or more times through a counter rotating pair of intermeshing arrays of cutting discs (D) arrayed axially perpendicular to the direction of corn stover travel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a chemically pure and stably dispersed organic nanoparticle colloidal suspension using an ultrafast pulsed laser ablation process. The method comprises irradiating a target of an organic compound material in contact with a poor solvent with ultrashort laser pulses at a high repetition rate and collecting the nanoparticles of the organic compound produced. The method may be implemented with a high repetition rate ultrafast pulsed laser source, an optical system for focusing and moving the pulsed laser beam, an organic compound target in contact with a poor solvent, and a solvent circulating system to cool the laser focal volume and collect the produced nanoparticle products. By controlling various laser parameters, and with optional poor solvent flow movement, the method provides stable colloids of dispersed organic nanoparticles in the poor solvent in the absence of any stabilizing agents.

Abstract: A process for treating used absorbent sanitary products by providing a rotary cylindrical autoclave having an inner surface and two ends, at least one of which terminates in a hatch that can be opened to enable access to the autoclave and sealably closed to enable pressurization of the autoclave; loading the autoclave with closed absorbent sanitary products; heating to a sterilization temperature and pressurizing the autoclave and at the same time driving the autoclave in rotation about a longitudinal axis thereof; and providing inside the autoclave a load of high-density tearing elements designed to facilitate thermal and physical destructuring of the absorbent sanitary products.

Abstract: In a process for producing a particulate polysaccharide derivative by dry-grinding a moist polysaccharide derivative, one or more of the properties selected from median diameter, median length, bulk density and dissolution rate is controlled by controlling the temperature of the polysaccharide derivative prior to dry-grinding. Advantageously one or more of the properties selected from median diameter, median length, bulk density and dissolution rate of the particles after dry-grinding is adjusted to a first value by a first temperature of the polysaccharide derivative prior to dry-grinding and is adjusted to a second value by a second temperature.

Abstract: Disclose is a method for preparing a cathode material for a lithium secondary battery, the method comprising the steps of: preparing an amorphous silicon oxide; using the prepared silicon oxide as a starting material; and milling the amorphous silicon oxide, a lithium silicon oxide and a transition metal silicon oxide at a predetermined ratio, drying the milled material, and heat-treating the dried material in an atmosphere of inert gas, thereby preparing a lithium transition metal silicon oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a process for manufacturing cell culture media. A specific cooling in combination with a certain type of mill lead to a production process that reduces decrease in the performance of the culture media. Preferably, the process is run continuously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of luminophores and of reflective alumina for optimizing the emissive properties of a fluorescent layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a combustion process using comminuted fuel solids from a steam-driven shear field, with controlled water content and optionally coated with a combustion catalyst. The method allows fuel solids to burn for energy production at low temperatures. The lower temperatures avoid emissions of nitrogen oxides, and the process also yields a clean, friable ash that has economic value.

Abstract: An asphalt roofing material recycling system and method is used to recycle new and used asphalt materials, such as asphalt shingles, rolled roofing and tar paper that may include granules, fibers or other particles. The asphalt material is broken up and separated and then provided to a recycling vessel. When the recycling vessel is operated in a cooled mode, dry ice may be added along with the asphalt material to be recycled. The dry ice removes any moisture present and super-cools the material making it brittle and easier to chip and break up. The recycle vessel includes a number of devices as well as at least one horizontal mixer element which stirs the material and makes sure all material is ground. The resulting course to fine powder can be sorted by screening and stored as power or compressed into bricks or briquettes for later use in making various products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for comminution of mill feed, in particular for the cement industry, wherein the grinding material is subjected in a mill, in particular an air swept roller mill, to a grinding-drying with supply of a hot gas, is classified and fed as a dust-gas mixture to a filter for dust separation. In order to improve the energy balance and to save heat energy which is generated using a hot gas generator it is provided that fresh gas or fresh air, which is admixed for removal of the moisture of the grinding material in a predefinable portion to the recirculated hot gas or process gas, is preheated before admixing. The preheating of the fresh gas takes place in a heat exchanger through transfer of the heat energy of the process gas to be removed which is then discharged at a lower temperature to the environment.

Abstract: This invention relates to the art of methods and apparatuses for grinding various materials into smaller particles; particularly, to those known in the art as pulverizing systems and devices. This invention provides methods and apparatuses for an improved disc mill assembly that utilizes a tapered flywheel and water jacket in conjunction with planar grinding disk cutting devices to create a tapered grinding channel.

Abstract: The present invention related to a method for the recycling of batteries by recovering and regenerating the cathode material. The method includes the steps of isolating the cathode particles and then regenerating the cathode particles for use in the same type of battery.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating used absorbent sanitary products, comprising, a rotary cylindrical autoclave having an inner surface and two ends, at least one of which terminates in a hatch that can be opened to enable access to said autoclave and sealably closed to enable pressurization of said autoclave; and a circuit for heating and pressurizing the autoclave for heating the absorbent sanitary products to a sterilization temperature, wherein said autoclave comprises a sealing layer on said inner surface, designed to prevent adhesion on said inner surface of material coming from destructuring of said absorbent sanitary products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making a particulate material comprising; providing mineral wool base material in a form having size at least 80% not more than 40 mm, subjecting the mineral wool base material to sintering by use of a pulse combustor and thereby forming a particulate material in the form of particles having size at least 80% not more than 20 mm. An apparatus for carrying out the method comprises means for size reduction of coherent mineral wool substrate and a reaction chamber in communication with a pulse combustor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for generating fine particles in a jet mill which operates at a pressure of a milling gas of less than or equal to 4 bar in abs value and a temperature of the mill of less than 100° C., a process for simultaneous milling and surface modifications of the fine particles, a jet mill for operating the process and products obtained by the process.

Abstract: Methods for the recycling of carpet are disclosed that produce clean face fiber suitable for industrial use. The methods allow the recovery of face fiber material, for example a polyester or a polyamide, from carpets that includes a face fiber material and a backing material, and include the steps of heating the carpet to a temperature lower than the melting point of the face fiber material, but higher than the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the backing material, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to thermally decompose, pyrolyze, or oxidize at least a portion of the backing material, rendering the backing material friable, that is more friable than the untreated backing; and applying mechanical force to the carpet so as to liberate the friable backing material from the face fiber material.

Abstract: A process of comminution of corn stover having a grain direction to produce a mixture of corn stover, by feeding the corn stover in a direction of travel substantially randomly to the grain direction one or more times through a counter rotating pair of intermeshing arrays of cutting discs (D) arrayed axially perpendicular to the direction of corn stover travel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for destroying data on a hard drive having at least one platter on which data is stored extending from a central hub comprising. The platters are shredded while leaving at least substantially all of said hub unshredded. One or two cutting tools may be used.

Abstract: In a horizontal-type mechanical grinding mill in which a rotor is arranged in a stator, the axial direction of the rotor is the horizontal direction, a rotor cooling water inlet from which cooling water is brought into a rotor cooling water flow passage of the rotor is provided in the rotor on the side of a ground item discharge port in the axial direction, and a rotor cooling water outlet from which the cooling water comes out after passing through the rotor cooling water flow passage is provided in the rotor on the side of an item-to-be-ground supply port in the axial direction.

Abstract: Preparations derived from placental materials and methods of making and using same, the preparations including a first preparation composed of placental membranes digested in collagenase, a second preparation composed of multipotent cells derived from the collagenase digested placental membranes and that are grown in adherent culture beyond confluence and a third preparation composed of ground placental membranes re-suspended in a fluid containing hyaluronic acid. The preparations can be used for regenerating damaged or defective tissue including connective tissue, nerve tissue, muscle tissue, skin tissue, cartilage tissue and bone tissue. The preparations can also be used as dermal fillers in cosmetic and plastic surgery applications.

Abstract: An additive for hydroconversion processes includes a solid organic material having a particle size of between about 0.1 and about 2,000 ?m, a bulk density of between about 500 and about 2,000 kg/m3, a skeletal density of between about 1,000 and about 2,000 kg/m3 and a humidity of between 0 and about 5 wt %. Methods for preparation and use of the additive are also provided. By the use of the additive of the present invention, the hydroconversion process can be performed at high conversion level.

Abstract: A composition is provided that includes extracts of green tea and rosemary extract optionally along with adjuvant and/or excipient. In addition, provided is a process for the preparation of said composition. Also provided is a composition including extract of green tea, rosemary extract and synthetic antioxidant optionally along with adjuvant and/or excipient.

Abstract: In a method of reclaiming constituent components of sealed batteries, the batteries are initially ground to form a ground feedstock. The ground feedstock is heated to form a dried feedstock. The dried feedstock is screen separated into a coarse fraction and a powder fraction, the coarse fraction including a magnetic fraction and a non-magnetic fraction. The coarse fraction and the powder fraction are further vibratorily segregated. The magnetic fraction may be magnetically extracted from the coarse fraction, while the powder fraction is outputted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus processing materials including municipal waste at ambient pressure and low temperatures, and processing materials; the apparatus comprising an elongated rotating cylindrical configuration.

Abstract: A process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles, wherein an aqueous polymer gel is applied by means of a swivel belt to the conveyor belt of a forced-air belt drier, and the swivel belt, proceeding from one end position, is accelerated through a first pivot angle to an angular speed v1, decelerated through a second pivot angle to an angular speed v2 and decelerated through a third pivot angle to the other end position.

Abstract: Mixture of particles comprising a non-conducting or semi-conducting nucleus covered with a hybrid conductor coating and hybrid conductor chains located between the particles of the mixture to constitute a conductivity network, that is prepared by mechanical crushing. Due to a very good conductivity of the network, a low resistivity, a very good capacity under elevated current and/or a good density of energy, these mixtures of particles are advantageously incorporated in anodes and cathodes of electrochemical generators, resulting in highly performing electrochemical systems.

Abstract: An asphalt roofing material recycling system and method is used to recycle new and used (post consumer) asphalt materials, such as asphalt shingles, rolled roofing and tar paper that may include granules, fibers or other particles. The asphalt material, which may be in bundles, is broken up and separated and then provided to a cooled recycling vessel. Dry ice is added along with the asphalt material to be recycled. The dry ice removes any moisture present and super-cools the material making it brittle and easier to chip and break up. The recycle vessel includes a number of high speed shippers having tulip hear chipping teeth as well as one horizontal mixer element which stirs the material and makes sure all material is ground. The resulting course to fine powder can be separated by screening and stored as power or compressed into bricks or briquettes.

Abstract: A cooling arrangement adapted to be used in a process of preparing a fine powder, and a method for using same are described. The cooling arrangement (100) comprises: a solid particles feed ingress means, a solid particles mixing means (140), a plurality of cooling air discharging devices (130) and a solid particles egress means. The cooling arrangement is characterized in that the averaged diameter of the solid particles fed the said solid particles ingress means is essentially less than 6 mm. Preferably, the solid particles are fed to the cooling arrangement and free fall (120) onto the bottom section thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides spherical shaped crystals of common salt having size distribution in the range of 100-500 ?m and a process for preparation of the said salt. The above mentioned size range is relevant for many important edible and non-edible applications of salt. The salt is demonstrated to have superior flow properties compared to the cubic counterpart. The free flow property of the salt can be further enhanced through surface treatment with additive such as glycine. The salt is produced by cost-effective mechanical means and such production is amenable to scale up.

Abstract: A system and method for processing objects having contaminating particles includes the steps of shredding the objects in a shredding chamber to form a plurality of shredded fragments, wherein the shredding chamber is arranged to be substantially combustion resistant, and removing the contaminating particles from the plurality of shredded fragments.

Abstract: [Problems] To provide a means and method for providing a pulverized extracted tooth product without causing the extracted teeth to lose their original properties. To provide a new material, originated from the pulverized extracted tooth product and imbued with new properties suited to the regeneration and the like of the alveolar bone. [Solving means] A method for preparing a pulverized product of extracted tooth, comprising the pulverizing of extracted tooth with a pulverizing apparatus to obtain a pulverized product of an extracted tooth. The pulverizing apparatus comprises a sealable pulverizing chamber and freely rotating pulverizing blade within said pulverizing chamber, and the extracted tooth are pulverized by said pulverizing apparatus together with pieces of physiological saline ice. A method of preparing a demineralized powder originated from an extracted tooth by means of an acid treatment of the pulverized product of extracted tooth obtained by the above method to obtain a demineralized powder.

Abstract: A milling apparatus in which at least two independently driven axiaily mounted elements are eccentrically mounted one within the other so as to define a processing chamber (12) therebetween with the minimum radial gap between the elements at one position being diametrically opposite to the maximum radial gap. Stresses are applied to the material by passing it through the minimum radial gap, which is adjustable. The elements may be rotated in the same direction to apply compressive and extensional stresses to material within the minimum gap, or in opposite directions to apply shear stresses to the material within this gap. A third element may be incorporated within the chamber to provide heat transfer and distributive mixing to the stressed material.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cooling and processing materials are disclosed.

Abstract: Processes are provided for preparing a substantially free-flowing alkali metal gasification catalyst-loaded coal particulate suitable for use as a feedstock for the production of gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the catalytic gasification of the catalyst-loaded coal particulate in the presence of steam.

Abstract: Processes are provided for preparing a substantially free-flowing alkali metal gasification catalyst-loaded carbonaceous particulate suitable for use as a feedstock for the production of gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the catalytic gasification of the catalyst-loaded carbonaceous particulate in the presence of steam.

Abstract: A system for destructuring pretreated biomass includes a pretreating device for producing a pressurized mass of material having a predetermined elevated temperature a process utility disposed downstream of the pretreating device; and a combined tangential shear homogenizing and flashing apparatus connected intermediate the pretreating device and the process utility. The combined tangential shear homogenizing and flashing apparatus imparts a tangential shear to a volume of pretreated biomass while a pressure difference causes a partial phase separation of the homogenized biomass into vapor and liquid phases. A conduit for providing uninterrupted fluid communication between the outlet of the housing and the process utility for conducting the vapor and liquid phases directly into the process utility.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relate to a system for cooling a compression screw that includes a compression screw. The system may include a hollowed shaft, a tubular body extending through a proximal end portion to a distal end portion of the hollowed shaft, at least one flight, including a chamber in fluid connection with the tubular body, and a rotary union connected with the compression screw shaft, which is adapted to allow fluid to flow from a relatively stationary inlet into the compression screw such that fluid is adapted to be circulated through the tubular body and the at least one flight for cooling the compression screw.

Abstract: An under-sink waste processing appliance includes a waste separator which extracts liquid from organic waste and a composting aid and passes such extracted liquid to a residential drain line. The remaining solid, in the form of organic pulp, is dried in a dryer and deposited in a removable collection receptacle.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention generally provide processes for recovering and/or using one or more constituent components of carpeting. More specifically, various embodiments provide processes for reclaiming a filler material from carpet as well as processes for using the recovered filler material in subsequent carpet manufacturing processes. The present filler recovery processes can provide recycled filler material, which can be extracted at various stages of processing, and in different purities, depending on the subsequent need or use for the recovered filler material. In some instances, the filler recovery processes described herein can be implemented as sub-processes for recycling other carpet components.

Abstract: A method for forming nanometer-sized super-iron salt particles and a storage battery having the nanometer-sized super oxidized iron salts is provided. The method includes providing super-iron salts, and grinding the super-iron salts to nanometer-sized super-iron salt particles in a water-free environment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for processing brown coal for combustion and/or gasification for the purpose of power generation, wherein the brown coal moist from the pit is firstly subjected to preliminary crushing and is subsequently comminuted. The milled coal is then fed to drying in a fluidized-bed dryer. The process is characterized in that the milling apparatus is followed by a control sieving facility, with the sieve opening being selected so that essentially 100% of the brown coal passes the sieve.

Abstract: Disclose is a method for preparing a cathode material for a lithium secondary battery, the method comprising the steps of: preparing an amorphous silicon oxide; using the prepared silicon oxide as a starting material; and milling the amorphous silicon oxide, a lithium silicon oxide and a transition metal silicon oxide at a predetermined ratio, drying the milled material, and heat-treating the dried material in an atmosphere of inert gas, thereby preparing a lithium transition metal silicon oxide.

Abstract: An asphalt roofing material recycling system and method is used to recycle new and used (post consumer) asphalt materials, such as asphalt shingles, rolled roofing and tar paper that may include granules, fibers or other particles. The asphalt material, which may be in bundles, is broken up and separated and then provided to a cooled recycling vessel. Dry ice is added along with the asphalt material to be recycled. The dry ice removes any moisture present and super-cools the material making it brittle and easier to chip and break up. The recycle vessel includes a number of high speed shippers having tulip hear chipping teeth as well as one horizontal mixer element which stirs the material and makes sure all material is ground. The resulting course to fine powder can be separated by screening and stored as power or compressed into bricks or briquettes.

Abstract: The present invention involves a method for producing pearl powder through levigation and rolling porcelain balls. The method the present invention prevents metal element from mixing into the pearl powder, thus ensuring the pure naturalness and medicinal value of the pearl powder.

Abstract: An anode active material for a lithium secondary battery having a high capacity and a high efficiency of charge discharge characteristics. The anode active material includes a silicon mono-phase and an alloy phase formed of silicon with a metal element at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al, Cr, Co, and Zn. The anode active material is a powder in which the silicon mono-phase is uniformly distributed in a matrix of the alloy phase, has particle size distribution defined as D0.1 and D0.9, and the value of D0.1-D0.9 is in a range from about 3 ?m to about 15 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for recovery of copper, aluminum, carbon and cathode material from spent lithium ion batteries having lithium metal oxide cathode material. The cathode material which is recovered can be regenerated with lithium hydroxide and reused as cathode material.

Abstract: A process of comminution of wood chips (C) having a grain direction to produce a mixture of wood particles (P), wherein the wood chips are characterized by an average length dimension (LC) as measured substantially parallel to the grain, an average width dimension (WC) as measured normal to LC and aligned cross grain, and an average height dimension (HC) as measured normal to WC and LC, wherein WC>LC, and wherein the comminution process comprises the step of feeding the wood chips in a direction of travel substantially randomly to the grain direction through a counter rotating pair of intermeshing arrays of cutting discs (D) arrayed axially perpendicular to the direction of wood chip travel, wherein the cutting discs have a uniform thickness (TD), and wherein at least one of LC, WC, and HC is less than TD.

Abstract: Clean glass particles are produced from post-consumer mixed glass and like waste streams by a series of pulverizing, size- and material-based separation, ozonation, drying, sizing, and paper fluff removal steps.