Abstract: Water purification apparatus, comprising an elongate UV source and a conduit for water to be purified formed of a UV transmissive material, wherein the conduit has an inlet and an outlet and positioned so that part of it is wrapped around at least part of the UV source thereby to sterilize water within the conduit, further comprising reflective means for UV radiation to be reflected onto one or more parts of the conduit which extends beyond the part which is wrapped around the UV source.

Abstract: A sleeve holder assembly for a radiation source is disclosed. The sleeve holder assembly comprises: an elongate radiation transparent sleeve element; a sleeve holder receptacle portion coupled to the elongate radiation transparent sleeve element; a sleeve bolt assembly portion coupled to the sleeve holder receptacle portion; a first sealing element disposed between the sleeve holder receptacle portion and the sleeve bolt assembly portion; and a locking element configured to prevent decoupling of the sleeve bolt assembly portion and the sleeve holder receptacle portion. The first sealing element is configured to provide a substantially fluid impermeable seal between the elongate radiation transparent sleeve element and the sleeve holder receptacle portion.

Abstract: A fluid treatment system having an inlet, an outlet, and a fluid treatment zone therebetween. The zone has an array of rows of radiation source assemblies. Each radiation source assembly has a longitudinal axis disposed at an oblique angle with respect to a direction of fluid flow. Each row has a plurality of radiation source assemblies in spaced relation in a direction transverse to the direction of fluid flow, to define a gap through which fluid may flow between an adjacent pair of assemblies. Preferably, all rows in the array are staggered with respect to one another in a direction orthogonal to the direction of fluid flow, such that the gap between an adjacent pair of radiation source assemblies in an upstream row of assemblies is partially or completely obstructed in the direction of fluid flow by a serially disposed radiation source assembly in at least one downstream row.

Abstract: There is provided a treatment device for disinfecting a fluid being configured as a conduit for conveying a flow of fluid to be treated, said device being toroidal-shaped with an inner concave parabolic surface, wherein the device is provided with apertures extending from the outer to the inner surface of the toroidal-shaped device; one or more UV LED(s) provided in the apertures thereby enabling emitted light to be transmitted through the apertures into the interior part of the device for disinfecting said fluid; a power source for powering the UV LEDs, wherein the inner surface is made from a light reflecting material, and the apertures are sealed in the ends extending into the interior part of the device by a UV-transparent material.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for treating fluid provided to a patient support. An apparatus comprises a housing defining an interior space, an inlet in flow communication with a source of untreated fluid and the interior space, an outlet in flow communication with the patient support and the interior space, and a light source directed into the interior space such that light emitted by the light source bombards fluid flowing through the interior space with light within a wavelength range that destroys organisms within the fluid to thereby provide treated fluid to the patient support.

Abstract: An aircraft has a ventilation system that employs a plurality of nozzles positioned in a cavity between a sidewall of the aircraft cabin and a section of the aircraft fuselage. The nozzles receive a supply of ventilation air and direct jets of air from the nozzles, through the cavity and into the aircraft cabin. The jets of air produced by the nozzles create low-pressure areas in the cavity. At least one return air opening in the cabin sidewall communicates the low-pressure areas with the cabin interior, whereby the low pressure areas draw air from the cabin interior into the cavity where the drawn air is entrained with the jets of air produced by the nozzles. Devices inside the cavity remove suspended impurities from the air drawn into the cavity. In this manner, the ventilation system filters or sanitizes the air drawn through the system.

Abstract: Germicidal lamp apparatuses are provided with lamps disposed between upper and lower bases of a support structure. In some embodiments, a longitudinal axis of a lamp is at an acute angle greater than 0° relative to a region of the lower base between the lamp and another lamp. In addition, the longitudinal axis of the other lamp is at either a right angle or an obtuse angle relative to said region. Other embodiments of apparatuses include a reflector system disposed between the upper and lower bases which is common to the lamps and which includes a reflector with slanted peripheral edge. Other germicidal lamp apparatuses are provided which include a reflector with multiple sections each contoured to manipulate directionality of light emitted from a subset of lamps. In such cases, the apparatuses are configured to move the reflector and/or collectively move the lamps during illumination of the lamps.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a split drive assembly for an ultraviolet (UV) disinfection module comprising one or more UV lamps extending between one or more headers and a cleaning plate having openings therein arranged to substantially coincide with the UV lamps to permit movement of the cleaning plate along the UV lamps, the split drive assembly operatively connected to a moving device, the split drive assembly including a split drive nut having an internal bore for attachment to the moving device, the drive nut comprising at least two portions attached together around the moving device. Other aspects of the invention may include a sleeve guide including an attachment plate to attach the sleeve guide to a surface of the cleaning plate; a sleeve extended from the attachment plate; and an alignment device in contact with a UV lamp, the alignment device attached to the sleeve.

Abstract: A solution for treating a fluid, such as water, is provided. The solution determines an ultraviolet transparency of a fluid before or as the fluid enters a disinfection chamber. In the disinfection chamber, the fluid can be irradiated by ultraviolet radiation to harm microorganisms that may be present in the fluid. One or more attributes of the disinfection chamber, fluid flow, and/or ultraviolet radiation can be adjusted based on the transparency to provide more efficient irradiation and/or higher disinfection rates.

Abstract: A clean water dispensing device is disclosed. The device includes a pure water tank (10), a sterilization tube (20), a sterilization lamp (30) and a transit tube (32). The pure water tank is fitted into a cold water tank (5) in such a way that a closed space is defined between the cold water tank and the pure water tank. Drinking water is drawn into an inlet port of the sterilization tube and passes through the transit tube before being stored in the cold water tank through an outlet port of the sterilization tube. The closed space is prevented from making contact with outside air, and only drinking water that has been sterilized by the sterilization tube is supplied into the closed space. Therefore, even if cold water is stored in the closed space for a long period of time, there is little possibility of the propagation of bacteria.

Abstract: There is described a fluid treatment system in which fluid to be treated is impinged under pressure on a radiation emitting surface. The fluid treatment system includes at least one radiation source having a radiation emitting surface and at least one nozzle element having a fluid discharge opening spaced from the radiation emitting surface. The fluid discharge opening is configured to impinge fluid to be treated on to at least a portion of the radiation emitting surface. The fluid treatment system is well suited to treating low transmittance fluid.

Abstract: A fluid dispenser device including an outlet duct through which fluid can pass, a dispenser that can be actuated so as to cause fluid to be dispensed through said outlet duct, and an irradiation device that is adapted to irradiate the fluid while said fluid is passing through said outlet duct.

Abstract: A method for reducing fecal coliforms in waste water wherein the flow of water is directed through a reactor having removable cover, inlet and outlet, two UV lamps, six irradiating chambers, each interconnected by apertures, a UV lamp control box, and a heat a conducting pipe to transfer heat from the control box into the flowing water.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus is presented wherein an output of infra-red solid state laser or multiple of such lasers is quadrupled in frequency to obtain a laser output that emits energy in ultra violet C spectrum, and wherein this energy is then provided within an air duct as is normal in HVAC systems so as it kill pathogens that are airborne and being carried through the conduit. Further such a method reduces production of ozone, detrimental to human health and produced in other means of generating UVC and provides ease of control of such energy so as to maintain the required energy at a steady level for prolonged period of time.

Abstract: According to the embodiments, an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus includes: a cylindrical water passage body through which treatment target water passes, and which has paired openings in its respective two end portions; at least one ultraviolet irradiation member provided inside the water passage body on a plane orthogonal to a direction from one to the other of the openings, and configured to emit ultraviolet rays to the treatment target water passing through the water passage body; and paired flange joints projecting from peripheral edges of the paired openings of the water passage body outward of the openings, respectively.

Abstract: An inline intravenous (IV) fluid sterilization system can be located within directly upstream of the patient's access point, downstream of any breach points, so as to ensure fluid sterility. The chamber space between the walls is accessed by a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port between which the fluid flows. The inlet port is connected to a conduit/tubing from the fluid source and the outlet port is interconnected with a conduit/tubing that is free of breach points and interconnects to the patient access point. The inner wall allows for transmission of UV light into the fluid space. The walls define a space therebetween that is relatively small radially, allowing for a sufficient flow rate, but providing a large surface area and small fluid depth for exposure to the UV light. The UV light is provided by an elongated lamp within a cavity of the inner wall.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for point of use location treatment of potable water supplies on demand on board passenger vehicles, such as aircraft. The systems described generally provide increased safety features, alternate ultraviolet light sources, and reduced power consumption.

Abstract: A fluid treatment apparatus particularly for sterilizing drinks comprises an elongate tubular duct (110) and an elongate UV light source (111) extending longitudinally of the duct (110). The fluid flows longitudinally of the duct (110) in a thin annular low passage (114) which extends around the UV light source (111). A mixing device (112) disposed between adjacent longitudinal portions of the duct (110) for diverts all of the fluid flowing along a first portion of the passage (114) through fluid mixing means (113,116) in the device (112) and returns the mixed fluid to a second portion of the passage (114). Micro-organisms in the thin flow of fluid are killed as they come within close proximity of the light source (111). The mixing device (112) causes all of the flow to be thoroughly mixed and returned to the flow passage (114). The provision of a plurality of mixing devices along the length of the duct (110) increases the likelihood that all microorganisms receive a sufficient lethal dose of UV radiation.

Abstract: A sterilizing device for sterilizing of a fluid by UV-radiation comprising an inner tube receiving an UV-lamp. An outer tube arranged around the inner tube. A jacket tube arranged around the outer tube. A proximal end with a first inlet/outlet for the fluid and a second inlet/outlet for the fluid. A distal end of the sterilizing device arranged opposed to the proximal end comprising a third inlet/outlet for the fluid and a fourth inlet/outlet for the fluid. A first gap arranged between the inner tube and the outer tube, the first gap defining a first flow path for the fluid interconnecting the first inlet/outlet and the third inlet/outlet. A second gap arranged between the outer tube and the jacket tube, and the second gap defining a second flow path for the fluid interconnecting the second inlet/outlet and the fourth inlet/outlet.

Abstract: A baffle includes a body member having a first surface, a second opposed surface, and an outer peripheral edge. An aperture may be formed through the body member to define an inner peripheral edge. The inner peripheral edge is distorted to be non-planar. An apparatus includes a first conduit having a first end, a second end, and a first channel extending therebetween. At least one baffle is disposed in the first channel and includes a body member having a first surface, a second opposed surface, and an outer peripheral edge. At least one aperture may be formed through the body member to define an inner peripheral edge. The inner peripheral edge is distorted to be non-planar. A second conduit may be disposed inside the first conduit and extend through the aperture in the baffle. The apparatus may be an ultraviolet light reactor, a heat exchanger, or a static mixer.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments of the invention include an illumination-based liquid disinfection device. The disinfection device may include, for example, a light transparent conduit to carry a flowing liquid to be disinfected, the conduit having an inlet to receive the liquid and an outlet to discharge the liquid, a substantially light transparent sleeve having external dimensions smaller than the internal dimensions of the conduit, the sleeve positioned within the conduit substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the conduit and a light source positioned within the sleeve.

Abstract: A UV liquid treatment system comprises least one UV treatment unit including a unit container having a container interior; a liquid distribution head carried by the unit container; at least one liquid inlet passage in the liquid distribution head and disposed in fluid communication with the unit container interior of the unit container; at least one liquid outlet passage in the liquid distribution head and disposed in fluid communication with the unit container interior of the unit container; a transparent light bulb shield carried by the liquid distribution head and having a shield interior; an assembly cavity in the liquid distribution head and communicating with the shield interior of the light bulb shield; a UV light assembly having a UV light bulb removably seated in the assembly cavity, the UV light bulb disposed in the shield interior of the light bulb shield; and a power source electrically connected to the UV light bulb of the UV light assembly.

Abstract: A baffle includes a body member having a first surface, a second opposed surface, and an outer peripheral edge. An aperture may be formed through the body member so as to define an inner peripheral edge. The inner peripheral edge is distorted so as to be non-planar. An apparatus includes a first conduit having a first end, a second end, and a first channel extending therebetween. At least one baffle is disposed in the first channel and includes a body member having a first surface, a second opposed surface, and an outer peripheral edge. At least one aperture may be formed through the body member to define an inner peripheral edge. The inner peripheral edge is distorted so as to be non-planar. A second conduit may be disposed inside the first conduit and extend through the aperture in the baffle. The apparatus may, for example, be configured as an ultraviolet light reactor, a heat exchanger, or a static mixer.

Abstract: A device is proposed for the UV disinfection of liquids in an open or closed channel, having an inflow for the liquid to be disinfected, at least one UV irradiator arranged downstream of the inflow in a main flow direction and also having an outflow arranged downstream of the UV irradiator, in which a mixing device, driven by an electric motor, is arranged between the inflow and the at least one UV irradiator, which mixing device is set up for generating a cross-flow having at least one velocity component transverse to the main flow direction in order to improve mixing of the liquid.

Abstract: A system and method to provide uniform, high intensity radially inwardly directed electron beams to the interior of a cylindrical volume for the purpose of destroying toxic, hazardous, or noxious organic and/or inorganic compounds contained in air or other media flowing through a cylindrical region; or to destroy or inactivate bacteria, viruses, fungi, or mold spores in such flowing media; to sterilize contents of flowing media; to treat fluidized grains, herbs, or other products; or to destroy chemical warfare agents. A window assembly to transmit electromagnetic radiation, for example, an electron beam, x-rays, or other high energy electromagnetic radiation, is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is described a fluid treatment system. The fluid treatment system comprises: an open channel for receiving a flow of fluid and a fluid treatment zone. The fluid treatment zone comprising a plurality of elongate radiation source assemblies orientated such that: (i) a longitudinal axis of each radiation source assembly is transverse to a direction of fluid flow through the fluid treatment zone, and (ii) an end of each radiation source assembly is disposed above a predetermined maximum height of fluid flow in the open channel. A first baffle plate is disposed upstream of the fluid treatment zone. The first baffle plate is positioned such that a distal end thereof is below the predetermined maximum height of fluid flow in the open channel. In a preferred embodiment, the present fluid treatment system provides for an area in which a cleaning system for the radiation source assemblies can be “parked” when not in use.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved sterilizing device (1) for sterilizing of a fluid by UV-radiation. The sterilizing device (1) has a modular setup with at least one flange (2, 3), an inner and an outer tube (4, 5) and comprises at least one UV-lamp (16) for emitting UV-radiation. A lamp tag (32) attached to or incorporated in the at least one UV-lamp (16) comprises information regarding the UV-lamp (16). The lamp tag (32) is interconnected with a lamp sensor unit (18) and/or a control unit (19) and may comprise sensors to control the sterilizing process.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to devices and methods of treating aqueous solutions to help remove or otherwise reduce levels, concentrations or amounts of one or more contaminants. The present disclosure relates to a apparatus including a substantially self-contained housing or container which is adapted to receive components including at least one counterelectrode (e.g. cathode) and at least one photoelectrode (e.g. anode) provided or arranged around at least one UV light source, and/or receive, contain and/or circulate fluid or aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to devices and methods of treating aqueous solutions to help remove or otherwise reduce levels, concentrations or amounts of one or more contaminants. The present disclosure relates to a apparatus including a substantially self-contained housing or container which is adapted to receive components including at least one counterelectrode (e.g. cathode) and at least one photoelectrode (e.g. anode) provided or arranged around at least one UV light source, and/or receive, contain and/or circulate fluid or aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to devices and methods of treating aqueous solutions to help remove or otherwise reduce levels, concentrations or amounts of one or more contaminants. The present disclosure relates to a apparatus including a substantially self-contained housing or container which is adapted to receive components including at least one counterelectrode (e.g. cathode) and at least one photoelectrode (e.g. anode) provided or arranged around at least one UV light source, and/or receive, contain and/or circulate fluid or aqueous solution.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus is presented wherein an output of infra-red solid state laser or multiple of such lasers is quadrupled in frequency to obtain a laser output that emits energy in ultra violet C spectrum, and wherein this energy is then provided within an air duct as is normal in HVAC systems so as it kill pathogens that are airborne and being carried through the conduit. Further such a method reduces production of ozone, detrimental to human health and produced in other means of generating UVC and provides ease of control of such energy so as to maintain the required energy at a steady level for prolonged period of time.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a liquid includes: (a) a pump volute or hydrocyclone head having an inlet and a throat having an outlet and a central axis, (b) a tank connected to the outlet of the throat, wherein the tank has a maximum inner diameter that is larger than an inner diameter of the outlet of the throat, and (c) a wave energy source having a first electrode within the pump volute or hydrocyclone head that extends through the outlet of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode within the tank that is spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode along the central axis. The liquid is supplied to the inlet of the pump volute or hydrocyclone head, and is irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the wave energy source.

Abstract: An ultraviolet ray sterilizer for a water pipe and a waterway featuring a plurality of circular flow ways that are formed, and an ultraviolet lamp is provided at the center of the flow ways, thus removing a sterilization dead zone where sterilization is not performed.

Abstract: An ultraviolet irradiation device includes a treatment vessel, an ultraviolet irradiation member, and a support member. The treatment vessel has a water inlet and a water outlet and through which water to be treated as a treatment target flows in a first direction from the water inlet toward the water outlet, the treatment vessel receiving the water to be treated through the water inlet and discharging the water to be treated through the water outlet. The ultraviolet irradiation member is provided inside the treatment vessel along a second direction crossing the first direction and which irradiates the water to be treated flowing through the treatment vessel with an ultraviolet ray. The support member is provided inside the treatment vessel along the second direction with both end portions of the support member being firmly fixed to wall surfaces of the treatment vessel.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for treating liquids flowing in a thin film around a source of wave energy to directly expose the liquid to the wave energy, preferably generated in whole or part by an electrical arc between carbon electrodes. In addition to the wave energy generated by the electrical arc, energy generated by cavitation of the flowing liquid may be used in treating the liquid.

Abstract: A sleeve holder assembly for a radiation source is disclosed. The sleeve holder assembly comprises: an elongate radiation transparent sleeve element; a sleeve holder receptacle portion coupled to the elongate radiation transparent sleeve element; a sleeve bolt assembly portion coupled to the sleeve holder receptacle portion; a first sealing element disposed between the sleeve holder receptacle portion and the sleeve bolt assembly portion; and a locking element configured to prevent decoupling of the sleeve bolt assembly portion and the sleeve holder receptacle portion. The first sealing element is configured to provide a substantially fluid impermeable seal between the elongate radiation transparent sleeve element and the sleeve holder receptacle portion.

Abstract: A UV fluid sterilizer which makes it possible to effectively sterilize a fluid which has a low UV transmissivity and an advanced oxidation device with high oxidation efficiency using a turbulent flow. To this end, the UV sterilizer or advanced oxidation device has a spring coil or wrinkled pipe in a spiral shape to bring forth a turbulent or spiral flow in the fluid.

Abstract: Provided is an ion generating device for an air-conditioner duct, which can be easily attached to the inside of an existing air conditioner duct and can ensure a desired ion generation quantity. The ion generating elements of the sub-units (3, 4, 5) of the ion generating device are connected to the drive circuit of the ion generating device main unit (2), and are driven by the drive circuit.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a light disinfection device, and the disinfection device at least comprises a disinfection light tube, a controlling body, a circular reflector and a stowage platform. The disinfection light tube is a light source with a circular shape. The controlling body electrically connects with and controls the disinfection light tube. The circular reflector is disposed along the outer side of the disinfection light tube to cover part of light emitted from the disinfection light tube. The stowage platform connects with the controlling body via a rotatable shaft and comprises a transparent plate disposed at the end of the rotatable shaft. Furthermore, the stowage platform extends to the inner side of the disinfection light tube and rotates by the control of the controlling body to let the disinfection light tube irradiate an object on the stowage platform.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for treating liquids flowing in a thin film around a source of wave energy to directly expose the liquid to the wave energy, preferably generated in whole or part by an electrical arc between carbon electrodes. In addition to the wave energy generated by the electrical arc, energy generated by cavitation of the flowing liquid may be used in treating the liquid.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for treating liquids flowing in a thin film around a source of wave energy to directly expose the liquid to the wave energy, preferably generated in whole or part by an electrical arc between carbon electrodes. In addition to the wave energy generated by the electrical arc, energy generated by cavitation of the flowing liquid may be used in treating the liquid.

Abstract: A fluid treatment system having in one version an irradiation chamber with UV lamps with a swirl vane pack in the inlet for effecting clockwise and counterclockwise swirl in fluid entering the chamber. Other versions employ a central filter media element with an irradiation chamber with UV lamps disposed annularly thereabout. In other versions, mechanical wiper discs are provided for wiping debris from the filter media and the lamp tubes. In other versions, the UV lamps are in a central irradiation chamber with plural filter media tubes arrayed annularly there around. In other versions, mechanical wipers are provided for the UV tubes and a rotating drain arm is provided for backwashing individual filter tubes. In other versions, the central filter and annularly arrayed UV tubes are mounted in a pressure vessel lid.

Abstract: A channel for a UV irradiation device, in which the UV irradiation device is disposed in a closed channel and an inlet cone is provided in the direction of flow upstream of a UV reactor, which, as part of the wall of the channel, increases the cross section of the channel from an incoming pipeline cross section to a cross section of the reactor, in which a flow rectifier with at least one inner first guide element and at least one outer second guide element is disposed in the inlet cone, wherein the inner guide element is a substantially circular, cylindrical pipe and the outer guide element runs substantially parallel to the outer wall and is disposed at a distance from the outer wall.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to lamp ballast systems, generally including a lamp, at least one temperature sensor, a ballast and a processor. The at least one temperature sensor can be positioned proximate to the lamp or incorporated into the lamp. The ballast provides an electrical current to the lamp. The processor receives a sensed temperature from the at least one temperature sensor and, in response to the sensed temperature, directs a control signal to the ballast to regulate the electrical current provided to the lamp to maintain the lamp at an optimal operating temperature. Exemplary embodiments are also directed to methods of maintaining a lamp at an optimal operating temperature, generally including providing a lamp ballast system, receiving a sensed temperature, and directing a control signal to the ballast to regulate the electrical current provided to the lamp to maintain the lamp at the optimal operating temperature.

Abstract: A fluid treatment system having an inlet, an outlet, and a fluid treatment zone therebetween. The zone has an array of rows of radiation source assemblies. Each radiation source assembly has a longitudinal axis disposed at an oblique angle with respect to a direction of fluid flow. Each row has a plurality of radiation source assemblies in spaced relation in a direction transverse to the direction of fluid flow, to define a gap through which fluid may flow between an adjacent pair of assemblies. Preferably, all rows in the array are staggered with respect to one another in a direction orthogonal to the direction of fluid flow, such that the gap between an adjacent pair of radiation source assemblies in an upstream row of assemblies is partially or completely obstructed in the direction of fluid flow by a serially disposed radiation source assembly in at least one downstream row.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for producing photocatalytic reaction water through a photocatalytic reaction, which can produce water containing a satisfactory amount of active oxygen species, can eliminate microorganisms, parasites or protozoa, shows high oxidizing ability for a prolonged period of time, can reduce the power requirements, is small in size, and is applicable to various devices. A photocatalyst is radiated with light emitted from a light source to produce active oxygen species, and the active oxygen species is diffused in water, whereby the water is provided with functions of the active oxygen species. An oxidation reaction with the water is utilized to perform at least one selected from the elimination of microorganisms, the elimination of parasites, and the elimination of protozoa.

Abstract: A portable UV-C purification system is provided that includes a current reduction technique for an electric pump to reduce power demands on an associated generator to thereby produce a light weight and efficient system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a UV fluid sterilizer, which is suitably formed to sterilize fluid having poor UV transmission. According to the present invention, the UV fluid sterilizer includes a plurality of UV sterilization units.

Abstract: A fluid treatment system having: an inlet; an outlet; and a fluid treatment zone disposed therebetween. The fluid treatment zone has: (i) an elongate first radiation source assembly having a first longitudinal axis, and (ii) an elongate second radiation source assembly having a second longitudinal axis. The first and second longitudinal axes are non-parallel to each other and to a direction of fluid flow through the treatment zone. The present fluid treatment system can treat large volumes of fluid (e.g., wastewater, drinking water or the like); it requires a relatively small “footprint”; it results in a relatively lower coefficient of drag resulting in an improved hydraulic pressure loss/gradient over the length of the treatment system; and it results in relatively lower (or no) forced oscillation of the radiation sources thereby mitigating breakage of the radiation source and/or protective sleeve (if present).

Abstract: A ultraviolet irradiation apparatus includes: an ultraviolet-irradiation water tank; a protection pipe provided in the ultraviolet-irradiation water tank; an ultraviolet lamp provided in the protection pipe to be lit up with high-frequency discharge at a frequency of 10 kHz to 10 MHz, inclusive; protection covers respectively provided on the two ends of the ultraviolet-irradiation water tank; an electronic ballast provided in one of the protection covers; and a feeder wire electrically connecting the ultraviolet lamp to the electronic ballast. Each of the ultraviolet-irradiation water tank and the protection covers is made of a conductive material with a specific conductivity and a relative magnetic permittivity whose product is equal to or larger than 1, and has a thickness at least three times as large as a skin depth at a frequency of a high-frequency current that flows through the ultraviolet lamp.