Abstract: An apparatus for tensioning an outer layer or web material about a roll of web material includes a tension roller assembly. The tension roller assembly is defined by a rotatable idler roller that is movable into and out of contact with the outer layer of web material by way of a linear drive mechanism. Idler roller contact with the web material outer layer tensions the outer layer about the roll of web material. A tensioner associated with the idler roller adjusts the rotational drag on the idler roller which controls the amount of tension that the idler roller applies to the web material outer layer. A vacuum retraction assembly of the tensioning apparatus acts to further tension the web material outer layer. The vacuum retraction assembly includes a vacuum bar having a plurality of vacuum cups coupled to a vacuum source.

Abstract: For rationally preparing and laying tape material strips, an exchangeable cassette is provided which is selectively insertable in a cutting station and a laying head. The cassette comprises two rotatable roll holders for a delivery roll from which tape material carried on a support layer is unreeled in the cutting station until the delivery roll is empty and a storage roll on which the support layer carrying cut tape material pieces is wound. The rotatable roll holders in the cutting station and the laying head and holders for the delivery and storage rolls are arranged to form a plug connection.

Abstract: An apparatus has first and second loading means, and first and second rolls each obtained by winding a strip-like material are loaded on the first and second loading means. A detection means detects an end indication tape adhered to a trailing end portion of the strip-like material of the roll. A cutting/unrolling means automatically unrolls the strip-like material from the roll, and cuts the leading and trailing end portions of the strip-like material to form the leading and trailing ends. The unrolled strip-like material is guided along a predetermined path by a guide means. A joining station is arranged midway along the guide path. One strip-like material is fed through the joining station by a feeding means, and the leading end portion of the other strip-like material is stopped and stands by at the joining station.

Abstract: A tape winding apparatus, in which a tape drawn from a pancake reel and loaded onto a reel base is wound and accommodated within a cassette, includes a pancake reel exchanging apparatus, wherein at least two pancake reels coaxially disposed with respect to the axial direction of the reel base are loaded onto the reel base. Therefore, a plurality of pancake reels can be loaded onto this tape winding apparatus and the tape winding apparatus can be made comparatively small in size.

Abstract: In order to open the start of a wadding from a wadding lap, a current of air is produced by a nozzle in the unrolling direction of the wadding lap substantially tangential of the wadding lap and with a spacing to the periphery of the wadding lap. The current of air is generated across the width of the wadding lap. In addition, a guide plate extends from the nozzle to guide the start of the wadding to a joining apparatus. The nozzle and guide plate are pivotally mounted about an axis of a lap roller to facilitate guidance of the opened start of wadding to the joining apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simultaneously preparing and feeding coils of strip stock into a strip processing line. Two coil support mechanisms are provided, each rotatably supporting a coil for uncoiling. A takeoff mechanism spaced apart from the strip processing line is adapted to peel a free leading end of the strip stock from a coil. The leading end is fed to a holding mechanism adapted to receive and hold the leading end in a predetermined position. A transfer mechanism is provided for successively transferring each coil support mechanism and associated holding mechanism from the takeoff mechanism to an aligning mechanism adjacent the processing line and back to the takeoff mechanism. The strip stock is moved by pinch rollers from the holding mechanism, through the aligning mechanism, and into the processing line. One coil may be prepared for feeding in the takeoff mechanism while the other coil is being fed into the processing line.

Abstract: To form and hold a loose starting flap (5) of a replacement paper roll (1) in which the replacement paper roll has a starting portion which is adhered to an underlying layer of the roll, with a simple easily made and reliable apparatus, the uppermost layer of the roll is perforated by a perforating wheel (8) or an intermittently operated laser (1008) inwardly of the end edge of the starting portion along a perforation line (3) which extends essentially parallel to the axis of the roll to form a flap portion. A temporary or permanently adhering element, such as a suction roll (912), a suction bar, an adhesively coated strip or bar (812) or a roller (912) with an adhesive surface (9, 909, 912) is moved with respect to the flap portion close to the perforation line (3).

Abstract: A device for removing, from a reel of strip material, an adhesive tape secured to a peripheral surface portion of the reel via thermoplastic adhesive material; which device comprises a pair of rollers supporting the reel; one of the rollers being a drive roller for rotating the reel about its axis; at least one heating element located close to the peripheral surface of the reel and designed to substantially contact the tape; and the other roller having vacuum openings for removing the tape from the peripheral surface of the reel subsequent to the adhesive material being plasticized by the heating element.

Abstract: There is provided an elastic roll for applying back tension to a parallel-extending strips. The roll has a plurality of thin elastic rings of a rubber-like material fitted over a main shaft. The thin elastic rings are tightened together from both sides and fixed in a unitary form to the main shaft.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for processing and rewinding a web made of easily stretchably deformable plastic film. The web is drawn from a supply roll assembly by a series of synchronously, positively driven draw and transfer rolls and directly delivered to a rewind spindle. The rewind spindle is positively driven at a speed greater than the speed imparted to the web by the draw and transfer rolls. However, the rewind spindle is in peripheral contact with a transfer drum which is the last of the series of draw and transfer rolls so that the processed web is immediately transferred from the transfer drum to the rewind spindle. The transfer drum exerts a drag on the rewind spindle to control and match the speed of the rewind spindle to the speed of the moving web.

Abstract: A coreless roll paper product is formed by a method which includes removing an elongated coreless paper roll from the end of a forming mandrel in intermittent steps and cutting the elongated coreless paper roll seriatim into coreless roll product segments with a saw blade located immediately adjacent to the mandrel end.

Abstract: The machine with a continuous operating cycle, is suitable for packaging in rolls various strip-shaped materials by a plurality of longitudinal cuts of a wide strip of material fed by a roller. The machine comprises at least one pair of spindles supporting a plurality of cores on which the strip-shaped materials, obtained by cutting a wide strip of material fed by a roller, will be wound. Once the rolls of material have been filled with the required quantity, the spindles are carried to a discharge station or unit, which cooperates with a supporting shaft on which the above discharge units carry the final rolls. The machine also comprises at least one pair of shafts to prearrange a new plurality of cores on the spindles for the start of a new packaging cycle.

Abstract: An auto-threading apparatus is disclosed. In a film processing line incorporating a transferring/receiving mechanism having a take-up unit, two pairs of cutters are moved by twos in crosswise directions of a film to cut away side narrow portions of the film by one pair of cutters. Chain clips catch the film ends to longitudinally divide the film into three parts by the other pair of cutters. The side portions of the 3-divided film are cut away by rotary cutters. The left central portion thereof is cut away by moving the other pair of cutters toward the center. The film is transferred to and received by the chain clips.

Abstract: When a material having two straight lines is cut into a plurality of series of strips along a plurality of predetermined curves, one series of strips is in direct contact with another adjacent series of strips.

Abstract: In a film processing line incorporating a transferring/receiving mechanism having a take-up unit, two pairs of cutters are movable in crosswise directions of a film, and narrow portions of the film at sides thereof are cut away by one pair of cutters. Chain clips catch the sides of the film and the other pair of cutters longitudinally divide the film into three parts. The side parts of the divided film are cut away by rotary cutters. The central part thereof is cut away by moving the other pair of cutters toward the center of the film. A portion of the film is thus transferred to and received by the chain clips.

Abstract: A roll winding machine with at least one winding shaft on which the winding sleeves are received has a support shaft carrying the pressing rollers and swingable toward the winding shaft on arms. The eccentric rings of the pressing rollers are provided with formations for coupling them together without relative play when the pressing rollers are brought together to form a gapless junction between them.

Abstract: When a material having two straight lines is cut into a plurality of series of strips along a plurality of predetermined curves, one series of strips is in direct contact with another adjacent series of strips.

Abstract: There is disclosed a web handling apparatus including a printer for printing on longitudinally extending multi-portion webs, with the web including a plurality of longitudinally extending web portions and connected at a longitudinal line of weakening between each adjacent pair of web portions, each web portion including record members, guide structure for causing adjacent web portions to move along different paths or planes to effect tearing and resultant separation of the web portions at each line of weakening, and a rewinder for drawing on the separated web portions and winding them into separate rolls.

Abstract: Two-out terminal strip (44, 44') is produced by stamping and forming the strip such that the terminals (40) on one of the side edges (36) extend laterally in a first direction of the plane of the stock strip (124) and the terminals (40') on the other side edge (36') extend laterally in a second direction which is the opposite of the first direction. The two-out strip is slit along the centerline (30) of the central carrier portion and the resulting single strips (44, 44') of terminals are wound on reels (46, 46'). One of the strips (44') is wound by rotating the reel (46') in a clockwise direction and the other strip (44) is wound on a reel (46) by rotating the reel in a counterclockwise direction. The two strips will then be in the same orientation on their respective reels and re-reeling of one of the strips is not necessary.

Abstract: The invention relates to the cutting of the web of rolled goods such as paper or plastic film and more specifically to the cutting and accurate dispensing of thin, tinted or coated plastic films used as a thermal barrier when bonded to window glass. A master roll is rotatably mounted. Film lengths are removed manually by pulling the film off the roll. A protective cover sheet is automatically stripped by a secondary roll. A counter indicates the length of material removed and a foot lever actuates a cutting blade to shear the length removed. A display indicates the length of film remaining on the supply roll.

Abstract: A device for adjusting the tension on a web slitter-rewinder drive belt assembly. More specifically, this device permits the operator to vertically adjust the position of the idler roll on the drive belt assembly using an adjustment mechanism located on an exterior surface of the machine. The device includes a bracket and a cross brace received therein in sliding engagement.

Abstract: In a winder for continuously winding a web material into rolls on successive cores, roll changing apparatus for cutting and transferring the web material from a full roll to an empty core includes two sets of water jet nozzles mounted for reciprocating movement in opposite directions lengthwise of the core to which the web is to be transferred. During the momentary interval of roll changing, the oppositely moving jets cut the web along a generally saw tooth pattern, and at the same time, the water which cuts the web also wets its cut leading end and the adjacent surface of the core, thereby causing adhesion of the end of the web to the core for a sufficient interval for this end of the web to be covered by the next wrap on the core.

Abstract: This invention pertains to web-slitting machines having automatic feed of empty roll cores to each winding station. The cores are inserted as a set from one side of the machine into troughs provided on separate feed beams located above the support roller or rollers on which rewinding takes place. Sequential cores are supported alternately by first and second troughs so that the cores are laterally offset, but still overlapped in radial cross section. The feed beams with troughs are pivotably mounted to move from above and between first and second sets of winding stations to a location near the winding stations where clamping pins from support arms are brought into engagement with the cores, for securing the cores for final positioning to commence winding.

Abstract: An electromagnetic drag pad, particularly for providing all the drag force needed where slit ferrous strip is to be coiled at a coiling station, comprises a panel of drag friction material covering pole faces of an electromagnet which magnetically attracts the moving ferrous strip into frictional engagement with the panel of drag friction material thereby establishing a back tension to permit satisfactory formation of a stable coil of each strip at a coiling station; the electromagnet has a core comprising a multiplicity of elongated spaced apart substantially parallel pole elements defining therebetween gaps which accommodate an electric winding which is connected to a power supply (such as a low voltage DC high amperage supply) for energizing the electromagnet, the pole elements having respective pole faces which provide an alternating array of north and south poles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for reeling a web of material onto a core by glueing the leading end of the web of material to the core and by rotating the core until the roll is of the desired thickness, by cutting off the web of material and by attaching the trailing end of the cut-off web of material to the roll. The method uses a core base onto which so many layers of the web of material are glued that the thickness, and thereby the strength, of the thus formed core is sufficient for reeling and for the further handling of the roll.The invention also relates to a roll of a web of material, around which there is a wrapping composed of at least two layers of the web of material, glued to each other, and to a method of forming such a wrapping during the reeling of the web of material.

Abstract: Web dividing and rewinding machine includes slitters, a front section and a rear section which are of similar construction and operate in a similar manner, and conveyors. Each section is provided with rewind core holders and a wide web is divided by slitters into longitudinally extending sub-webs. Each sub-web is wound on a rewind core mounted on the holder. Each rewind roll is transferred to a conveyor arranged between the front and rear sections and removed from the machine.

Abstract: To lift the leading end of a paper web upwardly into contact with the underside of a perforated support roll which draws the web by suction thereagainst, a bar, rod or wire forming an entrainer is lifted by a pair of strands controlled by a windlass to engage the entrainer in a crease at the leading end of the web, the entrainer passing over a pressing roller which can be displaced toward the support roller and is retractable therefrom.

Abstract: When a wound core is manufactured by winding a continuous strip having a desired shape on a winding spool, a thickness of the strip is measured and summed at predetermined periods. The winding operation of the strip on the winding spool is stopped when the summed thickness has reached a predetermined value.

Abstract: A compact, portable cutter device adapted to slit rolls of roofing felt into two or more webs of selective widths for application to a commercial roof. A rigid, box-like external housing is adapted to be supported upon a roof surface near the area where the felt is to be laid. An elongated axle transverses the housing to rotatably secure the roll of roofing felt for cutting. A trough-like cradle is defined within the housing beneath the axle to contain the felt roll. The width of the cradle may be varied by manipulation of suitable end tabs to properly center felt rolls of differing widths. The cradle includes a corrosion-resistant surface to facilitate smooth feeding of the felt fabric from the roll. A rigid, slotted cutter plate defines an interface zone where the cutting assembly is brought into contact with the felt fabric. The cutting assembly includes a plurality of adjustably spaced knives semi-permanently, coaxially mounted upon an elongated, rigid header associated with a foot-powered bell crank.

Abstract: A device for threading a web of flexible material through the array of rollers of a machine, e.g. a coiler for the web, utilizes an endless guide wire guided over deflection rolls integrated with those web-guide rolls which are located along the underside of the web. The wire-deflection rolls associated with the web-guide rolls along the upper surface of the web are spaced therefrom and have means cooperating with the kite wire attaching the leading end of the web to the guide wire for deflecting the kite wire off these deflecting rolls so that the deflecting rolls can be located centrally of the web-guide path.

Abstract: Apparatus for inducing a controlled quantity of slack in a web traveling along a travel path from a web supply roll to a web slitter comprises first and second supports movable relative to one another. First and second sets of rollers are secured to the first and second supports, respectively, the rollers together defining at least a portion of a travel path for the web from a web supply roll to a web slitter. A control, responsive to an external signal, moves the first and second supports relative to one another a predetermined distance under positive control in such a manner as to effect relative movement of the first and second sets of rollers to vary the length of the travel path.

Abstract: Apparatus for successively winding continuous strips of material into rolls includes one or a pair of spaced outstanding guide frames each having an outer frame member and an inner frame member defining upper and lower horizontal tracks for guiding slide bearings coupled to winding shafts. The inner frame member comprises a shiftable rectangular bar which is shifted rearwardly to define a forward vertical guide track interconnecting the horizontal tracks, and which is shifted forwardly to define a rearward vertical track interconnecting the horizontal tracks.

Abstract: A plurality of sets of sheet drive rollers including a touch roller for urging a sheet against a core are provided on a running path, along which a sheet is supplied to a core in a shaft drive type winding unit. Two adjacent ones of said sets of sheet drive rollers are coupled to each other by a fine speed adjustment interlock mechanism. The speed change ratio of the fine speed adjustment interlock mechanism is adjusted to remove or reduce the variation in the tension in the sheet between the two rollers and also control the tension to a level suited for the winding.

Abstract: To produce bundles from strip, the strip is withdrawn from an uncoiler or coil and slit into a number of narrow strips that are supplied parallel and separated by about 2 mm to a winding point. The strip is wound at the winding point into bundles with a sheet-like or film-like insert that extends over the total width of the strips being supplied adjacent to each other also being wound in between the individual layers of the bundles. When the resultingly wound strip are unwound, the insert between the bundle at one end of the composite coil and the rest of the composite coil is separated in such a way that a strip of insert is removed along with a strip of metal from the composite coil and wound or coiled separately from the metal strip. The composite coil made up of individual parallel metal strips with the insert wound between them can be conveniently handled for conveying and storage at both its surface and side edges.

Abstract: A slitting and winding machine for tape includes a base (12) having a working surface (22) with a tape supply support (20) and a take-up mandrel assembly (80) at opposite ends of the working surface, along with a cutter mechanism (54) between the mandrel assembly and the working surface. A pair of spaced rolls (40) of leader material and a roll (42) of connecting material are supported on the base on one side of the working surface and have adjacent edges overlapping to be drawn over the tape and replace a segment that is previously removed. The mechanism cuts the wide tape into narrow strips and alternate strips are directed across specially designed guide rollers (100) toward respective mandrels of the mandrel assembly. The cutter mechanism includes a grooved roller (60) and a cutter blade support bar (68) that is designed for quick change of cutter blades.

Abstract: A clutch means particularly useful in the rapid and precise alignment of a large number of rotating members such as take-up reels on a single shaft. Each rotating member, e.g., each reel-hub member, is positively engaged by a resilient and non-fouling spring member which is readily inserted into conventional clutch means and which comprises a cam means to facilitate the sliding passage of a number of reels onto a shaft as well as locking means to couple the clutch means and the reels to be rotated thereon.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for longitudinally slitting metal strip under tension is provided. The method includes driving the strip forward and controlling the speed thereof through frictional engagement with the strip and slitting the strip under tension while further driving the strip, winding coils of slit strip while still further driving the strip and measuring the speed of the strip before slitting, the speed of slitting and the speed of winding the coils of slit strip and controlling those speeds as a function of the driving speed for providing a predetermined tension during slitting and for winding tighter coils of metal strip. An apparatus is also provided which includes a driven roll means before the slitter, a slitting means which is driven and a take-up winder means which is driven, as well as speed controls for slitting the strip under tension in order to provide tightly wound coils of slit metal strip ranging from light to heavy gauge.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for scroll slitting metal webs into a serpentine wave shaped form having identically shaped sections spaced apart by a common center-to-center distance. The scroll slitting apparatus includes multiple sets of mating scroll slitting knives mounted upon rotatable arbors for slitting the metal webs into multiple strips having serpentine wave-shaped edge sections. The apparatus also includes a recoiler and a looping pit positioned between the scroll slitting knives and the recoiler. The looping pit permits slack to be placed in the strips between the stripping station and the rewind station such that the strips may all be spaced apart a distance slightly greater than the amplitude of the serpentine wave shaped edge placed on the strips, thereby enabling all the strips to be rewound onto a common arbor or shaft.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for winding strip material is described in which strip which has partially severed scrap edge portions still frangibly attached thereto, is wound on to a coil or mandrel so that the cut edges of the strip are aligned. The strip passes past trimming knives which partially sever the edge portion and sensors measure the lateral position T of the knife and the lateral position E of the uncut edge of the edge portion adjacent to the knife position A. The scrap width T--E is then recorded. As the strip is about to be wound on to the coil at position B the lateral position R of uncut edge of scrap portion is sensed by a sensor. The appropriate scrap width is then determined by reference to the recorded scrap width and the strip travel between points A and B which is determined from a tachometer attached to a roll over which the strip passes.

Abstract: The invention is an improved system for rewinding fabric, particularly such fabrics which are more or less impervious and tend to entrap air between successive layers of the fabric being wrapped upon a core means as the rewinding proceeds. The system may be operated in a horizontal rolling mode or in a vertical rolling mode. When operating in the horizontal mode the system utilizes the weight of the supply roll to directly maintain more or less air-free layers, alternatively a minimum mechanical pressure is maintained at the supply roll in the horizontal mode as the weight of the supply roll diminishes near the end of the supply. When operating in the vertical mode, the pressure means is reversed, utilizing a constant mechanical pressure of the roll, or rolls, being wrapped against the supply roll as the rewinding proceeds.

Abstract: Method for making a roll paper product formed from a web having a substantially uniform width and having a groove end and a boss end formed by the convolutions of the web.

Abstract: A machine for slitting strips of elongated sheet material from a wider roll of the material in which two spaced mandrels are mounted vertically on a frame and the sheet of material extends from the mandrel past a carriage to the second mandrel. The carriage carries two engaging circular knives mounted on the carriage for rotation about vertical axes, the knives engaging opposite sides of the sheet to cut a strip from the upper edge of the sheet. The carriage is provided with a guide to maintain the selected distance from the upper edge of the sheet to the cutting plane of the circular knives.

Abstract: A method of tensioning metallic strips on a slitting line is combined with the steps of uncoiling a metallic web having a non-uniform cross sectional thickness from an uncoiler, slitting the web into a plurality of strips having varying thicknesses, and recoiling the strips into individual strip coils on a recoiler, the tensioning method being the additional step of deforming the thinner portions of the web intermediate the uncoiling and recoiling steps so that a raised pattern is imparted to the thinner portions thereby increasing the effective cross sectional thicknesses of the thinner strips to that of the thicker strips so that the strip coils formed from the strips are of similar diameter and the strips can be recoiled at the same rate, thus preventing the formation of slack strips.

Abstract: A web winding device of simple construction in which webs are successively attached to and wound on cores and in which the web winding width can be easily changed. A first web winding and product discharging station, a core supplying and web attaching station, and a second web winding and product discharging station are arranged in the stated order in a stationary frame. A winding unit having two web winding mechanisms coupled as a single unit extending in a longitudinal direction of the web is mounted on rails atop the stationary frame and is reciprocal therealong over the three stations. Each web winding device holds cores for the various web segments to be wound and motors for turning the cores and for adjusting the winding width.

Abstract: A control system for a slitter-rewinder apparatus which forms a web of material into a plurality of individual rolls, the web being unwound from around a supply core and slit into strips which are rewound about a plurality of individual product cores. The slitter-rewinder apparatus has at least one takeup roller adapted to slidably receive the product cores there about. The supply core and the takeup roller are rotatably supported in spaced apart relationship with a portion of the web extending therebetween, around at least one idler roller and past a plurality of knives which cut the web into strips. The slitter-rewinder apparatus further has a first controllable motor for rotating the takeup roller and a second controllable motor for rotating the supply core. The control system includes a sensor for detecting the rotational speed of the product cores.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are described by means of which the slitting head in a slitting line for severing sheet metal web material into strips is utilized to transfer the leading end of the web material from the uncoiler to the recoiler for attachment thereto during the feed-up operation. The invention enables the concerned operation to be performed more safely in reduced time and with less effort and manpower than heretofore.

Abstract: In the disclosed apparatus, a web of material is fed from a supply roll, around a plurality of idler rollers, and past a series of blades which slit the web into a plurality of strips. Adjacent strips are rewound about corresponding product cores on different ones of a pair of takeup rollers in alternating fashion. Controls are provided for independently varying the amount of current supplied to first and second electric motors which drive the takeup rollers and supply roll respectively. The amount of slippage of the product cores relative to the takeup rollers can be adjusted by a clutch mechanism. According to the disclosed method, the takeup rollers are first brought up to full operating speed. The speed of the supply roll is gradually increased to feed the web to the product cores so that they rotate at approximately eighty percent of the speed of the takeup rollers throughout the rewinding operation. Product rolls with uniformly aligned edges and without high spots or material distortion are produced.

Abstract: A slitting and rewinding system having a tension stand assembly with at least one pressure pad is provided. The system includes a payoff, a slitter, a tension stand, and a coil rewinder. A roll of material, usually metal, is positioned on the payoff so that it is aligned with the slitter. The slitter is fed the material from the payoff and transforms the relatively wide stock into narrow strips. The strips are untensioned between the slitter and tension stand, and may form a loop. Tension is provided between the tension stand and the rewinder due to both the winding action of the rewinder and a pressure pad provided within the tension stand. The pad exerts uniform pressure on the strips as they pass through the stand, thereby helping to form the loop on one side and provide tensioned strips on the other. The system allows a wide metal coil to be processed without difficulty even if there are variations in thickness in the coil.

Abstract: A method and combination for eliminating slack in one or more of a plurality of strands of web material being wound into coils on a take-up drum, where the strands have different thicknesses, include connecting a portion of each strand to the drum so that rotation of the drum will cause the strands simultaneously to wind onto the drum. The strands are wound onto the drum and a portion of each strand is connected to a previously wound portion of the same strand for forming a plurality of fixed diameter loops about the drum, the portion of each strand adjacent to the drum substantially conforming in size and shape to the outer surface of the drum.

Abstract: The disclosure includes method and apparatus for handling elongated webs of sheet metal, and a sheet metal construct formed as an intermediate product and comprising a parent coil pre-divided into a plurality of daughter coils. In one method sequence, separation can be completed by the end user of the coil just before it is fed into a press or the like. In another method sequence, separation is completed during wrapping of the parent coil. In still other sequences, completion of separation can be accomplished at stages intermediate these two. Slitting may be done directly off a mill. Edge trim strip may be wound as part of the parent coil to simplify scrap handling, and may be used to protect the coil in transit.