Abstract: Deaggregated highly disperse silicic acid, in which the average particle size is less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm, is prepared by extremely high mechanical stress. The deaggregated silicic acid is employed as a filler in silicone rubber mixtures.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for drying and grinding moist raw cement or other material wherein the moist material is introduced to a grinding zone at which it is ground to produce relatively fine and relatively coarse particles which are separated and delivered to separate outlets. Hot drying gas is delivered to the path of fresh material flowing to the grinding zone to pre-dry such material, and the ground particles flowing to the respective discharge outlets are further dried by hot gas. The further dried relatively coarse particles are delivered the fresh material inlet and mixed with fresh material therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to upgrading iron ore to decrease the amount of nonferrous materials therein, and to thereby increase the iron content thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to a process utilizing magnetic fields to separate a significant amount of non-magnetic material, such as silica or pyrolusite, from valuable iron oxide in an iron ore or iron ore concentrate. The invention therefore finds advantageous use to provide an improved source of iron oxides for high purity uses such as, for example, direct reduction processes and heavy media coal beneficiation processes.

Abstract: A process for economically handling spent mercury containing lamps in an efficient manner while protecting the environment against the release of mercury vapors into the atmosphere along with creation of non-toxic recyclable by-product materials therefrom is disclosed. The process includes the steps of: transporting a lamp crushing apparatus on a mobile vehicle to a site whereat mercury containing lamps are collected; loading the mercury containing lamps within a closed chamber defined by the lamp crushing apparatus; and, crushing the mercury containing lamps within the closed chamber while simultaneously extracting substantially all hazardous mercury vapors from the closed chamber during the crushing process to create non-toxic recyclable by-product materials from the lamps loaded into the closed chamber.

Abstract: A pulverizer for pulverizing a product has a container and at least one working part within the container, which may contain a pulverizing medium. At least one of (1) an inner liner of the container, (2) an outer shell of the working part and (3) an outer shell of the pulverizing medium is formed from a composite ceramic material containing aluminum oxide material as a main component, and zirconium oxide material in an amount of 15-40 wt. %. At least one of Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 and CeO.sub.2 is present in the zirconium oxide material in an amount of 0.1-5 mol %. A pulverizer may comprise at least one of a working part of the pulverizer and a container having a Vickers hardness (Hv) of 1300 kgf/mm.sup.2 or higher, and a pulverizing medium whose Vickers hardness (Hv) is 100-600 kgf/mm.sup.2 lower than that of the Vickers hardness of said at least one of the working part and the container member.

Abstract: Fiberglass filament waste is cut into segments with an apparatus comprised of a feeder that includes a cutting roller having a rotatable shaft with a plurality of spaced circular cutting blades mounted thereon, and a waste feeder having a discharge opening adjacent said roller for conveying said waste into engagement with the periphery of the blades, the feeder including at first and second spaced surfaces extending from a waste inlet opening to a waste discharge opening, at least one of the surfaces being pivotal adjacent the waste inlet opening to expand the discharge opening under pressure from waste being conveyed between the surfaces. At least one of the surfaces, which may be a surface of a conveyor belt, is moveable toward the discharge opening, while the other surface may be stationary, or move toward the discharge opening. In one embodiment, the lower surface moves toward the discharge opening, while the upper surface moves away from the discharge opening to equalize the volume of waste being fed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for grinding granular solids in liquid slurry form within a mill. The solids density of the feed slurry is maintained below the solids density in the mill, thus causing the liquid to flush through the mill, preferentially carrying and discharging finer relative to coarser particles. Discharged solids thus have a smaller concentration of overground solids, and grinding capacity and power consumption by the mill are optimized.

Abstract: An alumina-zirconia sintered body comprising 92 to 35% by weight of aluminum oxide and 8 to 65% by weight of zirconium oxide having mainly tetragonal system, and 0.2 to 5 parts by weight of silicon oxide per 100 parts by weight of the total of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide, and having a relative density of 95% or more, has improved wear resistance and suitable for use in an impact grinder.

Abstract: Containerized medical waste is treated by shredding, and then passing the shredded material, by means of a screw conveyor, through a direct steam impingement stage and a dehydration stage in which the material is brought into contact with a hot surface to vaporize moisture and thereafter passed through a low pressure chamber in which the vapor is drawn off.

Abstract: An improved method for treating crumb rubber particles for use in asphalt compositions is characterized by activating the particles to enhance the rheological properties thereof. A slurry of crumb rubber particles is formed by adding water thereto. The slurry is heated to a temperature of 85-90.degree. C. to release excess oils and chemicals from the particles into the slurry. The slurry is dried to produce a fine mesh rubber product with enhanced rheological properties.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and a method of operating a grinder for chipping and shredding material into waste, the grinder including a generally cylindrical drum having an exterior surface with a plurality of pockets formed into the exterior surface. Within each pocket, at least one of a plurality of bits are removably positioned, with each bit having a base securable into the pocket providing an upper cutting edge portion of each bit that extends above the exterior surface. Each upper cutting edge extends outward in an arcuate curving shape from each side of the bit, forming a self-sharpening sharp outer edge for each side of the bit. Each pocket and removable bit has a center line that may be angled off-set with respect to a center line of the radius of the rotor drum, providing protrusion of the leading cutting edge of each bit above the exterior surface so that the leading cutting edges of the plurality of bits are placed in contact with the material to be chipped and shredded.

Abstract: The bone grinder of this invention is capable of consistently producing ground bone particles of varying particle sizes, depending on the grinder head employed. The device provides the ability to easily interchange grinder heads according to the needs of a surgeon and the novel grinder head design optimizes the use of available bone stock by cutting the bone rather than crushing the bone.

Abstract: An improvement relating to a rotary mineral breaker tip assembly and components therefor. A tip assembly is provided which presents an edge of a wear resistant tip which is able to be positioned within a rotary mineral breaker assembly by use of a position modifying means.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) having a rotating fiberizing disc (26, 226 or 326) for fiberizing wood blocks (100) to produce fibrous elements is described. The apparatus includes a housing (12) within which is mounted the disc. The disc is provided with a series of rows (32, 232 or 332) of teeth (28, 228 or 328) on the front planar face (26A, 226A or 326A) as well as a scraper (30, 230 or 330). The wood block is advanced to the face of the disc in a manner such that its long grain direction can be controlled at various angles with respect to the path of the circularly travelling teeth and thereby changing the nature of the resulting fibrous elements.

Abstract: An apparatus for comminuting glass is disclosed having a housing. Within the housing are a plurality of weighted members or hammers, flexibly connected to and spaced about a rotatable shaft. A drive member rotates the shaft, causing the hammers to rotate about the shaft and define a rotation circumference. A glass intake opening located at the top portion of the housing is provided to introduce glass into the apparatus. A first adjustable plate is located adjacent the glass intake opening and positioned to provide a space between the first adjustable plate and the hammers' rotation circumference. A first glass suspension chamber is defined by the glass intake opening, the first adjustable plate, and the rotation circumference of the hammers. In operation, the shaft is rotated, causing the weighted members to spin about the shaft. A quantity of glass is introduced into the apparatus, and the weighted members contact the glass, causing the glass to strike the first adjustable plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for grinding and sifting a product, in which the product is embrittled by a coolant and is comminuted in a mill (8), the comminuted product being fed, after comminution while keeping away ambient air and the moisture this involves, to a sifter (14). With the process and the apparatus according to the invention, the product can be comminuted and sifted in a closed-loop process without separating agents having to be fed to the ground product prior to sifting to overcome electrostatic charging. The sifter (14) is preferably operated with the gaseous coolant which is used to operate the mill (8) so that any losses of sifter circuit gas occurring during sifting can be compensated by feeding in a gaseous coolant. The total duration of the process can be reduced considerably.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating the surfaces of solid particles has at least a first cylindrical treating chamber and a rotary shaft and a first rotor having two or more blades on its front face, contained in the first cylindrical treating chamber. A powder charging aperture for introducing the solid particles into the first cylindrical treating chamber together with gas is provided at the center of the front wall of the first cylindrical treating chamber, opposed to the front face of the first rotor. A first powder discharging aperture for discharging the treated solid particles is provided at the center of the rear wall of the first cylindrical treating chamber, opposed to the rear face of the first rotor. The first rotor is connected with the rotary shaft and rotated by the rotation of the rotary shaft. The height H.sub.a of the blades, the gap L.sub.1a between the tip of each of the blades and the front wall, the largest diameter R.sub.1a of the first rotor and the gap L.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for directly and multiply making material collide in an essentially deterministic manner, the material being guided by a rotating guide member, from a central feed, along a guide face and to a delivery end, in such a manner, that the material leaves the guide member, from an essentially predetermined take-off location, at an essentially predetermined take-off angle and at a take-off velocity which can be selected with the aid of the angular velocity, with the instantaneous angle (.theta.

Abstract: A vegetation shredder includes an elongated shaft to which a Frisbee-like disk element is attached downwardly facing and extending over a fastening collar to which elongated shredding tie elements are fastened around the periphery. The disk includes a downwardly extending peripheral rim which assists in creating a vacuum chamber between the disk and the shredding elements into which leaves are drawn.

Abstract: A device for comminuting raw materials like glass, rock, rubber buffings and the like, is disclosed. Raw material is propelled outwardly towards violent impact against a circular wall and then lifted by rapidly rising air for separation and possible return for further propelling outwardly towards impact against the circular wall.

Abstract: The present invention is a mobile crusher and a method for controlling the same, wherein the most suitable amount of crushed substances can be always secured so as to obtain crushed substances having a desired particle size distribution.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a mobile hammermill apparatus for pulverizing and compacting waste and soil in road construction, disaster cleanup, forestry, agriculture, and particularly at landfill sites, in a single operation. The mobile apparatus achieves superior compaction densities by using a plurality of compacting and pulverizing members that are mounted rotatably on a plurality of eccentrically mounted shafts running parallel to a main shaft, which rotates to cause the compacting and pulverizing members to impact the surface beneath the apparatus. The rear of the apparatus is supported by a compactor drum which provides a shield to prevent debris from being ejected from the rear of the compactor and provides a mass to compact the pulverized waste and soil as the apparatus is moved across the surface of the landfill.

Abstract: A new Agricultural Feed Mixer Blade for providing a mixer blade with improved impact and wear resistance. The inventive device includes a plate having a leading edge with a plurality of teeth arranged in a stepped contiguous relationship therealong, and an elongated cutting element affixed to a face edge of each of the teeth wherein the cutting element is formed of a substance harder than that of the plate such as a cemented carbide. The blade is mountable to the auger of the agricultural feed mixer whereby the leading edge of the plate substantially protrudes beyond a periphery of the auger.

Abstract: A breakdown tool (10) for solid materials having fibrous constituents is attached to a container. The container accepts the material in a batch or continuous fashion. The breakdown tool (10) includes one or more material breakdown elements (21) which are disposed at separations from each other on or at a shaft (20). The outer girth of the shaft (20) in the region between the material breakdown elements (21) is larger than the maximum fiber length of the fibrous constituents occurring during the breakdown process. For this reason, the fibrous constituents occurring during the breakdown processing cannot interfere with the functioning of the breakdown tool (10). The breakdown process can consequently be carried out without interruption.

Abstract: A driving device of a jaw crusher of attachment type comprising a hydraulic cylinder having a rod connected with a movable member; a hydraulic source provided on a body of a hydraulic excavator having a mobile travel device; and a control mechanism for supplying a hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic cylinder so that the rod is extended and retracted reciprocatively and detecting a hydraulic pressure at an extension side of the hydraulic cylinder and a retraction side thereof, thus switching extension and retraction operations of the rod to each other when the hydraulic pressure at the extension side of the hydraulic cylinder or the retraction side thereof exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: The present invention is a universal shredder for shearing and cutting bulk material into pieces of a predetermined size. The apparatus has rotating shearing members that pull the bulk material down between the shearing members and shearing it into sheared pieces. Grooves formed by helically-shaped members extending from the bodies of the shearing members carry the sheared material downward to a main cutting member where the sheared material is cut by cutting teeth removably attached to the helically-shaped members as the cutting teeth pass through notches in the main cutting member. The cut pieces fall or are pushed through the notches in the main cutting member and pass through apertures in a screen positioned beneath the shearing members. The size of the apertures can be adjusted by moving the screen which is supported by a series of parallel ribs with lugs attached in a pattern that matches the pattern of the apertures of the screen.

Abstract: A superior grade of flake mica product may be produced by applying shear forces to sedimentary mica to delaminate it into flakes. Shear forces are applied by rotating a plurality of arcuate blades within a confined cylindrical chamber containing the mica, such that the mica is forced between an outer portion of each blade and the chamber. Each one of the arcuate blades is curved to define an end portion that is spaced from, and substantially concentric with, a portion of the cylindrical chamber.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a hydrogen-storage-alloy powder for batteries, which is a useful material for a negative electrode of a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery whose internal pressure in an overcharged state is low, the method comprising a process for crushing a hydrogen-storage-alloy ingot into a coarse alloy powder in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and a process for mechanically grinding the coarse alloy powder in contact with an aqueous solution in which any one of salts including a sulfite, hydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate is dissolved or with an aqueous alkali solution containing cobalt.

Abstract: A machine and method for pulverizing solid polymer materials into smaller particles uses a pulverizer head having a rotor with a conical contact surface and a stationary dish with a corresponding inverted conical contact surface. The dish and rotor are axially aligned and spaced apart to define a gap of fixed width between them. The material is conveyed into the gap at 0 PSI from a screw extruder. Rotation of the rotor generates shear forces within the gap that pulverizes the material, with the pulverized particles leaving the pulverizer head at the outer margin of the gap.

Abstract: A moving point involved in a movable teeth plate of an eccentric jaw crusher rotates on a closed loop, being called hysteresis curve in the specification. An angle between a major axis of the curve and the surface of a fixed teeth plate is a significant factor for crushing. The inventor found the fact that the alternation of the angle enables crushing ability to be rich. The angle is incontinuously varied. One of the positions at which a toggle plate is rotatably supported is selected. A larger angle is suitable for crushing harder materials, concrete for example, a small angle being suitable for soft materials, asphalt, for example. One self moving crusher can crush harder and soft materials at the same field where buildings are destroyed, or roads are repaired.

Abstract: A method of driving a dual axis shearing type crushing machine mounted on a self-traveling vehicle body for crushing crushable building scraps at a building wrecking site. The crushing machine includes a pair of rotary shafts provided with a plurality of cutters within a housing on the vehicle body. The rotary shafts are supported sidelong so as to be concurrently rotatable, and the crushing machine also includes a scraper attached to an inner surface of the housing on the vehicle body so as to oppose the cutters and the rotary shafts.

Abstract: According to the method for controlling the grinding of mineral raw materials, at a predetermined value i* of the impregnation level to which the fines of the specimen are impregnated by the impregnating agent, the effective spin-lattice relaxation time of the impregnating agent protons is measured. Each time the parameters of the grinding process are set so that the approximation s'.sub.NMR for the specific surface area of the fines will attain a prescribed value s.sup.o.sub.NMR. Each time the residue percentage of the fines retained on a sieve is determined and at the onset of an increase of the residue percentage the grinding is controlled so that a subsequent agglomeration of fines particles is suppressed. The fines are impregnated by a liquid impregnanting agent comprising hydrogen atoms.

Abstract: A moving point involved in a movable teeth plate of an eccentric jaw crusher rotates on a closed loop, being called hysteresis curve in the specification. The motion of rotation has a top side dead point and a bottom side dead point on one cycle. The normal rotation in the normal direction enables harder materials, concrete, for example to be crushed at high efficiency, the reverse rotation in the reverse direction enabling soft materials, asphalt, for example to be also crushed at high efficiency. One self moving crusher can crush harder and soft materials at the same field where buildings are destroyed, or roads are repaired.

Abstract: A device and a process for delumping pasty masses in waste materials from paper manufacture. The delumping means employs at least one rotating cylindrical drum having a plurality of flexible fingers mounted on the drum. Pasty masses are supplied to the delumper preferably by a chute mounted to the top of the delumper, and are struck by the flexible fingers of the rotating drum. Annular recesses are formed at the base of the flexible fingers which mates with a plurality of bores in the drum housings. Preferably, the fingers are rubber.

Abstract: Sol-gel alumina that is dried but unfired can be explosively comminuted by feeding the dried gel into a furnace held at temperatures above those at which vaporizable materials are eliminated from the particles of gel. At suitably elevated temperatures the firing is sufficient to form fully densified alpha alumina particles of a size suitable for direct use as abrasive grits.

Abstract: A shredder is provided for shredding agglomerated metal scrap from a machining process. The shredder includes a rotatable shredding tool mounted on a drive shaft that is rotated using conventional power transmission devices. The axis of the shredder drive shaft is approximately in-line with the drive shaft of a feed device that delivers metal scrap to be shredded to the rotating shredding tool. The shredding tool is rotated so that the teeth of the shredding tool tear against the leading edge of the agglomerated metal scrap. Optionally, fixed hooks are located on one or both of the feed device and the shredder housing for engaging the agglomerated metal scrap. Where fixed hooks or anchors are used, the rotating tool engages the agglomerated metal scrap and spins the metal scrap against the fixed hooks, thus causing further shredding to occur. The shredding tool may be spring-loaded for axial movement in such a way as to allow it to move away from an object that causes it to jam.

Abstract: A crushing machine includes a housing; a rotor rotatably supported in the housing; a plurality of impact tools secured circumferentially to the rotor; and an impact apron pivotally supported in the housing. The impact apron cooperates with the impact tools for crushing a material therebetween. A control device is connected to the impact apron for setting the impact apron at a selected distance from the impact tools to define a crushing gap. There is further provided a measuring device for measuring oscillations of the impact apron upon contact thereof with the impact tools during rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: A garbage handling system (10) including a plurality of garbage collector bins (12) each provided with a reciprocating floor conveyor (50) and a movable, suspended chain assembly (30) at an outlet end (16) of a garbage collector bin for the purpose of breaking up accumulated garbage as the garbage is transferred out of the collector bin to a subsequent processing station, such as an incinerator. The size of each collector bin is large enough to hold several loads of garbage. The chain assembly is movable up and down, as well as laterally, to assist in breaking up garbage that has bound together while in the collector bin. The sidewalls (36) of collector bins (12) are angled inwardly to prevent garbage from becoming lodged between the sidewalls, preventing the reciprocating floor conveyor from moving the garbage.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for separation of relatively volatile from non-volatile material, typically an organic component of agglomerate waste material from an inorganic solid component of the waste. The process includes milling material in a container partially immersed or floating in a bath of molten material to break up the material, typically an agglomerate, and thermally releasing the relatively volatile component as vapor therefrom. The apparatus relates to a desorption vessel at least partially immersed in a molten tin bath for heat transfer from the bath to the interior of the vessel for desorption of the relatively volatile component from such material.

Abstract: A device and method for both liberating rubber from other parts of a tire, and cutting the rubber and other parts to an appropriate size for recycling.

Abstract: A garbage disposal for decomposing garbage with microorganisms. The garbage disposal has a tank containing a mixture of garbage, a medium having microorganisms, stirring means for stirring the mixture in the tank in order to supply air into the mixture, and control means for controlling water content percentage of the mixture. The control means controls a stirring of the mixture and/or a temperature of the mixture and/or an air volume blown on the mixture in order to keep water content percentage in a proper value at which the microorganisms are active and a lifetime of the medium is extended.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for compacting and pulverizing waste and soil, including a mechanism for cutting wire, tubing, hoses, plastics, carpet, mattresses, and other like materials that tend to be present at landfill and other waste sites and that can interfere with the operation of a compacting and pulverizing apparatus. The mobile compactor, pulverizer and cutting method achieves superior performance in terms of increased compacting ability by using a plurality of compacting and pulverizing members that are mounted rotatably on a plurality of rods running parallel to a main shaft, which compacting and pulverizing members rotate about the main shaft during operation to compact and pulverize waste and soil and other materials.

Abstract: Fiberglass filament hulls are cut to form fiberglass staple fibers with an apparatus comprising a cutting roller with a plurality of equally spaced, circular, diamond coated cutting blades separated by circular spacers having a diameter less than the diameter of the cutting blades; a circumferentially grooved pressure roller positioned parallel to the cutting roller and forming a nip therewith, with the periphery of the blades extending in non-engaging relation into the grooves; and a conveyor for flattening and conveying the hulls into the nip of the cutting and pressure rollers with the hull filaments being oriented substantially transverse to the blades while the cutting roller is rotated at a significantly greater speed than the pressure roller, whereby the hull filaments are held against the cutting roller by the pressure roller, and cut into staple fiber lengths by the blades.

Abstract: The comminution apparatus comprises a drive shaft having a roller bearing which is disposed in a housing. A temperature detector mounted in the housing monitors the temperature of the roller bearing. Hydraulic fluid is supplied to a circumferential groove in the housing to apply hydraulic pressure to the outer raceway. The hydraulic fluid pressure is monitored by a pressure detector and gage and may be vented by a manually operated relief valve. The drive shaft is rotated at normal operating speed and normal load with the bearing clearance at maximum until the bearing reaches an equilibrium temperature. Raising the hydraulic pressure develops a force on the rear surface of the outer raceway, biasing the outer raceway towards the shaft and reducing the bearing clearance. Reducing the bearing clearance reduces waste heat generated by skidding between the rollers and the raceway.

Abstract: A coffee grinder which has several different automatic grinding capacities is connected to a coffee brewer which has several different automatic brewing capacities by a control that inhibits brewing of all but the corresponding brew capacity following grinding of a quantity of coffee. The grinder is also inhibited from grinding any more coffee until the appropriate brew cycle of the coffee brewer is started. Once the corresponding brewing cycle is selected, the coffee grinder is reset and any grinding capacity may be selected. A calibration mode for the coffee grinder and the coffee brewer is provided wherein the duration of the grinding cycle or brewing cycle, respectively, is set by manually initiating the cycle and then halting of the cycle when the appropriate capacity is reached. The duration of the cycle is then set for subsequent automatic operation.

Abstract: A fine solid particle aqueous dispersion comprises dispersed particles of a substantially water insoluble nonpolymeric organic compound useful in imaging and a polymeric dispersant having an HLB number of at least 8. The dispersion can be prepared by(a) forming a coarse aqueous slurry of solid particles of said compound and a polymeric dispersant having an HLB number of at least 8; and(b) milling said slurry for a period of time sufficient to provide particles of the desired particle size of less than 0.5 micron.

Abstract: A portable recycle crusher system has a hopper with inward and downward sloping sides, and fold-out hopper extensions. A belt feeder beneath the hopper slides on a slide deck made of a low friction, wear-resistant plastic bolted to a steel plate to prevent tearing of the belt when sharp pointed objects are dumped into the hopper. Stopping and starting and speed of the belt are controlled by remote radio control. Materials fall off the end of the belt feeder onto vibrating screen, which allows fine materials to bypass a crusher. The materials then enter a large rectangular opening of the crusher, and approach rotating hammers at a proper angle and speed. The hammers strike and break the materials and throw them against abrasion-resistant plates. The broken materials fall between the spinning hammers and through sizing screen steel grates, which provide positive product size control.

Abstract: A device for controlling the grinding of coffee comprises a pair of facing grinding plates the distance between which is adjustable in such a way as to be able to vary the dimensions of the grains of coffee obtainable upon grinding. The distance between the grinding plates is adjustable in dependence on the value of the humidity detected by an ambient humidity sensor.

Abstract: A boiler fuel distribution control system in which a boiler fuel demand signal is employed to regulate the rate of grinding of the fuel within predetermined limits of air supply so the grinding of the fuel material is accomplished at a desired mill grinding speed and within a fluid bed differential pressure across the grinding mill to maintain a supply of fuel adequate to keep up the desired boiler operation. It is also a system in which stand alone isolated control computer accessories can be temporarily manually adjusted to the control system until a replacement is available.

Abstract: Adhered paper is separated from paper covered gypsum board by hammermilling the gypsum board through holes of a hammermill grate, the hole size being selected to produce a screenable mixture of pieces of paper and separated gypsum board particles. The mixture may then be screened to segregate the pieces of paper from the particles.