Abstract: Apparatus wherein an image intensifier (16) is interposed between a plurality of emission sites (10) from which emanate photons and a photo-detector (20) coupled to the output of the image intensifier to produce separate electrical signals processed by computer (24) to enable the respective signals to be correlated to the sites of the original emission source.

Abstract: An apparatus for the multiple analysis of gases which can react with another gas to produce emission of light has at least two reaction chambers (1a, 1b), a single photodetector (3) and an optical redirection system (2) with a reflection surface movably mounted between the reaction chambers for sequentially and rapidly redirecting the light from the two reaction chambers onto the single photodetector for evaluation.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cell and wavelength-shifting device, comprising a dihydropyridine condensation product chelated to a lanthanide metal ion, to expand the solar spectrum available to the cell for conversion into electricity. Method to detect an amine or an aldehyde for forming a dihydropyridine condensation product chelated to a lanthanide metal ion and measuring the long life fluorescence of the chelated metal ion to determine the amount of amine or aldehyde present.

Abstract: An optical atomic resonance filter using two pump lasers, a buffer gas and magnesium as an atomic vapor converts underwater signals in the Fraunhofer wavelengths in the green portion of the spectrum to UV light which is readily detectable by conventional photomultiplier tubes.

Abstract: A gas analyzer for determining the concentration of the oxides of nitrogen in a sample gas is provided. The analyzer is particularly adapted for analyzing the exhaust from an internal combustion engine. In one embodiment, the analyzer comprises a sample chamber and a reference chamber. An arrangement is provided for delivering sample gas containing the lower oxide of nitrogen (NO) to the sample chamber and a quantity of ozone (O.sub.3) for reacting with this oxide of nitrogen and producing a chemiluminescence. After the chemiluminescence is completed, the sample gas is discharged to the reference chamber. A sample photodiode is disposed adjacent to the sample chamber for receiving light emitted from the sample chamber and producing a sample signal representative of the total photoemissivity of the sample gas.

Abstract: A luminometer apparatus has a light-tight box (12) into which a cuvette (2) containing a sample and a reagent are located for producing a phosphorescent reaction. The phosphorescent reaction is detected by a photodetector (PD) and a shutter (3) is interposed between the cuvette and the shutter. Output signals from the photodetector are applied to a circuit arrangement (FIG. 4) which detects the phosphorescent reaction at predetermined intervals and by subtracting the successive values of light from one another so a measured peak value of light intensity is determined. The shutter is closed and the dark current signal of the photodetector is determined and subtracted from the measured peak value. A true peak intensity of the emitted light is thus derived and the concentration of the material being assayed is calculated by raising the peak intensity to the power n where n has a value between 0 and 9 predeterminedly derived for the sample.

Abstract: A stable, inexpensive and easily constructed photometer consisting of a cercial intergrated photodetection assembly, complementary solid-state operational amplifiers and a solid-state power supply for use in the detection and quantification of low level light emissions from bioluminescence organisms and for the detection of the absence of bioluminescence. Means are provided for controlling the sensitivity of the system as well as providing for direct readout or intergration of the detected signals where they are intermittent.

Abstract: A gas analyzer for determining the concentration of the oxides of nitrogen in a sample gas is provided. The analyzer is particularly adapted for analyzing the exhaust from an internal combustion engine. The analyzer comprises a sample chamber and a reference chamber. An arrangement is provided for delivering sample gas containing the lower oxide of nitrogen (NO) to the sample chamber and a quantity of ozone (O.sub.3) for reacting with this oxide of nitrogen and producing a chemiluminescence. After the chemiluminescence is completed, the sample gas is discharged to the reference chamber. A sample photodiode is disposed adjacent to the sample chamber for receiving light emitted from the sample chamber and producing a sample signal representative of the total photoemissivity of the sample gas.

Abstract: A test chamber is disclosed for determining the bioluminescent signatures of planktonic organisms in which a light tight chamber has at least one light port, and preferably two light ports, where photomultiplier tubes are connected to the test chamber for detecting and measuring the flash kinetics of marine organisms. A door is pivotally mounted on the light tight chamber for permitting insertion and withdrawal of an organism sample holder. A vacuum tube is connected to the test chamber and to the sample holder via a passageway such that the organism can be excited by means of drawing off the fluid containing the organism. The bioluminescent characteristics of the organisms in the sample holder can then be detected and measured by means of the photomultiplier tubes.

Abstract: In a method of testing the biological effects of cell-lots, which release a characteristic or stimulatable ultra-weak photon radiation, the intensity and/or the photon statistic of the ultra-weak photon radiation is measured, as the test factor, for the purpose of the in vitro examination of substances for possible cell-damaging or regenerating effects, or for the purpose of carrying out quality control on biological substances, such as foodstuffs, edible plants or seed materials.

Abstract: A detection apparatus of a simple construction is formed from an electro-chemiluminescence cell (12) having connections for the supply and the discharge of a liquid to be examined, particularly a mobile phase coming from the separation column of a liquid chromatograph, a voltage source (11) and a detector (14) for electric current, which are connected to the electrodes (1, 2) of the cell (12). Preferably a radiation-sensitive element (13) is also provided.

Abstract: For use in a system for analyzing sample constituents by metastable transfer emission spectroscopy, an improved apparatus for mixing a sample gas with a metastable gas. The apparatus provides an unobstructed path for the flow of sample gas so as to minimize deposition of the sample on walls of the apparatus. The apparatus may comprise an annular manifold coaxially mounted around a conduit through which flows the sample, or it may comprise a collar detachably connected in line with such a conduit.

Abstract: A device for monitoring low levels of light emission in a selected underwr environment is provided with a photodetector having a light sensitive surface oriented into the environment, the photodetector generating electrical signals which are representative of light impinging upon the light sensitive surface. A window is positioned between the light sensitive surface and the underwater environment to protect the photodetector from the underwater environment, and a first material is positioned between the window and the underwater environment to prevent biological growth upon the window. A second material is placed in cooperative relationship with the first material to shift the wavelengths of certain light photons occurring in the underwater environment from a first wavelength range to a second wavelength range, in order to increase the attenuation lengths of the photons before they pass through the window.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for analyzing the structure of light burst activity ich is generated by a particular light source, such as a group of bioluminescent organisms. The apparatus includes a photon detector for detecting discrete photons of light occurring proximate to the source during each sampling time in a series of sampling times, and further includes a counter coupled to the photon detector for providing successive photon counts, a photon count being the number of discrete photons detected by the photon detector during one of the sampling times. A pulse height analyzing device is coupled to the counter for providing a distribution of the photon counts over the sampling time series.

Abstract: An alkaline-acid end point detector for titration reactions in which the phenomenon of chemiluminescence is used to detect the end point by monitoring, by means of an electronic light detector, the light output of the reaction materials in a light-tight vessel. The output from the detector is differentiated to detect the maximum output which corresponds to the reaction end point. The detector is useful in the determination of acid numbers in oils and greases.

Abstract: A toy apparatus with a photoemissive motor control system includes a chamber into which a phosphorescent member is placed, whereupon photoemission acts upon a photosensitive element to activate a motor control circuit for operation of a motor which drives the toy apparatus. An activation apparatus is provided, which includes a battery operated lamp for periodic re-energization of the phosphorescent member.

Abstract: Ozone may be detected in the upper atmosphere by the ozonesonde of the suct invention. The inventive ozonesonde directs an ambient air flow in a continuous stream over a chemiluminescent disc, which reacts with the ozone to produce oxygen and light. The intensity of the light is detected and measured as an indicator of the ozone concentration. The air flow is exited from the instrument thereby allowing a maximum quantity of air to be sampled for a more accurate determination of the oxygen concentration.

Abstract: A sample holder and shutter assembly for photometers is disclosed in which a stationary sample chamber body is mounted in close proximity to a photosensitive device. A light path is provided from the sample chamber to the photosensitive device and shutter means is provided for selectively interrupting and opening the light path between the photosensitive device and the sample chamber without moving the sample chamber. Heat exchange means including a heat pump and a heat reservoir are provided for maintaining a desired temperature in the sample chamber. The sample chamber body is thermally connected to said heat pump and is preferably thermally isolated from the means mounting it. In one embodiment, the heat pump and heat reservoir are flexibly connected.

Abstract: A sensitive portable detector for nickel carbonyl is provided which relies on chemiluminescence produced in the presence of ozone and carbon monoxide by pulse-modulating the carbon monoxide feed to the reactor chamber and detecting the resulting modulation of the output signal. The instrument is thus made insensitive to any NO which may be present in the gas sample.

Abstract: A sample analyzer includes a microscope for alternatively focusing an electromagnetic radiation on the sample to cause ion emission therefrom and visually observing the sample; a mass spectrometer for the mass analysis of the emitted ions; an illuminating device for lighting the sample for the microscopic visual observation thereof; an ion optical system for directing the emitted ions into the mass spectrometer; and a displaceably supported carrier carrying the ion optical system and at least one part of the illuminating device. The carrier has a first position in which the ion optical system is in an operating position in alignment with the sample and a second position in which the illuminating device is in an operating position in alignment with the sample. There is further provided an actuator for selectively moving the carrier into its positions in a direction generally perpendicular to the axis of the ion optical system.

Abstract: A sulfur monitor analyzer is disclosed and utilizes a burner or flame holder, a burner or reaction chamber, a photomultiplier tube, a light collimator, and chopper blade members with openings so as to permit a flame disposed in the burner or reaction chamber to be seen by the photomultiplier tube at all times. A chemiluminescent radiation mask is disposed operatively between a portion of the chemiluminescent radiation and the photomultiplier tube so as to provide a chopper open mode of operation at which time the photomultiplier tube receives the flame radiation and a fraction of any chemiluminescent radiation surrounding the flames with any remaining fraction of any chemiluminescent radiation being obscured permanently by the chemiluminescent radiation mask. When the chopper is in the closed mode of operation, the photomultiplier tube receives only the radiation from the flame through an aperture defined by an opening in the opaque segment of this chopper or chemiluminescent radiation mask.

Abstract: Device for determining the concentration of vaporous components in a gas current, wherein the gas current reacts in a heated reaction room with ozon and the intensity of the chemiluminescent radiation emitted herewith is measured by a photoelectric cell.

Abstract: A chemiluminescence detector is comprised of a gaseous reaction chamber having a light transmitting element mounted to define one wall of the reaction space. A light responsive device, for example a photomultiplier, is arranged to receive light generated by a chemiluminescent reaction within the reaction chamber and transmitted through the light transmitting element. A thermoelectric heat pump means is situated in proximity to the reaction chamber and to the photomultiplier. The heat pump means is arranged to provide for cooling of the photomultiplier by extracting heat therefrom while simultaneously heating the reaction chamber. The thermoelectric heat pump is comprised of at least one mounting gasket means arranged to have a first surface in contact with the housing of the reaction chamber and a second surface in contact with a portion of the housing of the light sensing means.

Abstract: A monitor continuously senses light emitted by the chemiluminescent reaction of such substances as ozone and nitric oxide in order to measure an unknown quantity or concentration of one of the substances which may, for example, be an air pollutant. The monitor comprises a specially designed reaction chamber intended to utilize a high concentration reactant gas in such a fashion as to permit the measurement of light output of the chemiluminescent reaction with the sample gas by a solid state detector and associated electronics which eliminate the need for the use of a photomultiplier tube. The reactor body has an end closure means to form an annular plenum chamber surrounding a light transmitting means mounted by the closure means in one end of the reaction chamber.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for testing a sample by means of luminescent reaction to detecting reactive materials therein. A translucent ribbon of filter material is provided to filter the sample and to carry the residue to a reaction position. A translucent surface is provided to carry a reagent to the reaction position. Both surfaces are brought into mutual contact in a region between two photodetectors, which thereby detect the resulting luminescent reaction to provide an indication of the quantity of reactive material present in the sample. An improved pinion roller advances the ribbon of filter material in a reliable fashion.

Abstract: Sulphur dioxide is reacted with silver nitrite at room temperature to release nitrogen dioxide in a known ratio and the nitrogen dioxide may, then, be measured as an indication of the presence and amount of sulphur dioxide.

Abstract: Apparatus disclosed herein provide simple means for observing chemiluminescent reactions and for measuring the concentrations of several constituents of a gaseous sample substantially simultaneously, as for example the concentrations of NO.sub.x, NO and NO.sub.2 in a mixture of other gases. Chemiluminescence is induced by the spontaneous reaction of selected constituents with reagents in a plurality of small reaction chambers confronting a single sensitive photodetector. The reation chambers utilize concentric feed nozzles to enhance the intimate mixing of reactants to promote more complete and rapid reaction near ambient pressure in a minimized space.