Abstract: It is described a method for extending the imaged area of an imaging apparatus (100) by stitching several images (211, 212) together. The method comprises acquiring two images (211, 212) showing different parts of one and the same object (107, 207). Thereby, during both image acquisitions the spatial relationship between a radiation source (104, 204) and the object (107, 207) is maintained constant. Further, in between the two image acquisitions a radiation detector (105, 205) is rotated around the radiation source (104, 204). The method minimizes the stitching deformations by using a new arrangement of the image-acquisition geometries. A customized stitching algorithm can correct for small remaining distortions and yield a perfect perspective projection of the who Ie overview.

Abstract: The invention provides a tomograph, and a tomography method, that is capable of providing reconstructed images of high resolution without truncation for large subjects such as a human body. The tomography 10 consists of first detecting unit 18 that is equipped with multiple radiation detectors, which are arranged in such a way that the view field centers of pinhole collimeters they own approximately match with each other, and is capable of moving around a subject 12 along first orbit C1, and a second detecting unit 22 that is equipped with a plurality of radiation detectors and is capable of moving around the subject 12 along a second orbit C2 that is placed further away from the subject 12 than the first orbit C1, and reconstructs images using image data obtained by the first detector 18 and the second detecting unit 22.

Abstract: A method of operating an electronic device including determining an initial charge level at a non-volatile charge storage structure of a radiation-sensitive device including a radiation-reactive material and determining if a first radiation event has occurred based upon the non-volatile charge storage device having a different charge level than the initial charge level. The method further includes identifying the first radiation event as associated with either a first type of radiation or a second type of radiation based upon the different charge level.

Abstract: An electronic cassette in a radiographic image capturing system includes a radiation detector for detecting radiation applied from an image capturing apparatus and transmitted through a patient, a contactless power receiver for receiving electric power supplied contactlessly from a power feeder and supplying the electric power to a battery, an A/D converter for performing an A/D conversion to convert analog radiographic image information generated based on the radiation applied to the radiation detector into digital radiographic image information, an end-of-A/D-conversion determining unit for determining whether the A/D conversion is finished or not, and a charging controller for stopping the power feeder from supplying electric power contactlessly after the image capturing apparatus has started capturing images until the end-of-A/D-conversion determining unit judges that the A/D conversion is finished.

Abstract: A radiographic image capturing system includes an image capturing apparatus for applying radiation to a subject, an electronic cassette serving as a radiation detecting apparatus for detecting radiation X transmitted through the subject, a power feeder for supplying electric power contactlessly to a contactless power receiver of the electronic cassette, an image-capturing-state determining unit for determining whether image-capturing by the radiation is being performed or not, and a signal generator for generating a feeding inhibition signal to inhibit the power feeder from supplying electric power contactlessly to the electronic cassette if the image-capturing-state determining unit judges that the image-capturing is being performed.

Abstract: A discrimination parameter calculation method for photon detectors in this invention, applies two types of fitting functions which approximate waveforms of count numbers relative to energy ratios to the data having accumulated output waveform signals, and calculates fitting parameters of both the fitting functions. Based on both the fitting parameters, count numbers which are 1/n of peaks of both the fitting functions, and a value of the energy ratio of both the fitting functions corresponding to the count numbers is calculated as discrimination parameter k. Thus, whatever kind first photon detecting elements 35 and second photon detecting elements 37 may be, since discrimination parameter k is automatically calculated based on the fitting parameters after carrying out a fitting with the fitting functions, the discrimination parameter can be calculated with high accuracy.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for determining a biodistribution of radioactive agents in a subject. According to the invention, a detector system comprising two or more detectors arranged to be attached to the subject at localized areas is used for detecting the radiation emitted from the imaging agents at localized tissues within the subject. The measuring results in separate radiation data sets associated to the tissues. The detectors are further being arranged to adapt the measuring rate to the pharmacokinetic behavior of the tissues in order to capture all relevant data points. A processor then uses the data sets for determining the radioactivity within each respective tissue and based thereon the biodistribution within the subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of measurement, comprising treatment of a signal consisting of a succession of temporally spaced main pulses, having a duration D and energy E, which can each consist of a stack of elementary pulses having a duration Di and whose energy is evaluated by a variable Ei having an additivity property, wherein said elementary pulses have instants of appearance Ti following a homogeneous Poisson process of an intensity ?, characterized in that said method comprises the following steps: digitization of the signal; measurement of the duration D and energy E for each main pulse in order to create duration-energy pairs (D,E); determination of the energy pairs (Di,Ei) of the elementary pulses from the constructed pairs (D, E); deduction of energy Ei of each elementary pulse from the determined pairs (Di,Ei). The invention also relates to a signal analysis device comprising means which can implement the method according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention provides antibodies having an antigenic binding site specifically directed against an MN protein, and methods for using such antibodies in treating and diagnosing an MN-related disorder.

Abstract: In a radiation detector, a response is approximated as a primary delay system, and when a time constant T indicating the characteristic of the response is known, a final response value N0 is forecasted from dose rates or counting rates N1 and N2 of two points in the initial or middle stage of response. When the time constant T is unknown, the final response value N0 is forecasted from dose rates or counting rates N1, N2, and N3 of three points in the initial or middle stage of response. Simultaneously, a time constant is obtained and the soundness of the radiation detector is also evaluated. Thereby, a dose rate in an existence field of radiation or a counting rate in an existence field of radioactive materials is quickly and accurately forecasted, whereby the measurement time is shortened.

Abstract: A waveform detector may include multiple stages.

Abstract: A variable waveform detector may include multiple stages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lithography system in which intensities of individually modulated beams from a multitude of beams are determined, comprising a measuring device with a sensor having a sensor area adapted for simultaneously sensing a plurality of beams and providing an aggregated signal thereof. The beams are individually modulated according to associated temporal blanking patterns. The present invention further relates to a method for calculating individual beam intensities dependent on the measured aggregated signal and the temporal blanking patterns of the beams.

Abstract: A device and method for on line dosimetry monitoring of a hadron beam generated from a source of radiation and delivered to a target, the device comprising a plurality of support plates arranged in parallel in a face-to-face relation, separated from each other by gas filled gaps and perpendicularly to the central axis of said hadron beam, and forming a plurality of ionization chambers, each support plate having on a first side one or more collecting electrodes and on a second side one or more high voltage electrode, arranged in such a way that each support plate has said first side substantially opposed to said second side of another support plate. Each support plate has an opening so as to form an inner cavity for allowing the undisturbed passage of a central portion of the hadron beam delivered to said target and a peripheral region for intercepting and measuring, by means of said plurality of ionization chambers, a peripheral portion of said hadron beam.

Abstract: A sensor section is provided with a detection element sensitive to light and radiation so that normal operation of the sensor section can be confirmed. The function for confirming operation of the sensor section using an optical pulse signal from a light emitting element is controlled from a monitor module section for connection with the sensor section. When the optical pulse for confirming operation of the detection element is generated, output from the sensor section is excluded from operation at the monitor module section so that confirmation of operation by an optical pulse is not affected. Furthermore, a configuration for stopping the sensor operation confirmation function when the output from the sensor section is high counting rate is provided over both the sensor section and the monitor module section.

Abstract: A direct radiation converter is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the direct radiation converter is operated using a direct conversion element having a temperature of at least 38° C. and at most 55° C., and designed for detecting X-ray radiation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for non-invasively scanning and analyzing one or more characteristics of a sample utilizing electromagnetic radiation are described. More particularly, the systems and methods utilize an electromagnetic radiation source connected to a transmitter and an analyzer connected to a receiver. A sample to be analyzed is placed between the transmitter and receiver in a variety of different manners and a frequency sweep of electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through the sample to create a series of spectral data sets that are used to create one or more composite spectrograms, which are then analyzed to determine one or more characteristics of the sample. A magnetic field can alternatively be applied around the transmitter, receiver and sample to enhance some characteristic analysis applications. Samples include inert and living items, and the characteristics include a wide variety of different applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is an device for detecting and identifying a radioactive material, comprising: a first detector including a detection surface and generating first pulse signals when gamma rays are incident onto said detection surface; a second detector generating second pulse signals and provided in the front of the detection surface of the first detector, so that the gamma rays entering the second detector directly enter the first detector after passing through the second detector; and an identification unit.

Abstract: A waveform detector may include multiple stages.

Abstract: A method of measuring radioactivity includes determining a fitted spectral distribution region for recorded counts data of at least a first activity peak determining characteristic data of the fitted spectral distribution region, and using the characteristic data to determine a spectral distribution region of a second activity peak.

Abstract: A high sensitivity, three-dimensional gamma ray detection and imaging system is provided. The system uses the Compton double scatter technique with recoil electron tracking. The system preferably includes two detector subassemblies a silicon microstrip hodoscope and a calorimeter. In this system the incoming photon Compton scatters in the hodoscope. The scattered gamma ray could be absorbed by the calorimeter, or the calorimeter could act as a second scatter layer. The recoil electron in the hodoscope is tracked through several detector planes until it stops. The x and y position signals from the first two planes of the electron track could be used to determine the direction of the recoil electron while the energy loss from all planes could be used to determine the energy of the recoil electron.

Abstract: A radiation system includes a radiation source, and a patient support for supporting a patient, the patient support located adjacent to the radiation source such that the radiation source can deliver radiation towards the patient while the patient is supported on the patient support, wherein the patient support and the radiation source are positionable at least partially around a same spatial region. A system for use to determine a treatment plan includes a user interface for allowing a user to define a plurality of control points, a first parameter, and a second parameter, wherein the user interface also allows the user to prescribe which of the first and second parameters is to be optimized, and which of the first and second parameters is to be interpolated.

Abstract: Method for sterilising containers (10), wherein a treatment head (5) is guided into the interior of a container (10) to be sterilised and the treatment head (5) emits radiation in the interior of the container (10) at least intermittently over a predefined time period (dT), wherein the container (5) is moved relative to the treatment head (5) in a longitudinal direction (L) of the container (10) at least intermittently at a relative movement speed (v) over the predefined time period (dT). According to the invention, this relative movement speed (v) of the treatment head (5) located in the interior of the container (10) varies over the predefined time period and is controlled as a function of an internal profile (10a) of the container (10).

Abstract: A detector device for radiation therapy comprising an array of detector cells is provided. Each detector cell comprises an electronic circuit connected to a sensor cell that generates a charge signal in response to an incident radiation hit. The electronic circuit comprises at least two discriminators and at least two analogue counters, and is adapted to substantially simultaneously perform two different measurements on the signal in order to simultaneously provide imaging and dosimetry.

Abstract: The radiation emitted by the various components in a sample of a fluid wherein the radiation emitted by activated molecules within the sample of the fluid is used to determine the nature of and quantities of materials present in the fluid and a fluid analyser system comprising a receptacle(s) and an analysis apparatus containing a consistent light condition compartment containing temperature detection device(s) into which the receptacle containing the fluid sample may be placed and means are provided for activating the molecules within the sample so that the radiation emitted by the sample may be detected and amplified.

Abstract: The measurement is carried out by means of two non-dissociable measurement chains resulting in a continuous measurement which is representative of the total concentration of tars (even as traces) of a hot gas. It involves coupling of methods including one, SPME/GC/MS/PID, which is discontinuous and a priori partial, the other, PID, which is continuous but difficult to interpret alone. It is based on on-line processing of the elements transmitted by each of the measurement methods used. A tar generator (28) allows calibration of the apparatuses and calculation of the different coefficients required. Possible application to the analysis of gas from biomass.

Abstract: A method for reconstructing an image of a source (S) of photons from interactions of photons emitted by this source with a detector (2) of a gamma-camera, positioned behind a collimator (4), including: associating with each photon interaction with the detector, a piece of information relating to the depth in the detector, of this interaction, reconstructing an image of the source (S) of photons from said depth information in the detector.

Abstract: Nested ionization chambers provide independent measurements of a radiation beam that does not fully irradiate the volume of one or both chambers. By mathematically combining these independent measurements, partial volume effects caused by a change in ionization detector calibrations when the full detector volume is not irradiated by the radiation beam, may be decreased, providing more accurate measurement of extremely small radiation beams.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a platform having mounted thereon a coded-aperture imaging device and positioned to receive radiation over a baseline. The imaging system includes a computer configured to acquire a plurality of far-field datasets over the baseline, the plurality of far-field datasets comprising data received via the coded-aperture imaging device. The computer is also configured to form a preliminary image based on the acquired plurality of far-field datasets, and apply an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to the preliminary image; wherein the EM algorithm includes an ordered subset algorithm.

Abstract: A cryogenic detector is used for detection in a biological assay.

Abstract: A method of detecting a pileup in an energy-dispersive radiation spectrometry system, wherein a filter of the system generates a first pulse in response to a preamplifier signal, and wherein the system has one or more fast channels having an energy of full efficiency wherein substantially all photons received having at least the full efficiency energy are detected. The method includes measuring an above threshold time duration of the filter, determining that the fast channels have not made any detections while the first pulse is above the minimum detectable threshold energy of the filter, in response thereto, declaring a pileup if the above threshold time duration exceeds a longest expected pulse duration that is a duration of a second pulse that would be output by the filter in response to a single photon having an energy equal to the energy of full efficiency being received by the system.

Abstract: A method for detecting nitrogenous materials within an object by means of Gamma-Resonance Absorption (GRA), including placing on one side of an object a target containing 13C for bombardment with a proton beam of approximately 1.75 MeV energy, to produce a source of 9.172 MeV gamma-rays for scanning the object, reading from the gamma-ray detector the total and the non-resonant attenuations of the incident photon flux, and deriving from the attenuations the net resonant attenuation and the spatial distribution thereof; wherein scanning the object includes: I. performing a rapid pre-scan to classify the overall gamma-ray-attenuation regime and locate regions of high physical density, in which longer scanning times might be required; II. performing a full scan to identify and locate regions that contain nitrogenous materials; and III. performing a plurality of scans in same or different segments to establish presence of explosives.

Abstract: A variable waveform detector may include multiple stages.

Abstract: A waveform detector may include multiple stages.

Abstract: A variable waveform detector may include multiple stages.

Abstract: A method for determining attenuation values of an object is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the method includes stationary positioning of the object, irradiation of the object via a radiation source, measurement of the object's transmission data via a detection system, determination of at least one geometric property of the object on the basis of the transmission data, and assignment of attenuation values to the object on the basis of the geometric property.

Abstract: A detector assembly for detecting radiation with angular resolution comprises at least one detector element, which comprises a front face and a rear face, a first detector material and a second detector material between the front face and the rear face, a space between the front face and the rear face of the detector element being filled by a plurality of regions of the first detector material and at least one region of the second detector material and each region connecting the front face to the rear face of the detector element; and radiation incident on the detector element through the front face being collimated by means of the detector materials.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations a docking detector receptacle includes apparatus to cool a portable digital X-ray detector. In addition, systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations communication authorization is established between a portable digital X-ray detector and a docking detector receptacle, and communication is performed between the portable digital X-ray detector and the docking detector receptacle using the authorization. In addition, systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations a portable digital X-ray detector includes a panel, isolation at least three isolation foam layers, a motherboard and a carbon fiber layer.

Abstract: Provided are methods of using electromagnetic waves for detecting metal and/or dielectric objects. Methods include directing microwave and/or mm wave radiation in a predetermined direction using a transmission apparatus, including a transmission element; receiving radiation from an entity resulting from the transmitted radiation using a detection apparatus; and generating one or more detection signals in the frequency domain using the detection apparatus. Methods may include operating a controller, wherein operating the controller includes causing the transmitted radiation to be swept over a predetermined range of frequencies, performing a transform operation on the detection signal(s) to generate one or more transformed signals in the time domain, and determining, from one or more features of the transformed signal, one or more dimensions of a metallic or dielectric object upon which the transmitted radiation is incident.

Abstract: A detector for the measurement of radiation, preferably ionizing radiation, includes a medium, means for the conversion of the radiation energy absorbed by the medium into electrical charge, means for digital sampling of the charge signals, means for the determination of a calibration factor K, and means for the stabilization of the output signals of the detector. The medium at least partly absorbs the radiation to be measured. The electric charge is at least partially proportional to the energy of the radiation. The sampling is done preferably with a sampling rate between 1 and 1000 MHz. Further signal processing is digital. The calibration factor K has a fixed relation with respect to the decay time ? of the medium. The output signals of the detector are mainly proportional to the radiation energy, and are stabilized with the help of the calibration factor K.

Abstract: Our invention disclosures a biodosimeter and method of measurements a dose of radiation and/or biological-chemical substances absorbed by human or animal body, microbes, plants. The invention describes a multiparametric analysis system to evaluate biochemical and physical patterns related to a range of doses of radiation and/or biological-chemical substances following exposure of human body by radiation and/or biological-chemical substances. In our invention we also propose to use a method of plasmon enhancement by which intrinsic biomolecular targets within human body may increase their fluorescence QY close to unity, especially for the variety of biochemicals. The disclosed robust biodosimeter provides fast-response field applications to normal populations exposed to radiation and/or biological-chemical substances release, and to first-responders evaluating those normal populations.

Abstract: Dynamic background radiation is mitigated during crane hoisted transport at a quayside crane of a container along a transport path. A background distribution for the background radiation along the transport path is developed. Concurrently with the crane hoisted transport of the container along the transport path radiation data from each of a plurality of detectors disposed in a spatially fixed relationship to the container is obtained. The radiation data in conjunction with positionally commensurate background distribution, can then be analyzed. From such analysis, a positive determination or a negative determination of the radioactive material being present in the container can then made.

Abstract: Methods, particularly computer-implemented methods, are provided for analyzing, labeling, reporting, and certifying the radiocarbon abundance levels of low radiocarbon food products, including relevant chemical components of final products as well as components of lots used in manufacturing, so that manufacturers, consumers or other users of these products can have high confidence in their stated radiocarbon content and a better understanding of their potential effectiveness in reducing genetic damage. Other embodiments employ an algorithm to calculate an overall value or grade or range indicative of the product's known or estimated ability to either reduce the radiocarbon level of, or to reduce genetic damage occurring in, newly formed chromosomal material in consumers of such products, the chromosomal material comprising DNA and histone proteins and remote access by consumers to the computer-implemented methods, for example, via the Internet.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a wireless radiographic detector assembly. The assembly includes a detector plate having a first housing enclosing a radiation detector and a controller coupled to the radiation detector and a peripheral pack connected to the detector plate by a cable. The peripheral pack includes a second housing enclosing a wireless transmitter coupled to the controller and a power source for providing operating energy to the wireless transmitter and the detector plate.

Abstract: A scintillating composition for detecting neutrons and other radiation comprises a phenyl containing silicone rubber with carborane units and at least one phosphor molecule. The carborane units can either be a carborane molecule dispersed in the rubber with the aid of a compatiblization agent or can be covalently bound to the silicone.

Abstract: A remote sensing device for detecting materials of varying atomic numbers and systems and methods relating thereto. A system for identifying a material includes a photon beam flux monitor for resolving a high-energy beam. A method for identifying a material includes casting an incident photon beam on the material and detecting an emerging photon beam with an array of fission-fragment detectors, a first set of scintillator paddles, and a second set of scintillator paddles.

Abstract: A nanostructure is used to generate a highly localized nanoscale optical field. The field is excited using surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SPASER). The SPASER radiation consists of surface plasmons that undergo stimulated emission, but in contrast to photons can be localized within a nanoscale region. A SPASER can incorporate an active medium formed by two-level emitters, excited by an energy source, such as an optical, electrical, or chemical energy source. The active medium may be quantum dots, which transfer excitation energy by radiationless transitions to a resonant nanosystem that can play the same role as a laser cavity in a conventional laser. The transitions are stimulated by the surface plasmons in the nanostructure, causing the buildup of a macroscopic number of surface plasmons in a single mode.

Abstract: Radiation analysis devices include circuitry configured to determine respective radiation count data for a plurality of sections of an area of interest and combine the radiation count data of individual ones the sections to determine whether a selected radioactive material is present in the area of interest. An amount of the radiation count data for an individual section is insufficient to determine whether the selected radioactive material is present in the individual section. An article of manufacture includes media comprising programming configured to cause processing circuitry to perform processing comprising determining one or more correction factors based on a calibration of a radiation analysis device, measuring radiation received by the radiation analysis device using the one or more correction factors, and presenting information relating to an amount of radiation measured by the radiation analysis device having one of a plurality of specified radiation energy levels of a range of interest.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for detecting electromagnetic (EM) energy. An exemplary apparatus includes a dielectric layer for receiving incident EM energy, a metal film and a circuit. The metal film has a first surface adjacent to the dielectric layer and has a thickness selected to stimulate surface plasma polaritons on a second surface of the metal film for electromagnetic energy having a given electromagnetic wavelength incident on the dielectric layer. The circuit determines an incident angle of the incident electromagnetic energy on the dielectric based on the EM energy from the stimulated surface plasmon polaritons. The azimuth and elevation of the incident EM energy can also be determined.

Abstract: An integrated neutron-gamma radiation detector includes a gamma sensing element, a neutron sensing element comprising a neutron scintillating material at least partially surrounded by an optical waveguide material, and a photosensing element optically coupled to both the gamma sensing element and the neutron sensing element. A portion of the gamma sensing element is capable of being disposed within a central aperture of the neutron sensing element. In one aspect, the neutron sensing element comprises a plurality of cylindrical, concentric shells forming the central aperture for receiving the gamma sensing element. In another aspect, the neutron sensing element comprises a plurality of strands forming a multi-layered structure and forming the central aperture for receiving the gamma sensing element.