Abstract: A processor of an radiographic image capturing system comprises a display unit for displaying a registration menu through which ordering information for image-capturing is registered, the ordering information including an image capturing unit to be used and image capturing conditions, a detecting unit for detecting a type of the image capturing unit to be used, and a selecting unit for selecting the registration menu to be displayed on the display unit, depending on the detected type of the image capturing unit to be used.

Abstract: First drive wirings electrically connected to output switching elements TT11 to TT63 in a plurality of n-th row pixels 111 and second drive wirings electrically connected to initializing switch elements TR11 to TR63 in a plurality of pixels 111 along a predetermined row are connected to a first drive circuit unit 121 arranged on a first side of a glass substrate 10. Third drive wirings electrically connected to output switching elements in a plurality of n+1-th row pixels 111 and fourth drive wirings electrically connected to initializing switch element in a plurality of pixels 111 along another row different from a predetermined row are connected to a second drive circuit unit 122 arranged along a second side in opposition to the first side of the glass substrate 10 sandwiching the converting unit 110 between the first and second sides.

Abstract: When a first image capturing apparatus installed in an image capturing room is selected and a power supply switch of a radiation converter used in the first image capturing apparatus is turned on, a controller generates an image capturing apparatus identification signal for specifying the image capturing apparatus, and sends the identification signal together with ID information of the selected image capturing apparatus stored in an ID memory to a console in the image capturing room via a transceiver by wireless communications. The console reads image capturing conditions for the selected image capturing apparatus from an image capturing condition storage unit, and supplies the conditions to a radiation generator for recording a radiographic image in the radiation converter. The radiation generator controls a radiation source according to the supplied conditions to emit radiation for recording a desired radiographic image on a radiation conversion panel of the radiation converter.

Abstract: A radiographic image capturing system includes an image capturing apparatus for applying radiation to a subject, an electronic cassette serving as a radiation detecting apparatus for detecting radiation X transmitted through the subject, a power feeder for supplying electric power contactlessly to a contactless power receiver of the electronic cassette, an image-capturing-state determining unit for determining whether image-capturing by the radiation is being performed or not, and a signal generator for generating a feeding inhibition signal to inhibit the power feeder from supplying electric power contactlessly to the electronic cassette if the image-capturing-state determining unit judges that the image-capturing is being performed.

Abstract: Radiation analysis devices include circuitry configured to determine respective radiation count data for a plurality of sections of an area of interest and combine the radiation count data of individual of sections to determine whether a selected radioactive material is present in the area of interest. An amount of the radiation count data for an individual section is insufficient to determine whether the selected radioactive material is present in the individual section. An article of manufacture includes media comprising programming configured to cause processing circuitry to perform processing comprising determining one or more correction factors based on a calibration of a radiation analysis device, measuring radiation received by the radiation analysis device using the one or more correction factors, and presenting information relating to an amount of radiation measured by the radiation analysis device having one of a plurality of specified radiation energy levels of a range of interest.

Abstract: An OCT technique that permits tomographic observation of biological body parts that are difficult to restrain, and also provides a tomographic observation technique for the observation of a constrainable part that does not require constraint and thus removes a burden on the biological body. A wavelength-tunable light generator (wavelength-tunable light source) is employed as the light source of the optical coherence tomography device. The wavelength-tunable light generator has a wave number tunable range width of at least 4.7×10?2 ?m?1 and an emitted-light frequency width of no more than 13 GHz, for example, and is capable of changing the wave number stepwise at wave number intervals of no more than 3.1×10?4 ?m?1 and time intervals of no more than 530 ?s.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging system comprising a motorised X-ray tube located at a fixed focus position (12) relative to an object (14) to be imaged, and a motorised detector (18) for detecting the intensity distribution of radiation transmitted through the object. A control system (22) is provided for calculating two or more angles (Ot1) from which the object (14) should be exposed to radiation in order to cover the entire exposure field (H) occupied by the object (14) and for causing the X-ray tube to be rotated around the fixed focus position (12) so as to expose the object (14) to radiation from each of the respective angles (Ot1). The movement of the detector (18) is also performed automatically so as to correspond with the exposure angles so as to create two or more respective images of respective regions of the object (14) which can be subsequently stitched together to create a complete image thereof.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source to detect fluctuations in the angular distribution of its output radiation wherein a solid raw material is irradiated with a laser beam to generate a vapor. The vapor is subjected to an electrical arc generated between a pair of discharge electrodes to generate a high temperature plasma that emits EUV radiation. The EUV radiation is collected along an optical axis toward a focal point by a plurality of concentrically arranged reflectors. A plurality of EUV radiation detectors are arranged around a circular ring centering on the optical axis of the concentrically arranged reflectors. Each EUV radiation detector includes two spaced apart diaphragms with a pinhole. The pinholes are aligned with a virtual line connecting with the focal point. EUV radiation passing through the pinholes strikes a light detecting element in the detectors.

Abstract: Techniques, apparatus and systems for detecting particles such as muons and neutrons. In one implementation, a particle detection system employs a plurality of drift cells, which can be for example sealed gas-filled drift tubes, arranged on sides of a volume to be scanned to track incoming and outgoing charged particles, such as cosmic ray-produced muons. The drift cells can include a neutron sensitive medium to enable concurrent counting of neutrons. The system can selectively detect devices or materials, such as iron, lead, gold, uranium, plutonium, and/or tungsten, occupying the volume from multiple scattering of the charged particles passing through the volume and can concurrently detect any unshielded neutron sources occupying the volume from neutrons emitted therefrom. If necessary, the drift cells can be used to also detect gamma rays. The system can be employed to inspect occupied vehicles at border crossings for nuclear threat objects.

Abstract: A radiation detecting apparatus includes a flexible radiation detector for detecting radiation that has passed through a subject and converting the detected radiation into radiation image information. The flexible radiation detector includes a flexible substrate, and a plurality of solid block bodies mounted in a two-dimensional array on the flexible radiation detector. The radiation detecting apparatus is capable of avoiding excessive deformations in the radiation detector, and prevents image distortions of the radiation image information. The radiation detecting apparatus also prevents disconnections in the radiation detector. There is also provided a radiation image capturing system incorporating such a radiation detecting apparatus.

Abstract: A high frequency electrical signal control device comprises a transmitter for generating a high frequency electrical signal, a receiver, a transmission line for propagating the electrical signal, and a structure for radiating the electrical signal propagated through the transmission line to the space or receiving a signal from the space. The degree of coupling of the electrical signal between the space and the transmission line provided by the structure can be variably controlled.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dose measuring method which can more easily measure radiation doses in the whole region to which X-rays are radiated, and a phantom and an X-ray radiographic device which are used in the dose measuring method. In measuring doses by mounting a film-type dosimeter on a phantom, the film-type dosimeter is arranged on the phantom along a plane which includes a center axis on which the rotational center of a rotating X-ray source is positioned or along a plane which traverses the center axis. Particularly, the phantom is divided into at least a first base body and a second base body along a plane along which the film-type dosimeter is arranged, and the film-type dosimeter is sandwiched and fixed by the first base body and the second base body.

Abstract: A large field of view projection image is obtained and a small field of view projection image is obtained. The two images are normalized, to take into account the difference between the count data between the images, and the way the images represent data. The large field of view image does not include truncation errors that are present in the small field of view image and therefore is stitched together with the smaller field of view image to use the improved data within the small field of view image with the truncation reduction enabled by the larger field of view image.

Abstract: Systems and methods for non-invasively scanning and analyzing one or more characteristics of a sample utilizing electromagnetic radiation are described. More particularly, the systems and methods utilize an electromagnetic radiation source connected to a transmitter and an analyzer connected to a receiver. A sample to be analyzed is placed between the transmitter and receiver in a variety of different manners and a frequency sweep of electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through the sample to create a series of spectral data sets that are used to create one or more composite spectrograms, which are then analyzed to determine one or more characteristics of the sample. A magnetic field can alternatively be applied around the transmitter, receiver and sample to enhance some characteristic analysis applications. Samples include inert and living items, and the characteristics include a wide variety of different applications.

Abstract: Methods and systems are used to form an image of the contents of an object for display. A neutron mass attenuation matrix n and a gamma-ray mass attenuation matrix g are formed. A composition matrix and a density matrix are calculated whose respective elements Rij and Xij are each defined as a function of the elements nij and the corresponding elements gij. Rij represents an average composition of material within the object between a source which generated the radiation and a point (i,j). Xij represents an approximate amount of material within the object between the radiation source and the point (i,j). A quality matrix is calculated whose elements Qij are defined as a function of the elements nij and the elements gij and represents a measure of the reliability of the determination of the elements of Rij. The image formed for display contains information from R, X, and Q.

Abstract: A neutron source illuminates suspect material leading to emission of gamma rays characteristic of the isotopes present. The system measures Compton scattering of emitted gamma rays using detectors with three dimension event localization capability. Detection does not require full energy deposition. A spatial correlation of projection vectors is computed by a reconstruction that searches for solutions that generate spatial correlation. Identification and location for contraband material is determined from solutions that generate spatial correlation.

Abstract: A method for reconstructing an image of a source (S) of photons from interactions of photons emitted by this source with a detector (2) of a gamma-camera, positioned behind a collimator (4), including: associating with each photon interaction with the detector, a piece of information relating to the depth in the detector, of this interaction, reconstructing an image of the source (S) of photons from said depth information in the detector.

Abstract: A microwave or terahertz and neutron radiation type detector, which uses an orbitron as a radiation source. The detector may have a polarity switching apparatus to enable the orbitron to selectively change from between short wave to neutron emission functions. A highly compact and lightweight identifier of explosives and other chemicals, which may be so small and light as to be hand held, and which is effective at stand-off distances, is thereby provided.

Abstract: A neutron moderator includes a neutron generator; a neutron moderating material arranged on one side of the neutron generator; a gamma ray shielding material covering an external surface of the neutron moderating material; and a thermal neutron absorbing material covering the external surface of the neutron moderating material except a side where the neutron generator is arranged.

Abstract: According to the invention, an RGB-color camera is used to detect the radiation intensity of a reaction product in red, green or blue wavelength range such that the respective blue signal (IB) of the RGB-color camera is used to produce a band radiation value (BS) of the respective reaction product and the respective red and/or green signal (IR, IG) of the RGB-color camera is used to produce the thermal radiation value (TS) by means of pyrometry or comparative pyrometry, whereby the difference of the respective range radiation value (BS) and the respective associated thermal radiation value (TS) is used to produce an emission rate (K) for the radiation intensity of the respective reaction product.

Abstract: In accordance with one aspect, imaging system (10, 190) includes a plurality of detector heads (12, 14, 80, 100, 202) and a frame (20) on which the plurality of detector heads are mounted. The frame is configurable in (i) an operational configuration in which the detector heads are arranged to be manipulated by the frame to acquire imaging data, and (ii) a shipping configuration in which the detector heads remain mounted on the frame and the imaging system is reduced in size along at least one dimension compared with the operational configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing tomographic imaging of an object comprising means for conveying the object through a first imaging means and a second imaging means which are static relative to the conveying means and are comprised of at least one source and detector. The source illuminates the detector with a beam to obtain a tomographic slice with the tomographic slice of the first and second imaging means being coplanar. Between the two imaging means the movement involves a change of direction of motion of the object in the same plane as the tomographic slice whilst maintaining the objects orientation relative to the apparatus.

Abstract: A method for determining attenuation values of an object is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the method includes stationary positioning of the object, irradiation of the object via a radiation source, measurement of the object's transmission data via a detection system, determination of at least one geometric property of the object on the basis of the transmission data, and assignment of attenuation values to the object on the basis of the geometric property.

Abstract: Fissionable materials are distinguished from other high-effective atomic number materials by producing dual-energy x-ray radiation sufficient to cause fission in fissionable materials and directing the dual-energy x-ray radiation sufficient to cause fission in fissionable materials towards a physical region. X-ray radiation and a product of fission from the physical region are sensed. An absorption of the dual-energy x-ray radiation by the physical region is determined based on the sensed x-ray radiation, and whether the physical region includes fissionable material is determined based on the presence of a product of fission.

Abstract: A detector calibration reference is disposed along a path of travel for radiation that extends from a radiation source to a radiation detector. The detector calibration reference has mutually exclusive first and second portions that are offset in a direction transverse to the path of travel, the first portion being substantially opaque to radiation from the source, and the second portion being substantially transmissive to radiation from the source. The detector calibration reference is moved relative to the path of travel in a manner so that the first and second portions become successively aligned with the path of travel.

Abstract: A high frequency electrical signal control device comprises a transmitter for generating a high frequency electrical signal, a receiver, a transmission line for propagating the electrical signal, and a structure for radiating the electrical signal propagated through the transmission line to the space or receiving a signal from the space. The degree of coupling of the electrical signal between the space and the transmission line provided by the structure can be variably controlled.

Abstract: Provided is a system for overlay measurement in semiconductor manufacturing that includes a generator for exposing an overlay target to radiation and a detector for detecting reflected beams of the overlay target. The reflected beams are for overlay measurement and include at least two different beams.

Abstract: The invention is a process for identifying an unknown object. In detail, the process includes the steps of: 1) compiling data on selected features on a plurality of segments of a plurality of known objects; 2) illuminating the unknown object with a laser radar system; 3) dividing the unknown object into a plurality segments corresponding to each of the segments of the known objects; 4) sequentially measuring selected features of each of the plurality of segments of the unknown object; and 5) comparing the sequentially measuring selected features of each of the plurality of segments of the unknown object to the selected features on the plurality of segments of the plurality of known objects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic radioactivity analyzer of mixed liquid beta emitter which comprises: a sample preparation part (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) for extracting a liquid sample from liquid-phase radioactive nuclear wastes; a sample injection part (9 and 10), including a sample transportation part for transporting a bottled sample to a radioactivity detection part to perform measurement; the radioactivity detection part (11) including two photon multiplier tubes; an exterior gamma-ray source injection part (12) for compensating for measurement efficiency according to quenching effects; a signal processing part (13), including a pre-amplifier circuit (14), a high-voltage generator circuit (15), an analogue-to-digital converter circuit (21), and a digital signal processor (DSP) (24), for generating beta spectrums by the aid of a fast coincidence counter (20) and a multi-channel analyzer (22); a main control PC (25) and a graphic user interface (GUI) program (29) for remotely automatically me

Abstract: A system and a method of determining a position of a scattering/reflecting element on a surface of a radiation transmissive element adapted to transport scattered/reflected radiation toward one or more detectors. Radiation having different characteristics or properties is transmitted to different areas of the surface whereby the position of the touch may be determined from the radiation scattered/reflected.

Abstract: A lead shielding for a betatron in an X-ray generator is provided that includes at least four shielding parts of which two are semi-cylindrical and provided with recesses in the envelope surfaces thereof. The semi-cylindrical shielding parts are arranged in corresponding recesses of the remaining shielding parts by means of the envelope surfaces thereof, such that the recesses in the envelope surfaces form air channels between the semi-cylindrical shielding parts and the remaining shielding parts.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for modulating x-ray attenuation, where the x-ray attenuation compound can comprise a molecule having at least two conformational states, a first k-edge atom attached to the molecule at a first position, and a second k-edge atom attached to the molecule at a second position, where the molecule changes from a first conformational state to a second conformational state in response to an external stimulus. Additionally, a first interatom distance between the first k-edge atom and the second k-edge atom in the first conformational state can be within a first harmonic error of 0 to about 0.2, and a second interatom distance between the first k-edge atom and the second k-edge atom in the second conformational state can be within a second harmonic error of about 0.8 to 1.0.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a method for determining a concentration of a molecular species of interest. In this method, electromagnetic radiation is transmitted into a volume of gas within an output exhaust system. The transmitted electromagnetic radiation has a first intensity at a characteristic frequency that is associated with a transition of the molecular species of interest. Electromagnetic radiation is then received from the volume of gas at a second intensity. The method then correlates the first intensity to the second intensity to determine the concentration of the molecular species of interest within the volume of gas. Other methods and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A remote sensing device for detecting materials of varying atomic numbers and systems and methods relating thereto. A system for identifying a material includes a photon beam flux monitor for resolving a high-energy beam. A method for identifying a material includes casting an incident photon beam on the material and detecting an emerging photon beam with an array of fission-fragment detectors, a first set of scintillator paddles, and a second set of scintillator paddles.

Abstract: A radioactivity dose calibrator system measures the quantity of radioactive material contained in a sample-vial or syringe without removing the vial or syringe from its primary radiation shield. The system comprises a first radiation detector, a second radiation detector, a transportable, shielded radioactive material sample-holder, a signal-processing circuit and a video display.

Abstract: In a vehicle, a single detector plane simultaneously measures radiation coming through two coded-aperture masks, one on either side of the detector. To determine which side of the vehicle a source is, the two shadow masks are inverses of each other, i.e., one is a mask and the other is the anti-mask. All of the data that is collected is processed through two versions of an image reconstruction algorithm. One treats the data as if it were obtained through the mask, the other as though the data is obtained through the anti-mask.

Abstract: A Method for determining the material composition of a material sample which emits radiation comprises the following method steps: recording a spectrum of the energy deposited in a detector material by the radiation; determining a first energy deposited in a first energy range, a second energy deposited in a second energy range, and a third energy deposited in a third energy range; assigning a first colour parameter to the first deposited energy, a second colour parameter to the second deposited energy, and a third colour parameter to the third deposited energy; and comparing the assigned colour parameters with predetermined values for the colour parameters, the predetermined values typically corresponding to colour parameters of a predetermined material composition.

Abstract: The invention provides an imaging system using an inherently non-imaging detection probe, linked to a, position and optional contact-sensing device, for use in scanning a surface having a surface radiation flux. The system has processing means to take signals from the detection probe and sensing devices, and to create an image of the geometry of the surface, and of the surface radiation flux. The system also provides means to determine the depth of a radiation source below the surface. The system also has means to present this image to a user.

Abstract: Nuclear gauges and method of configuration and methods of calibrations of the nuclear gauges are provided. The nuclear gauges are used in measuring the density and/or moisture of construction-related materials. The nuclear gauge can include a gauge housing having a vertical cavity therethrough and at least one radiation detector located within the housing. The nuclear gauge can include a vertically moveable source rod and a radiation source operatively positioned within a distal end of the source rod.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment comprises a method and system for (a) detecting objects or targets which may or may not be nonreflective to electromagnetic radiation, and/or (b) generating an image of a subject or area, comprising generating an entangled photon pair beam; splitting the entangled photon pair beam into first and second parts; the first parts being directed in a first direction towards a first location, and the second parts being received into a measuring device; measuring the physical characteristics of the conjugate second parts to determine whether or not the first parts have encountered the presence or absence of an object at the first location in combination with the time that the first part takes to enter the first location. The method and system incorporate a photon beam in a reference path that never directly interacts with the object yet is determinative of presence or absence of an object at the first location.

Abstract: System including electromagnetic radiation source and electromagnetic radiation detector. Electromagnetic radiation source is configured to excite, with electromagnetic radiation having first source frequency, object configured for suppressing responsive emission of electromagnetic radiation having first source frequency. Electromagnetic radiation detector is configured to receive responsive emission of electromagnetic radiation from object. System is configured to detect presence of object. Method includes exciting, with electromagnetic radiation having first source frequency, object configured for suppressing responsive emission of electromagnetic radiation having first source frequency. Method includes receiving responsive emission of electromagnetic radiation from object and utilizing responsive emission to detect presence of object.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing a degradation effect on a signal are described. One of the methods includes pre-processing data based on a scan of a reference object and a scan of a substance. The reference object includes a material having an atomic number ranging from and including forty to sixty.

Abstract: A radioisotope identification and localization device having at least one radiation detector with three dimensional event localization that utilizes a spatial correlation of projection vectors arising from Compton scattering of gamma ray emissions. Source identification and location is supplied by a reconstruction that searches for solutions with radioactive material of unknown type. Detection, identification and localization does not require full energy deposition. Identification and location of known or unknown radioactive material somewhere in a large active area of interrogation is achieved.

Abstract: A negative refractive index device and a method of generating radiation. In one embodiment, the device includes: (1) an optical input configured to receive light and (2) an optical medium having a negative index of refraction and a second-order nonlinearity proximate a center frequency of the light, coupled to the optical input and configured to resonate in response to the light to yield radiation having a phase velocity based on a group velocity of the light.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides systems and methods for detection of agents of interest in a bulk quantity of matter, which also contains clutter and other constituents that typically interfere with the detection of one or more agents of interest. A detection system of the invention generally contains a collection subsystem for obtaining a bulk sample, an interrogation subsystem for generating one or more analytical signals representative of the composition of the bulk sample, and an analytical subsystem according to the teachings of the invention that implements the methods and algorithms of the invention for analyzing the sample analytical signals to determine whether one or more agents of interest are present, e.g., at quantities above a certain threshold, in the bulk sample.

Abstract: A portable electronic device comprising an image capturing unit adapted to capture at least one image of an object. Also, the portable electronic device may include at least one light emitting element adapted to emit infrared light. Further, the image capturing unit may reside within the portable electronic device and be configured to capture an image of the object illuminated with infrared light. The present invention provides a method for illuminating an object, a computer program product and an accessory unit to a portable electronic device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for long-distance quantum communication and scalable quantum computation are disclosed. The methods and apparatus are based on probabilistic ion-photon mapping. Scalable quantum computation is achieved by forming deterministic quantum gates between remotely located trapped ions by detecting spontaneously emitted photons, accompanied by local Coulomb interaction between neighboring ions. Long-distance quantum communication and scalable quantum communication networks formed by employing a number of remote nodes that each include an ion trap and by employing probabilistic photon-mediated entanglement between the ions in each ion trap.

Abstract: A detector and methodology for inspecting a sealed nuclear storage container is described. The detector includes a collimated gamma-ray radiation detector which is moveably borne over the sealed nuclear storage container, and which detects gamma-ray radiation which is emitted by each of a plurality of spent nuclear fuel sources which are enclosed within the sealed nuclear storage container for purposes of detecting the illicit or unauthorized removal of spent nuclear fuel from the nuclear storage container.

Abstract: A system comprises an optical energy producing structure that produces non-visible light and an electrical device comprising a solar cell that faces the structure when the electrical device rests on the structure. The solar cell converts non-visible light from the structure to electrical energy for use by the electrical device. The structure comprises a cover that is substantially transparent to the non-visible light, but is substantially opaque to visible light. The electrical device receives the non-visible light through the cover.

Abstract: A method for high spatial resolution imaging of a plurality of sources of x-ray and gamma-ray radiation is provided. High quality mechanically bent diffracting crystals of 0.1 mm radial width are used for focusing the radiation and directing the radiation to an array of detectors which is used for analyzing their addition to collect data as to the location of the source of radiation. A computer is used for converting the data to an image. The invention also provides for the use of a multi-component high resolution detector array and for narrow source and detector apertures.