Abstract: A train safety system comprises a cable connected to at least two conducting contacts, an electrical load between said two conducting magnetic contacts, and a DC track circuit associated with railroad tracks wherein the at least two conducting plates can be connected to each of the railroad rails in order to shunt the DC track circuit and alert oncoming trains of fouling of the tracks or crossing ahead.

Abstract: A latching relay system includes a latching relay that comprises a permanent magnet and a control electric coil and has a function of self-maintaining a state of an electric contact, at least one inductance component that is disposed close to the latching relay and has a function of generating magnetism when energized, and an assisting energization control unit that energizes the inductance component temporarily when the state of the electric contact of the latching relay is switched, and assists an operation of the latching relay by the magnetism generated by the inductance component.

Abstract: A switch machine that includes a first relay having first normally open contacts and first normally closed contacts provided in the normal motor connection path and a second relay having second normally open contacts and second normally closed contacts provided in the reverse motor connection path. The normally open and closed contacts of each relay are associated in pairs and the first relays are structured such that each normally closed contact and the corresponding normally open contact cannot be simultaneously closed. Also, a method of protecting a motor of a switch machine that includes integrating a current being drawn by the motor and opening a motor circuit that includes the motor if the integrated current exceeds a threshold.