Abstract: An optoelectronic measuring device for monitoring combustion processes in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine during operation is provided with optical sensors which are connected to an evaluation unit. The optical sensors may be located in a seal element bounding the combustion chamber. To obtain high measuring quality in a simple manner, the optical sensors each include a lens assembly having a focusing lens whose flat end opposite the combustion chamber is coincident with the focal plane of the focusing lens and is abutted by an end of at least one optical fiber.

Abstract: Apparatus for capturing two-dimensional images created by radioactive emanations, such as gamma rays, from a radioactive source, comprises a collimator, a two-dimensional array of scintillating fibers, and position encoding apparatus. The scintillating fibers are located at preselected x and y positions in an x-y plane. The position encoding apparatus comprises banks of photon detectors and a network of optical fibers which are connected to the photon detectors in a manner which encodes the x-y coordinates of the scintillating fibers, and a signal processor for generating position signals indicative of the encoded position of an active scintillating fiber.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus is provided which includes light source for irradiating a document sheet with light, an elongated light-leading member through which light emitted from the light source propagates. The light-leading member is provided with a head surface, a bottom surface, a first side surface and a second side surface. The image reading apparatus further includes a row of image sensor chips for detecting light reflected on the document sheet, and an insulating circuit board for carrying the image sensor chips. The light source is also mounted on the circuit board. The cross section of the light-leading member is pentagonal, parabolic, or elliptic.

Abstract: Described herein is an optical measurement instrument for a living body, comprising light incident means for simultaneously applying incident light of a wavelength in a visible-infrared region to a plurality of incident positions on the surface of a subject, light detection means for simultaneously detecting lights obtained by allowing the incident light to pass through the subject, at a plurality of detection positions on the surface of the subject, and imaging means for imaging information on the inside of the subject using detected signals outputted from the light detection means. The light incident means includes light modulation means for intensity-modulating the incident light applied to the plurality of incident positions with modulation frequencies respectively different every the respective incident positions.