Abstract: An optical assembly includes stacked planar lightwave circuit (PLC) members each having a plurality of waveguides in a respective plane, to provide optical connections to two-dimensional arrays of external optical waveguides (e.g., optical fiber cores), with one array including non-coplanar groups of waveguides having group members that are alternately arranged in a lateral direction. An optical assembly may provide optical connections between array of cores having a different pitch and/or orientation to serve as a fanout interface. Methods for fabricating an optical assembly are further provided.

Abstract: An article of footwear and related method includes a midsole, an upper secured with respect to the midsole, and a lace extending through the upper. A motorized lacing system positioned within the midsole, configured to engage with the lace to increase and decrease tension on the lace. The motorized lacing system includes a motor, including a motor shaft, a spool, coupled to the motor shaft, configured to spool and unspool the lace based on the turning of the motor shaft, a processor circuit, and an optical encoder. The optical encoder comprises a three-dimensional encoder defining a major axis and having a surface having a first plurality of segments positioned between a second plurality of segments, and an optical sensor, positioned within optical range of the cylindrical encoder, configured to output a signal to the processor circuit indicative of a detected one of a first and second plurality of segments.

Abstract: An optical assembly includes stacked first and second planar lightwave circuit (PLC) members each having a plurality of waveguides in respective first and second planes, to provide optical connections between a two-dimensional array and a one-dimensional array of external optical waveguides (e.g., optical fiber cores). Inner faces of first and second PLC members are arranged facing one another and with the first and second planes (corresponding to the pluralities of first and second waveguides, respectively) being non-parallel. An optical assembly may provide optical connections between arrays of cores having a different pitch to serve as a fanout interface. Methods for fabricating an optical assembly are further provided.

Abstract: A laser ranging device includes a laser transceiving apparatus, a rotation apparatus, and a power supply control apparatus. The laser transceiving apparatus is used for transmitting a projection beam to a target to be measured and receiving a reflection beam reflected by the target to be measured. As there are no problems of the reflectivity of the reflector itself and the angle offset of the reflection beam, the light utilization is effectively improved. The rotation apparatus drives the laser transceiving apparatus to rotate by electromagnetic induction transmission, making the laser ranging device smaller in size. The power supply control apparatus supplies power to the rotation apparatus, increasing the service life of the laser ranging device, and the power supply control apparatus transmit data with the laser transceiving apparatus through photoelectric conversion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light extraction substrate for an organic light emitting element and, more specifically, to a light extraction substrate for an organic light emitting element that can enhance the light extraction efficiency of the organic light emitting element by optimizing a stack structure that can maximize scattering efficiency, and an organic light emitting element comprising the same.

Abstract: An electro-optic fluid level sensor includes a body having a first end portion and an oppositely disposed second end portion. A light source is disposed at the first end portion of the body. A first light detector is disposed at the second end portion of the body. A second light detector is disposed at the second end portion of the body. The second light detector is axially offset from the first light detector.

Abstract: A method for determining an imaging ratio of a curved panel is provided, wherein a first surface of the curved panel is placed with a to-be-imaged object thereon, an image capturing device is disposed on a second surface opposite to the first surface in a thickness direction of the curved panel, the image capturing device is configured to capture an image of the to-be-imaged object being imaged by the curved panel, and the method comprises: obtaining a thickness of the curved panel and a curvature radius of the first surface of the curved panel; and calculating the imaging ratio of the curved panel for the to-be-imaged object according to the obtained thickness and curvature radius. Therefore, the captured image is corrected according to the imaging ratio, thereby capturing an image that is close to an actual size of the to-be-imaged object.

Abstract: A laminated scintillator panel having a structure in which a scintillator layer for converting radiation into visible light and a non-scintillator layer are repeatedly laminated in a direction parallel to an incident direction of radiation, wherein the non-scintillator layer transmits the visible light. Provided is a lattice-shaped laminated scintillator panel with high luminance, a large area, and a thick layer by means completely different from a conventional technique using a silicon wafer.

Abstract: An electronic device and method are provided having an optical image sensor and a capacitive proximity sensor. A pin hole opening within a ring electrode of the capacitive proximity sensor is integrated into and used by the optical sensor. Inner and outer electrodes of the ring electrode can be centered about the pin hole opening and spaced apart to perform capacitive proximity detection of a live finger. When brought in proximity to the ring electrode, the finger can be imaged using the present integrated capacitive proximity sensor with an optical sensing mechanism that utilizes the pin hole to not only allow for micro-imaging of an object, such as a finger, but also to provide high resolution fingerprint comparison and blood oxyhemoglobin saturation comparison for biometric control and access to an electronic device, such as a mobile phone.

Abstract: A protective panel for a display device includes a substrate and a light-blocking layer provided over the substrate. A display window is defined on a region of the substrate where the light-blocking layer is not provided. The light-blocking layer includes a first layer which comprises a first material having a first color. The protective panel further includes a hole formed through the light-blocking layer. The hole having an inner sidewall, which is clad with a cladding material having a color different from the first color.

Abstract: An additively manufactured component is provided. The additively manufactured component includes an additively manufactured first part defining a first trench, an additively manufactured second part defining a second trench and a fiber optic sensor. The additively manufactured first and second parts are additively manufactured together with the first and second trenches corresponding in position such that the additively manufactured first and second parts form an assembled part with a fiber channel cooperatively defined by the first and second trenches. The fiber optic sensor includes a first sensor part embedded in the fiber channel and a second sensor part operably coupled to the first sensor part and extendible at an exterior of the assembled part.

Abstract: An apparatus may include an inner module, an outer module that substantially surrounds a perimeter of the inner module, a plurality of light emitters, and a light distribution medium. The plurality of light emitters may be positioned under the inner module and project light radially outward. The light distribution medium may transport the light projected from the plurality of light emitters to an edge of the light distribution medium. The edge may include a diffusive surface and traverse a substantial portion of a boundary between the inner module and the outer module.

Abstract: A protective panel for a display device includes a substrate and a light-blocking layer provided over the substrate. A display window is defined on a region of the substrate where the light-blocking layer is not provided. The light-blocking layer includes a first layer which comprises a first material having a first color. The protective panel further includes a hole formed through the light-blocking layer. The hole having an inner sidewall, which is clad with a cladding material having a color different from the first color.

Abstract: The three-dimensional space-division Y-splitter for multicore optical fibers (MCF) is a 3-D device that depends on space-division splitting (SDS) by double-hump graded-index (DHGI) in a rectangular waveguide. It includes multiple single Y-splitters, each one being dedicated to one MCF core. Each Y-splitter layer has three stages, including an expander; a DHGI-SDS; and a separator. The net result of the Y-splitter is that the signal in a single multi-core fiber input has its optical power split 50-50 between two multi-core fiber outputs without an intermediate single-core single-mode fiber (SMF) conversion stage.

Abstract: A dispersion shifted optical fiber where a radius r0 of a first center segment is 0.5 ?m to 2.8 ?m, and a relative refractive index difference ?0 is 0.4% or more and 0.9% or less. A radius r1 of a first segment is 1.8 ?m or more and 4.5 ?m or less. A radius r2 of a second segment is 4.0 ?m or more and 8.0 ?m or less, and a relative refractive index difference ?2 is 0.00% or more and 0.07% or less. A radius r3 of a third segment is 4.5 ?m or more and 8.5 ?m or less, and a relative refractive index difference ?3 is 0.285% or more and 0.5% or less. A radius r4 of a fourth segment is 8.0 ?m or more and 16.0 ?m or less, and a relative refractive index difference ?4 is 0.005% or more and 0.04% or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a light homogenizing device and a biometric identifying device. The light homogenizing device includes a light homogenizing member and light-emitting units. The light homogenizing member includes a hole and protrusion structures. The protrusion structures are disposed on a first surface of the light homogenizing member and surrounding an outside of the hole. A circular inclined-plane is disposed between the hole and the protrusion structures and connected to the hole. The light-emitting units are disposed opposite to the first surface, and each light-emitting units transmits a light to one of the protrusion structures. The protrusion structures homogenize the light and outwardly transmit the homogenized light through a second surface of the light homogenizing member.

Abstract: A disposable photometric measurement tip comprising a polymer tip, the polymer tip having a capillary filling channel, the capillary filing channel having an opening at a distal end of the polymer tip, a wave guide channel acting as an optical input coupling and a wave guide channel acting as an optical output coupling, each of the wave guide channels having an opening at a proximal end of the polymer tip wherein the capillary filling channel, the wave guide channel acting as an optical input coupling and the wave guide channel acting as an optical output coupling are connected to each other.

Abstract: A broadband spectroscopic analysis is used for controlling a distance (d) between a miniature solid immersion lens (SIL, 60) and a metrology target (30?). An objective lens arrangement (15, 60) including the SIL illuminates the metrology target with a beam of radiation with different wavelengths and collects a radiation (709) reflected or diffracted by the metrology target. A mounting (64) holds the SIL within a distance from the metrology target that is less than the coherence length of the illuminating radiation (703). A detection arrangement (812, 818) produces a spectrum of the radiation reflected or diffracted by the metrology target. The distance between the SIL and the metrology target or other target surface can be inferred from spectral shifts observed in the detected spectrum. Servo control of the distance is implemented based on these shifts, using an actuator (66).

Abstract: A high-diffusion-coefficient and high-brightness light source generation device comprising: a light source module, an optical fiber bundle and an optical fiber hemisphere emitter, wherein the light source module provides the optical fiber bundle with a plane light source having the same size as an end surface of an incident end thereof, the incident end receives light emitted from the light source module, exit ends transmit the light to the optical fiber hemisphere emitter, the exit ends of the optical fiber bundle arranged on a hemispherical wall of the optical fiber hemisphere emitter in an equal solid angle manner, an end surface of each optical fiber exit end located on the same surface as the inner wall of a hemisphere, a bottom plate arranged above an opening of the optical fiber hemisphere emitter, and an opal glass window arranged at the circle center position of the bottom plate.

Abstract: A thrust demand signal is provided to a processor of a gas turbine engine and is modified, according to growth time constants of a rotor and/or a casing of the engine, in order to control the rotational speed or the rate of change of rotational speed of the engine so as to prevent contact between the rotor and the casing.

Abstract: A rotor arrangement including: a rotor stage having an annular array of rotor blades each blade having a tip; a casing that surrounds the rotor stage and defines a clearance between the tips and the casing; and an over tip leakage measurement system including a multi-hole total pressure probe mounted to a stationary component downstream of the rotor stage; the probe arranged such that the axis of at least one of the holes is substantially aligned with an expected flow direction from the rotor stage.

Abstract: A method for controlling a device system (10) having a saw blade (14) that is attached to a saw arm (15) and that can be moved along an advancing direction (26) by a motor-driven advancing mechanism (13), whereby there is an infeed motion of the saw arm (15) with the saw blade (14) into the workpiece (18) and, during the infeed motion of the saw arm (15) into the workpiece (18), a control unit (27) calculates an arc length (?) of the saw blade (14) that is engaged with the workpiece (18), and the calculated arc length (?) is compared to a pre-set, critical arc length (?crit) of the saw blade (14).

Abstract: An optical encoder for which improved robustness is sought comprises: a movable part bearing a scattering zone and an absorbing zone, a light emitter that is positioned to emit light radiation in the direction of the movable part, a sensor that is sensitive to the light emitted by the emitter, the sensor being positioned to detect light radiation that is reflected by the scattering zone, the movement of the movable part making it possible to place either the scattering zone or the absorbing zone on an optical path between the emitter and the sensor, and an optical waveguide that is transparent to the light radiation and that is passed through by the optical path.

Abstract: An optical module that includes (a) an optical interface that includes an input surface and an output surface, and (b) a scintillator that has a flat surface. The scintillator is configured emit emitted light through the flat surface in response to an impingement of a charged particle on the scintillator. The flat surface is optically coupled to the input surface. The optical interface is configured to (i) receive the emitted light from the scintillator and (ii) output, via the output surface, output light. An optical interface refractive index substantially equals a scintillator refractive index.

Abstract: An imaging device is disclosed. The imaging device has a housing, a detector positioned within the housing and has a field of view encompassing one or more target area within the housing to be imaged, a wide-angle lens operatively coupled to the detector, and a support positioned at the target area and configured to receive one or more test component. The wide-angle lens is operatively coupled to the detector such that the detector receives image data of the target area through the wide-angle lens.

Abstract: The technology presented here reduces the number of audio ports associated with the mobile device by combining a plurality of audio ports into a single multipurpose audio apparatus. The multipurpose audio apparatus includes the functionality of multiple audio ports that have previously required separate audio ports, such as an external device audio port and an audio emitter audio port. When the external device is plugged in, the audio emitter powers off, and the sound is omitted through the external device. When the external device is not plugged in, the audio emitter emits the sound.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for an optical data interface with electrical forwarded clock are provided. One example optical data interface (220, 320) can include a transmitter (224, 324) having a data input (232, 332) and a clock input (242, 342), and a receiver (226, 326) having a data output (271, 339) and a forwarded clock signal path (254, 376). An optical communication path (248, 348) is coupled between the data input (232, 332) and the data output (271, 339) and configured to communicate a data signal. An electrical communication path (236, 336) is coupled between the clock input (242, 342) and the forwarded clock signal path (254, 376). The electrical communication path (236, 336) is arranged to forward a clock signal used by the receiver (226, 326) as a reference for the optical data signal.

Abstract: There is provided a keyboard module including a plurality of keyboard keys, an optical finger mouse and a transmission interface. The keyboard keys are configured to trigger a digital signal. The optical finger mouse is configured to detect a physiological characteristic and a displacement. The transmission interface is configured to send the digital signal, the physiological characteristic and the displacement to a display device. There is further provided a display system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inspecting a test object. The apparatus comprises an inspection vehicle, a sensor structure, a first array of optical fibers, and a second array of optical fibers. The inspection vehicle is configured to move on a surface of the test object. The sensor structure is associated with the inspection vehicle. The first array of optical fibers is associated with the sensor structure. The first array of optical fibers is configured to transmit a pattern of light towards the surface of the test object and the pattern of light is configured to cause sound waves in the test object when the pattern of light encounters the test object. The second array of optical fibers is associated with the sensor structure. The second array of optical fibers is configured to detect a response to the sound waves.

Abstract: A test apparatus that easily tests a device under test having an optical interface. Provided is a test method, a test apparatus, and a device interface apparatus on which is mounted a device under test having an optical interface, the device interface apparatus comprising a device mounting section on which the device under test is mounted; an optical connector that is connected to the optical interface of the device under test; and an optical signal detecting section that detects an optical signal output from at least one of the optical interface and the optical connector, before the optical interface of the device under test mounted on the device mounting section is connected to the optical connector.

Abstract: An apparatus according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a substrate, at least one semiconductor light-detector on the substrate and an optical waveguide on the substrate. The optical waveguide is configured to guide light to the at least one light-detector, one or more vias in a surface of the substrate or one or more ridges on the surface of the substrate. The one or more vias or ridges are configured to at least partially interrupt light propagating along the surface toward the at least one semiconductor light-detector from outside the optical waveguide.

Abstract: An apparatus and a system for measuring flicker of a display panel are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a light guide tube, a measuring probe for flicker measurement, and an optical device for diverging fight. The light guide tube comprises an opening at a first end and an opening at a second end. The trumpet-shaped light guide tube gradually enlarges from the opening at the second end to the opening at the first end. The opening at the first end is used for receiving light emitting from the periphery regions and the center region of the display. Light entering into the light guide tube through the opening at the first end emerges from the opening at the second end and is transmitted to the measuring probe through the optical device having a diverging effect. The more overall flicker information is acquired to improve the accuracy of measurement.

Abstract: An optical-electrical converting device includes a substrate, an electrical circuit layer, at least one auxiliary pad, and an optical-electrical converting lens. The electrical circuit layer includes at least one circuit portion. The optical-electrical lens includes at least one first supporting portion and at least one second supporting portion. Each of the at least one first supporting portion is positioned on a respective one of the at least one first circuit portion, and each of the at least one second supporting portion is positioned on a respective one of the at least one auxiliary pad. The electrical circuit layer and the at least one auxiliary pad are arranged on the substrate. The thickness of the at least one first circuit portion layer is substantially equal to the thickness of the at least one auxiliary pad.

Abstract: A low-cost monolithic optical module for splitting one or more input optical beams to two or more output optical beams is provided. The one or more input optical beams are reflected by two or more total internal reflection (TIR) surfaces of the monolithic optical module. A light splitting ratio between the two or more output optical beams is predetermined by one or more physical features of the two or more TIR surfaces.

Abstract: A light-receiving module of the present invention includes: a lens collimating signal light entering from an optical fiber; a PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) where the signal light emitted by the lens enters; a mirror having a function of reflecting and transmitting the signal light emitted by the PLC; and a light-receiving element receiving the signal light reflected by the mirror. The mirror also has a function of transmitting light from the opposite direction to a direction to transmit the signal light emitted by the PLC. The module further includes a dummy mirror which reflects external light entering from outside in a direction toward the PLC, passes the reflected external light through the mirror from the opposite direction to the signal light transmission direction, causes the light to enter the PLC, and guides the light to the optical fiber via the PLC.

Abstract: An optical fiber connector is positioned on a printed circuit board (PCB) and includes a main body, a number of slots, and a number of optical fibers. The main body includes a number of light transceivers. Each of the light transceivers includes a light transmitting module and a light receiving module adjacent to the light transmitting module. One end of each of the optical fibers is optically coupled to a respective one of the light emitting modules and the light receiving modules, and the other end of each of the optical fibers is mounted on a respective one of the slots.

Abstract: Multimode light detectors are provided, which combine a plurality of measurements of light to detect information, using a mode transformation device. The light may be light from one or more objects, and the mode transformation device may be configured to transform the light into many single mode light beams. Each measurement of the light may be a measurement of a corresponding single mode light beam. The multimode detectors may include one or more optical receivers, configured to mix one or more single mode light beams with one or more local oscillators, respectively. Methods are provided for detecting information of objects, including obtaining light from the objects, transforming the light into multiple single mode light beams, and collecting (and/or combining) measurements of the single mode light beams.

Abstract: A method of packaging imager devices and optics modules is disclosed which includes positioning an imager device and an optics module in each of a plurality of openings in a carrier body, introducing an encapsulant material into each of the openings in the carrier body and cutting the carrier body to singulate the plurality of imager devices and optics modules into individual units, each of which comprise an imager device and an optics module. A device is also disclosed which includes an imager device comprising a plurality of photosensitive elements and an optics module coupled to the imager device, the optics module comprising at least one lens that, when the optics module is coupled to the imager device, is positioned a fixed, non-adjustable distance from the plurality of photosensitive elements.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining a topography under load of the surface of a material, wherein a test piece (40) of the material intended to be determined is subjected to a compression with a determined load between a first and a second clamping surface (7, 27), after which, in a compressed state, at least one representation is made of surface portions of the material that are in contact with at least one of said clamping surfaces (7, 27), and that the representation is evaluated. The compression is controlled in respect of its speed for obtaining said predetermined load, and said at least one representation is made at a chosen point in time or chosen points in time during this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical sensor array detecting a first liquid medium in a second liquid medium by means of the reflection of an emitted light beam of a given wavelength, comprising a light source and an associated receiver, further two circular glass rod lenses running parallel to each other while encapsulated in a housing. The index of refraction of the glass rod lenses is different from those of the liquid media. A reflecting surface is situated opposite the glass rod lenses and is connected to the housing. Said array also comprises a control fitted with a beam splitter, a second receiver and a third receiver, the latter two receivers being configured being mutually opposite.

Abstract: A photoelectric device package and a detachable package structure are provided. The photoelectric device package includes a bottom-plate, a top-plate, at least one photoelectric device, and at least one light-guiding element. The bottom-plate has a first carrying part and a first substrate part on the first carrying part. The first carrying part has first alignment portions. The first substrate part has second alignment portions. The top-plate has a second carrying part and a second substrate part on the second carrying part. The second carrying part has third alignment portions. The second substrate part has fourth alignment portions. The top-plate and the bottom-plate are assembled by the first and third alignment portions. The first and second substrate parts are positioned by the second and fourth alignment portions. Each photoelectric device is disposed on the first substrate part. Each light-guiding element is disposed between the first and second substrate parts.

Abstract: A polarization diversity detector includes at least one optical fiber having a first end for receiving a beam of light and a second end for transmitting the beam of light. A collimator receives the beam of the light from the optical fiber and outputs a collimated beam. A polarization diversity element includes a birefringent material which is positioned for receiving the collimated beam and resolving the collimated beam into a first beam having a first polarization and a second beam having a second polarization different from the first polarization. The first beam and second beam are angled relative to one another. At least one photodetector array pair includes a first photodetector array positioned to receive the first beam and a second photodetector array positioned to receive the second beam.

Abstract: A photoelectric encoder includes: a scale; a detection head; fibers through which light that is to be irradiated on the scale and light reflected by the scale propagates; first and second cables each having a space in which the fibers are partially disposed; and a case that encloses a light source that supplies light to one of the fibers and a light-sensitive element that receives the reflected light propagating through the others of the fibers and converts the received light into an electric signal. The first cable, the second cable, and the case are disposed in this order in the direction of propagation of the reflected light. The positions of the fibers are fixed relative to one another inside the first cable in the direction orthogonal to the direction of length of the fibers and variable relative to one another inside the second cable in the orthogonal direction.

Abstract: A coherent fiber array is used to optically detect a radiometric event. The coherent fiber array has a dome-shaped detection surface and a planar output surface. Optical energy from the radiometric event is detected at the dome-shaped detection surface and transferred to the output surface. The coherent fiber array retains directionality of the radiometric event while transferring the optical energy from the dome-shaped detection surface to the planar output surface.

Abstract: An method for automatically testing an arc flash detection system by periodically or continually transmitting electro-optical (EO) radiation through one or more transmission cables electro-optically coupled to respective EO radiation collectors. A test EO signal may pass through the EO radiation collector to be received by an EO sensor. An attenuation of the EO signal may be determined by comparing the intensity of the transmitted EO signal to an intensity of the received EO signal. A self-test failure may be detected if the attenuation exceeds a threshold. EO signals may be transmitted according to a particular pattern (e.g., a coded signal) to allow an arc flash detection system to distinguish the test EO radiation from EO radiation indicative of an arc flash event.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices that contain linear channels having optically transparent substances for focusing light. In some embodiments, the invention relates to improved nucleic acid sequencing methods using devices disclosed herein. In other embodiments, the invention relates to the arrangement of materials in and around capillary tubes with refractive indexes that maximize the number of channels useful for fluorescent detection of compositions after capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: A low-cost monolithic optical module for splitting one or more input optical beams to two or more output optical beams is provided. The one or more input optical beams are reflected by two or more total internal reflection (TIR) surfaces of the monolithic optical module. A light splitting ratio between the two or more output optical beams is predetermined by one or more physical features of the two or more TIR surfaces.

Abstract: In one aspect, an optical device comprises a monolithic optical module which includes a first total internal reflection (TIR) surface, a second TIR surface adjacent the first TIR surface, and a first optical port aligned with the first internal optical beam dividing interface. An interface between the first TIR surface and the second TIR surface forms a first internal optical beam dividing interface. An exterior surface of the first TIR surface and an exterior surface of the second TIR surface form a generally V-shaped notch on the monolithic optical module. A first optical beam entering the monolithic optical module through the first optical port and incident on the first internal optical beam dividing interface is partially reflected by the first TIR surface to travel in a first direction as a second optical beam and partially reflected by the second TIR surface to travel in a second direction as a third optical beam. The second direction is generally opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A multi-optical axis photoelectric sensor is provided having a casing that forms an outer shape of each of a projector and an optical receiver. The casing includes a frame body having a front face and two ends opened, a pair of caps to cover both ends of the frame body, and a light transmissive plate to cover the opened front face of the frame body 3. In the inner surfaces of both side plates of the frame body, supports are formed extending along the corresponding side edges of the opening of the front face. Both side edges of the light transmissive plate 6 are supported by the supports, and both ends thereof are supported by the caps. Portions of the caps that support the light transmissive plate 6 include communication portions to communicate with the supports of the frame body 3, and a string-like elastic member is disposed around a closed loop formed by each support and each communication portion.

Abstract: An image sensing apparatus with artificial ommatidia includes an imaging optical lens group forming a concave focal surface, an artificial ommatidia unit having a curved top surface corresponding to the concave focal surface and a flat bottom surface, and an image sensor disposed under the artificial ommatidia unit. The artificial ommatidia unit is disposed under the imaging optical lens group so that the curved top surface is coincided with the concave focal surface of the imaging optical lens group. The artificial ommatidia unit having a plurality of artificial ommatidia collects light emitting from the imaging optical lens group, and guides the light to the bottom surface thereof.