Abstract: Thermal printing systems are described. The thermal printing systems and methods described provide efficient, compact, and fast thermal printing by providing preheating components that generate a priming thermal energy which preheats thermal paper in the printing system. The priming thermal energy decreases the amount of energy needed to activate the thermal paper during printing. The system and methods also include an optical print head which activates thermal paper using optical energy, which provides for multiple different types of efficient component configuration and increased speed of printing.

Abstract: Some illustrative embodiments of a system for estimating forage growth at an area of interest may include a mobile support, a laser sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor. The laser sensor and the ultrasonic sensor may each be supported by the mobile support, and may each be configured to sense the forage growth at the area of interest. The laser sensor may generate laser forage data corresponding to the forage growth, and the ultrasonic sensor may generate ultrasonic forage data corresponding to the forage growth. A measured forage growth value may be determined as a function of the laser forage data and the ultrasonic forage data.

Abstract: A thermal printer according to this embodiment forms a stereoscopic image by applying heat to a printing medium having a surface evenly coated with foaming capsules which foam when heated. More specifically, the thermal printer includes a conveyance guide which is formed into a convex shape whose apex is an image formation position where heat is applied to the printing medium, and regulates the position of the conveyed printing medium, and a thermal head assembly which is installed such that a thermal head distal end portion contacts with the printing medium conveyed by the conveyance roller from below the image formation position, and forms a stereoscopic image by applying heat to the printing medium.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide targeted cooling for portions of print media during a radiant drying process. One embodiment comprises a radiant dryer and a control system. The radiant dryer includes a radiant energy source within an interior of the radiant dryer that dries a colorant onto a continuous-form medium. The radiant dryer further includes a plurality of independently actuated cooling jets within the interior that apply a cooling gas to the medium. The control system determines regions on the medium where the colorant is at risk of overheating, and directs the cooling jets to apply the cooling gas to the regions.

Abstract: A method for producing and/or packaging cigarettes, in a system in which at least one production unit is fed packaging units from a lower packaging level, and the production unit packages the packaging units in associated packaging units from a higher level, and the packaging units from the higher packaging level each comprise one or more packaging units from the lower packaging level. A camera records images of the packs of the packaging units from the lower level which are to be fed, or have been fed, to the production unit, and a camera records images of the packs of the packaging units from the higher level which are respectively assigned to the packaging units from the lower level, and the recorded images of the packs of the respectively associated packaging units are each assigned to a common identifier, preferably to a machine-internal counting number of the production unit.

Abstract: A system to detect occupants is provided. The system may rotate the field of views of multiple sensors in order to scan an area. The system may scan the area multiple times. The system may determine the number of occupants in the area based on a comparison of a scan of the area with a scan of the area when the area is determined to be unoccupied. The system may determine the number of occupants in the area based on a maximum number of occupants detected by any of the sensors. The system may also determine a location of an object or an occupant from scans of the area obtained from multiple sensors.

Abstract: A radiation imaging system includes a radiation imaging cassette and a console device. A communication mode between the cassette and the console device is switchable between a wired mode and a wireless mode. Due to shortage of a battery of the cassette, the communication mode is switched to the wired mode to start charging the battery and send image data from the cassette to the console device through a cable. The console device has first and second judging sections. The first judging section judges whether or not a charge level of the battery exceeds a predetermined threshold value. The second judging section judges whether or not radiography is in progress. If it is judged that the charge level of the battery exceeds the predetermined threshold value and the radiography is not in progress, a window that indicates permission for switching to the wireless mode is displayed on a monitor.

Abstract: A laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) apparatus and a method of making an electronic device using the same are disclosed. The LITI apparatus includes a chamber, a substrate support, a contact frame, and a laser source or oscillator. The LITI apparatus transfers a transferable layer from a film donor device onto a surface of an intermediate electronic device. The LITI apparatus uses a magnetic force to provide a close contact between the transferable layer and the surface of the intermediate device. The magnetic force is generated by magnetic materials formed in two components of the LITI apparatus that are spaced apart interposing transferable layer and the surface of the intermediate device. Magnets or magnetic materials are formed in the two following components of the LITI apparatus: 1) the intermediate device and the film donor device; 2) the intermediate device and the contact frame; 3) the substrate support and the film donor device; or 4) the substrate support and the contact frame.

Abstract: Methods and systems for three-dimensional imaging include sampling one or more emissions which are reflected back from a target scene with one or more micro-channel plates. The one or more sampled emissions are processed in one or more frames. Within each frame a phase is extracted and a distance to the target scene and amplitude is determined on a pixel-by-pixel basis. A three dimensional image of the target scene is generated and provided based on the extracted phase and the determined distance and amplitude for the one or more frames.

Abstract: A LTHC layer for use in radiation induced thermal transfer includes a modified pigment.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for ratiometric detection of analytes by surface plasmon coupled emission detection that includes disposing a target on the metal layer of a surface plasmon resonance detection system; coupling a first analyte to a first fluorescent dye and a second analyte to a second fluorescent dye; contacting the first and second analytes to the target on the surface plasmon resonance detection system; and measuring the intensity of a first and a second surface plasmon resonance enhanced fluorescence emission ring, wherein the first and second rings, respectively, quantitatively represents the amount of first and second analyte within 50 nanometers of the metal surface.

Abstract: A laser patterning apparatus for handling a donor film and improving compression uniformity between the donor film and an acceptor substrate is provided. The laser patterning apparatus includes: a stage that supports an acceptor substrate; a shielding mask that is placed on the acceptor substrate to form a pattern and is attached to a donor film on one surface thereof; a laser gun that is disposed at an upper part of the stage to radiate laser light to a portion of the donor film through the pattern of the shielding mask; a pressing member that corresponds to a portion of the shielding mask; and an actuator that is connected to one side of the pressing member to press the pressing member.

Abstract: The infrared image generation device, method and system generate realistic infrared images to accurately test infrared sensors. The device and system include a laser light source, at least one scanner, a processor and a target plate. The scanner(s) receive and redirect the laser light. The processor controls operation of the scanner(s) to generate at least one infrared image and the target plate receives the redirected light from the scanner(s) and, as such, the infrared image(s) are generated on the target plate. For instance, the target plate may display an infrared image having at least one portion that represents a temperature of at least 1000 Kelvin. The target plate may be made of a transparent heat sink layer facing the scanner(s), an insulator layer adjacent to the transparent heat sink layer, and an emissive layer that is at least opaque and is adjacent to the insulator layer.

Abstract: Optical systems that provide for simultaneous images and spectra from an object, such as a tissue sample, an industrial object such as a computer chip, or any other object that can be viewed with an optical system such as a microscope, endoscope, telescope or camera. In some embodiments, the systems provide multiple images corresponding to various desired wavelength ranges within an original image of the object, as well as, if desired, directional pointer(s) that can provide both an identification of the precise location from which a spectrum is being obtained, as well as enhancing the ability to point the device.

Abstract: An infrared light unit for a motor vehicle includes a light source, a reflector having two focal regions and a lens. The light source is in one of the focal regions and produces a pool of reflected light in the other focal region, and the lens converts this pool of light into a beam projected on the road. The light unit includes, between the reflector and the lens, a filter which is opaque to visible light and transparent to infrared light, and which is movable between a position out of the path of light going from the reflector to the lens, and an active position in which all or most of the light going from the reflector to the lens passes through the filter.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising the steps of: superposing an image receiving sheet containing an image receiving layer and a heat transfer sheet containing a substrate, a light-heat conversion layer and an image forming layer on each other with the image forming layer of the heat transfer sheet facing the image receiving layer of the image receiving sheet; and imagewise irradiating the superposed heat transfer sheet with laser light to cause the irradiated area of the image forming layer to be transferred to the image receiving layer, wherein the image forming layer shows a deformation of 110% or more as observed under a transmission electron microscope upon being irradiated with a laser beam, the deformation being represented by equation: Deformation (%)=[(a+b)/b]×100 wherein a represents an increase of a cross-sectional area of an irradiated part of the image forming layer; and b represents a cross-sectional area of that part of the image forming layer before irradiation.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising the steps of: superposing an image receiving sheet containing an image receiving layer and a heat transfer sheet containing a substrate, a light-heat conversion layer and an image forming layer on each other with the image forming layer of the heat transfer sheet facing the image receiving layer of the image receiving sheet; and imagewise irradiating the superposed heat transfer sheet with laser light to cause the irradiated area of the image forming layer to be transferred to the image receiving layer, wherein the image forming layer shows a deformation of 110% or more as observed under a transmission electron microscope upon being irradiated with a laser beam, the deformation being represented by equation: Deformation (%)=[(a+b) /b]×100 wherein a represents an increase of a cross-sectional area of an irradiated part of the image forming layer; and b represents a cross-sectional area of that part of the image forming layer before irradiation.

Abstract: The present invention involves a method for forming an improved lamination envelope (260) for use in forming a pre-press proof (200) which comprises laminating at least one surface of a lamination envelope (150) with a pre-laminate sheet (240) comprising a first thermoplastic layer (300) and a first support layer (145) having a first release layer (270) and first support base (310), forming a lamination sandwich (210). The first support layer (145) from the lamination sandwich (210) is removed forming a pre-lamination envelope (250). A stiffener sheet (170) is laminated to the pre-lamination envelope (250) forming an improved lamination envelope (260).

Abstract: For coding (cigarette) packs (10) in the region of a conveyor, in particular in the region of a (drying) turret (34). A region of an outer pack surface, in particular of a side surface (14), is exposed during the coding. For this purpose, it is possible for the conveying elements of the conveyor to be arranged or designed correspondingly and/or for the walls (42) of the conveyor pockets (33) to be dimensioned correspondingly. Alternatively, the packs (10) are removed from the conveyor, or moved out of the pockets (33), into the region of action of a laser coder (19).

Abstract: An imaging device has a control block for offsetting signal levels and controlling the amplification factor for the signal levels within one frame. The imaging device can image a subject having low-illuminance and high-illuminance areas without reduction in the sensitivity, and allows a wide dynamic range and high sensitivity to be achieved real-time. The imaging device thus can image subjects of different illuminance levels ranging from a low-illuminance subject to a high-illuminance subject, and can differentiate small illuminance distributions.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a heat mode imaging element for making a lithographic printing plate having on a lithographic base with a hydrophilic surface a first layer including a polymer, soluble in an aqueous alkaline solution and a top layer on the same side of the lithographic base as the first layer which top layer is IR-sensitive and unpenetrable for an alkaline developer wherein said first layer and said top layer may be one and the same layer; characterized in that said top layer contains a compound that increases the dynamic friction coefficient of the top layer to between 0.40 and 0.80.

Abstract: An imaging device has a control block for offsetting signal levels and controlling the amplification factor for the signal levels within one frame. The imaging device can image a subject having low-illuminance and high-illuminance areas without reduction in the sensitivity, and allows a wide dynamic range and high sensitivity to be achieved real-time. The imaging device thus can image subjects of different illuminance levels ranging from a low-illuminance subject to a high-illuminance subject, and can differentiate small illuminance distributions.

Abstract: To record an image on a thermally sensitive medium, the medium is subjected to radiation from a single radiation emitter to heat a first portion of the medium to a first temperature which is below a threshold temperature at which the medium records. The medium is also subjected to radiation from the same radiation emitter to heat a different portion of the medium to a second temperature, which is above the threshold temperature, to record the image on the medium.

Abstract: A bleachable composition, including an acid photogenerator and a near-infrared radiation-absorbing dye or pigment, is utilized in a method of migration imaging to prevent unwanted absorptions. This composition can be incorporated either in the thermoplastic imaging surface layer of the imaging element, in the marking particles applied to the element, or both. Alternatively, the components of the bleachable composition can be separated with one in the thermoplastic imaging surface layer and the other in the marking particles. After the imaging element is marked and exposed with near-infrared radiation, the bleachable composition caused exposed portions of the imaging element to be bleached. If further bleaching is needed, the element can subsequently be exposed with near-ultraviolet radiation. A migration imaging method, which does not employ the bleachable composition of the present invention, wherein marking particles are magnetically attracted to the imaging element, is also provided.

Abstract: A donor sheet having at least a thin image-forming film on a support is brought into a superposed relationship with an image-receiving material having an image-receiving layer provided on a support either directly or with at least one cushion layer interposed in such a way that the thin film faces the image-receiving layer, and thermal energy is applied imagewise onto the donor sheet, which is then peeled from the image-receiving material to form an image on the latter. Donor sheets having a plurality of peelable thin films are combined selectively with different image-forming materials to insure that at least operations selected from among color image formation, mask image formation, platemaking and filter preparation are possible.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object including a planar main face bearing a color image therein made by the process including the steps of scanning an image onto a film base material with a characteristic gamma curve thereby converting the image into digital information, transferring the digital information to a computer wherein the information is selectively modified so as to reconfigure the characteristic gamma curve and produce secondary modified digital information to produce a second modified image, the second modified image being reproduced in image form on a thermal sublimation transfer sheet containing dye in a solid state such that upon superimposing the thermal sublimation transfer sheet onto the main face of the three-dimensional object, orienting it thereon, and applying heat so as to convert the dye into a gaseous state which will sublimate penetrating the three-dimensional object at its main face and reproducing the second modified image directly in the main face.

Abstract: A lubrication system for thermally-imaged films comprising a thermally-active imaging film including a thermally-active imaging layer, a lubrication layer including poly(tetra-fluoroethylene) particulates coupled to said thermally-active imaging layer, and a temperature control for controlling the temperature of the lubrication layer to prevent distortion. In a particular embodiment, the lubrication layer comprises a polymeric binder having about three percent poly(tetra-fluoroethylene) particulates therein and the imaging layer includes a polymer matrix having a heat activated image producing compound therein. The temperature control prevents a heat buildup in the lubrication layer in excess of 230 millijoules per pixel.

Abstract: A migration imaging system using a laser-addressable thermoplastic imaging member. The imaging member comprises a supporting section and a thermoplastic imaging surface layer. A charged, uniform layer of marking particles is deposited on the imaging surface layer. An imagewise-modulated laser beam transforms selected volumes of the imaging surface layer in an imagewise pattern to a permeable state. Charged marking particles that superpose a transformed volume then migrate into the imaging surface layer so as to be retained. Unaddressed marking particles are cleaned away. The imaging member, or solely the imaging surface layer, may be transferred and bonded to a receiver such as a drum for use as an exposure mask, or to a receiver sheet to provide a hard copy reproduction. The processed imaging member is usable as a master in a xeroprinting system.

Abstract: An image transfer apparatus for transferring an image recorded on an image sheet to an image-receiving sheet wherein the image sheet and the image-receiving sheet placed one above the other on a guide plate, together with the guide plate and a cover sheet having one end secured to the guide plate for covering the image sheet and the image-receiving sheet, are transported in one direction along a transporting passage and passed through a transfer station, and are subsequently transported in an opposite direction along the transporting passage and are passed again through the transfer station. The apparatus has a takeup device for drawing out the cover sheet as the guide plate is transported in one direction, and for taking up the cover sheet as the guide plate is transported in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A thermal copier for reproducing an image printed on a document on a thermosensitive sheet by transporting the document and sheet together and illuminating them by thermal rays that pass through the sheet. A belt for transporting the document and sheet to an exposing position has opposite ends, as distinguished from an endless belt. The opposite ends of the belt each is anchored to respective one of a reversible feed roller and a reversible take-up roller. The document and sheet are driven to the exposing position by the reversible rotation of the rollers.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus which includes a conveying device for conveying a transfer recording medium having a transfer recording layer whose transfer characteristics change when a first energy and a second energy different from the first energy are applied thereto. A recording section is disposed along a conveying route of the transfer recording medium conveyed by the conveying device and having a first energy applying device for applying the first energy to the transfer recording medium and a second energy applying device for applying the second energy thereto. A tension imparting device is used for imparting tension to the transfer recording medium in such a manner that the transfer recording medium is pressed against the first energy applying device. A transfer device for transferring an image formed on the transfer recording medium in the recording section to a recording medium and a conveying device for conveying the recording medium to a discharge section via the transfer device are also employed.

Abstract: A system for providing a personal booklet, such as a passport, with a picture of the face and personal data of the bookholder to thereby provide the booklet holder's identity. The system includes entering a picture of the face of an applicant, the picture being attached to an application form, as a figure image into an image composing device, entering personal data of the applicant entered in the application form as an character image, producing a composite image of the figure and character images, printing the composite image onto a thermal transfer type photosensitive printing paper, transfering the printed composite image onto an image receiving layer coated on a transparent cover sheet bound in the booklet, and sandwiching the image receiving material layer between a supporting sheet bound in the booklet next to the transparent cover sheet and the transparent cover sheet.

Abstract: A method of heating an image formation sheet of the present invention comprises heating while winding the image formation sheet around the periphery of a drum during heat developing and heat transfer. When the total length of the image formation sheet is greater than the length of a contact portion on the periphery of a drum, the image formation sheet and a sheet on which an image is formed are heated while being conveyed at a constant speed so that the heating time is over a given value. While when the total length of the image formation sheet is less than the length of the contact portion on the periphery of the drum, the image formation sheet is wound around the drum at a speed higher than the constant speed, and is heated for development in a stationary state, and is subsequently separated from the drum at the higher speed than the constant speed.

Abstract: A thermal transfer recording medium having a support and provided thereon, plural heat softening layers is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for recording an image on a recording medium. A heat-sensitive sheet having a light-transmissive base sheet provided with a heat-fusible supercooled substance layer is made to abut a copy original such that the heat-fusible supercooled substance layer faces the original image to be copied while flashlight is projected onto the base sheet of the heat-sensitive sheet. Thus, the image portion of the copy original to be copied absorbs the light transmitted through the heat-sensitive sheet and thereby generates heat so that an adhesive area containing a pattern corresponding to the original image is formed on the supercooled substance layer. After the heat-sensitive sheet has been removed from the copy original, such an adhesive area is transferred to the recording medium owing to the adhesiveness of the adhesive area.

Abstract: A photosensitive material and comprises a photosensitive and heat-developable element and a polymer, and is capable of being endowed with stickness by a change of pH value or being subjected to exposure and heating. An image formation process comprises the steps of subjecting to imagewise exposure the photosensitive material, heating the photosensitive material, electrifying the photosensitive material, and transferring the iamgewise exposed or unexposed portion of the photosensitive material. The photosensitive and heat-developable element comprises a least a photosensitive silver salt and a reducing agent and the polymer has a cross-linked structure.

Abstract: An image transfer apparatus for transferring an image on an image sheet to an image-receiving sheet, while the image sheet and the image-receiving sheet are held in a superposed condition, comprises a working station for placing the image sheet and the image-receiving sheet one above the other on a support member to make up a transported sheet assembly, a tacking station for tentatively occuring the image sheet and the image-receiving sheet of the transported sheet assembly together, a transfer station for applying pressure and heat to the transported sheet assembly tentatively secured, and a feed mechanism for feeding the transported sheet assembly through the working station, the tacking station and the transfer station in sequence. Accordingly, the transported sheet assembly is fed automatically by the feed mechanism from the working station through the tacking station and the transfer station in sequence.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming a pattern in a metal stencil or screen which is covered by a covering layer in the form of a resist material. The pattern is formed by locally removing the lacquer or resist from the screen's perforations with the use of a beam of high energy radiation such as a laser beam. The resist material used is filled to a high concentration with metal powder to increase its thermal conductivity. The present invention also relates to a metal stencil provided with such a metal-filled covering layer which is patternable with the use of a radiation beam.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus which produces an image on a photosensitive recoding medium through a light shieldable mask image carried on a light transmissive member. The apparatus comprises; a mask image forming means provided at a mask image forming zone for forming the light shieldable mask on the light transmissive member; exposure means for exposing the photosensitive recording medium to light through the light transmissive member carrying the mask in an exposure zone for forming a latent image corresponding to the mask image on the photosensitive recording medium, the mask image forming zone being identical with the exposure zone; developing means for developing the latent image into a visible image on the photosensitive recording medium; and, a holding means for selectively holding portions of the light transmissive member extending outside of the exposure zone and maintaining the light transmissive member in the exposure zone during the mask image formation and during the exposure.

Abstract: A copying machine for making a hard copy of an original comprises an image sensor for reading an image of the original to provide image signals, a memory for memorizing the image signals after or before processing the image signals for necessary corrections, and a printer for printing an image on a copying sheet according to the image signal after image processing. Preferably, a thermal printing head and a heat sensitive sheet are used. The copying machine is compact and either is incorporated in a portable overhead projector or is used as a writing board copy machine. In the former case, the image sensor is disposed in a supporting arm for supporting an image projection lens assembly above a base section of the overhead projector on which a transparent original is placed.

Abstract: A thermal developing photo-sensitive material is conveyed from a supplying roll to a winding roll along a straight path. Linear optical exposure is provided to the photo-sensitive material. An image forming solvent is applied to the photo-sensitive material along this straight path. An image receiving material is combined with the photo-sensitive material, and the photo-sensitive material and the image receiving material are heated, also along this straight path, so that the image formed on the photo-sensitive material is transferred onto the image receiving material. The supplying roll and the winding roll are accommodated in a single magazine, and while the photo-sensitive material is being wound on the winding roll, the image receiving material is allowed to come off the photo-sensitive material automatically. No cutting apparatus for the photo-sensitive material is required.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus of the type in which a latent image formed on a heat-developable photosensitive material through exposure is developed and the developed image is then transferred to an image-receiving material so as to be recorded on said image-receiving material. The exposure is effected on the heat-developable photosensitive material wound on the outer peripheral surface of an exposure drum, and the development and the transfer of the image are conducted with the image-receiving material wound around the heat-developable photosensitive material on the exposure drum, whereby the size of the apparatus as a whole is remarkably reduced.

Abstract: A heat developing and transferring apparatus for conducting a heat development of a latent image formed on an exposed heat-developable photosensitive material and for conducting transfer of the developed image from said heat-developable photosensitive material to an image receiving material in the presence of an image forming solvent. The image receiving material and the heat-developable photosensitive material are superposed on a rotary drum in the mentioned order. An image formed on the heat-developable photosensitive material is transferred to the image receiving material by the heat generated by a heater. Then, the heat-developable photosensitive material is separated from the rotary drum and the image receiving material remaining on the rotary drum is dried before it is separated.

Abstract: The developing section in an image recording apparatus includes a belt having a heater incorporated therein, and the exposed sensitive material and belt are wound together onto a take-up roll for thermally developing the image. After development, rotating the take-up roll in the reverse direction unrolls the sensitive material and allows it to be forwarded on for image transfer.

Abstract: A pressurizing image forming apparatus makes use of a photo- and pressure-sensitive heat-developable material including a substrate and a layer formed on the substrate from a heat-developable material which enables the developed image to be fixed by the application of pressure. The image on the exposed photosensitive material is developed by application of heat and then fixed by application of pressure onto an image receiving layer on the photosensitive material itself or a separate image-receiving sheet. The fixing of the image is effected by intermittant application of impact pressure by cooperation between an impact pressurizing means; and platen means disposed to oppose the impact pressurizing means.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus employs a photo- and pressure-sensitive heat-developable material having a substrate and a layer formed on the substrate from a material which is photo-sensitive and heat-developable and which enables the developed image to be fixed by a pressure, and an image receiving material. The photosensitive material and the image receiving material being adapted to be superposed one on the other and pressed to each other so as to transfer the image from the photosensitive material to the image receiving material. The pressing of these two materials is conducted by a means which includes a pair of pressing rolls for nipping the photosensitive material and the image receiving material therebetween; back-up rolls means having an axial length smaller than that of the pressing rolls and adapted for acting on at least one of the pressing rolls; and back-up roll pressing means capable of independently adjusting the pressure exerted by the back-up roll means on the pressing rolls.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus employs a photo- and pressure-sensitive heat-developable material having a substrate and a layer formed on the substrate from a material which is photo-sensitive and heat-developable and which enables the developed image to be fixed by a pressure. The apparatus has the following major parts: an exposure device for exposing the material to an original image so as to form a latent image corresponding to the original image on the photo-sensitive material; a heat-developing device for thermally setting the portion of the material corresponding to the latent image thereby immobilizing the image; a pressing transfer device for superposing the material and an image-receiving material in contact with each other and pressing them together; and a conveyor drum defining a path of convey therearound. At least two of the exposure device, the heat-developing device and the pressing transfer device being arranged along the path.

Abstract: A portable copying machine has a thermal head printer for printing image information on a copy paper, a Charge Coupled Device for reading out the image information, and a time-limit device of which setting time is varied in response to the voltage of power source, whereby a copying shade of the copy paper is kept constant, even if the voltage of a power source is changed by controlling the strobe pulse of the thermal head printer by the time-limit device.

Abstract: A copying machine records an image on a recording sheet through the use of an ink donor sheet with thermally transferable ink.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a scanning electron microscope in which an electron beam is finely focused into a small beam diameter and irradiated on a specimen so that the focused electron beam may scan two-dimensionally to obtain an image with signals of secondary electrons generated from the specimen. The scanning electron microscope is equipped with means for making the moving speed of a specimen stage, which is movable two-dimensionally in response to electric control signals, automatically variable in association with the magnification of the image.