Abstract: This application relates to a time-temperature indicator based on increased thermal reactivity of a diacetylene upon melt recrystallization and a method of making it. A diacetylene is crystallized into a low thermal reactivity phase from a solvent system and converted into a higher thermal reactivity phase and low sensitivity to UV light by melt re-crystallization.

Abstract: A printed radiation sensor that includes a substrate, an interdigitated electrode, and a conductive polymeric film. The interdigitated electrode including a first electrode with a plurality of first electrode digits and a second electrode with a plurality of second electrode digits. The interdigitated electrode disposed on the substrate. The conductive polymeric film including a blend of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The PEDOT:PSS is configured to provide an electrically conductive medium. The PVA is configured to provide ductility and stability of the printed radiation sensor. Upon radiation exposure, the PVA is further configured to crosslink within a material matrix of the printed radiation sensor militating against the recombination of chain scission by forming a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) with the PEDOT:PSS to provide an enhanced and stable impedance reading.

Abstract: An integrated radiation sensor is disclosed. The integrated radiation sensor comprises a first optical filter associated with a first radiation-sensing element and a second optical filter associated with a second radiation-sensing element. The first optical filter is configured to pass radiation to the first radiation-sensing element with wavelengths within a UV-C range. The second optical filter is configured to pass radiation to the second radiation-sensing element with wavelengths longer than wavelengths within the UV-C range. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the integrated radiation sensor and methods of use of the integrated radiation sensor.

Abstract: A Passive Smart Color Night Vision (CNV) System that includes a fully integrated scope system with dynamically controlled color night vision (CNV) algorithm to work in all light conditions. It provides the ability to replace zoom lens capability as necessary on the fly and includes interchangeable lenses. Scope parameters can be controlled from any mobile device, RF, Bluetooth, Smart goggles, Satellite, and voice. The object recognition data can be loaded to the Scope System via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or any form of radio communications. Recognition Algorithm using database loaded. The color night vision picture seen by the Scope System can be seen using smart glasses, mobile devices, and by remote locations. Completely passive solution—IR/Visible composite image capture. An AI Reticle Adjustment algorithm is used to calculate the line up between Reticle canter and target. Smart recording capability and alerts; and recoil dampening carrier to reduce impact on electronics and overall weapon system.

Abstract: Provided herein is a dosimetry device for quantifying the dosage of radiation emitted from a radiation source, the device comprising: (i) a radiation dose indicator; (ii) an optical means to capture the color change; and (iii) a software means to compare the optical density of the dose indicator as compared to a predetermined calibration curve. Also provided herein is a method of quantifying the dosage of radiation emitted from the radiation source. Further provided herein is use of said dosimetry device in various medical, food and industrial applications.

Abstract: X-ray devices and systems are described in this application. In particular, this application describes x-ray devices and systems that are used for three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction with uncertain geometry. The x-ray imaging system contains an arm configured to be moved around an object to be imaged, a light weight, low power x-ray source attached to the arm, an x-ray detector configured to move complimentary to the x-ray source to capture multiple two-dimensional (2D) images in a solid angle path outside of a planar arc, 3D position and orientation tracking devices configured to capture the geometric position and orientation of the x-ray source and detector when each 2D projection image is captured, and a processor configured to construct a three dimensional (3D) image from the multiple 2D images using a reconstruction algorithm.

Abstract: An imaging device includes: a first scintillator layer; an array of detector elements, wherein the array of detector elements comprises a first detector element; a second scintillator layer configured to receive radiation after the radiation has passed through the first scintillator layer and the array of detector elements, wherein the array of detector elements is located between the first scintillator layer and the second scintillator layer; a first electrode located closer to the first scintillator than the second scintillator; and a second electrode situated between the second scintillator and the first detector element; the first detector element configured to generate a first electrical signal in response to light from the first scintillator layer, and to generate a second electrical signal in response to light from the second scintillator layer; the second electrode configured to allow the light from the second scintillator layer to reach the first detector element.

Abstract: Apparatus for ensuring adequate sunscreen protection includes a light-activated sunscreen product, and an illuminator including a battery, a switch and a light source that causes the light-activated sunscreen product to glow when illuminated with the light source. The light-activated sunscreen product may include a zinc-oxide-based lotion and a fluorescent substance such as fluorescein dye causing the lotion to glow in any available color when applied to the skin and illuminated by the light source. The closure may be a cap with a threaded attachment to the container, and the light source may comprise one or more ultraviolet light-emitting diodes. The illuminator may be disposed in a cap with top and side surfaces, and the switch may be positioned on the side of the cap, and the light source on the top of the cap, or vice versa. The switch is preferably a momentary contact switch.

Abstract: A luminous system comprising one or more illumination sources, a multilayer structure, and one or more diffuse reflection layers being optically decoupled from the multilayer structure, wherein the emission and the reflection of the luminous system produce a first observed visible color when the one or more illumination sources are powered and a second observed visible color when the one or more illumination sources are non-powered is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of creating the inventive luminous system.

Abstract: A method monitors a line for changed ambient conditions. The line has a measuring line with a predetermined length and a measuring conductor surrounded by insulation having a known dielectric constant. In the method, an analog signal having a predetermined frequency is generated, the signal is divided into a reference signal and an operating signal, the operating signal is fed into the measuring conductor, a return signal obtained from the operating signal is combined with the reference signal and by a phase shift between the reference signal and the return signal, a measure is determined for the changed condition, particularly for a temperature change.

Abstract: A device for detecting exposure to light includes: a photo-responsive layer including a photochromic material; a skin-mimicking cover layer covering a first side of the photo-responsive layer; and an adhesive layer configured to couple a second side of the photo-responsive layer opposite the first side to a surface.

Abstract: The dosimeter device includes a carrier part (10), which includes a closed casing (11) formed of fixedly interconnected walls which enclose a measuring element (8) for detecting ionizing radiation, and fastening aids (12, 20) for the detachable fastening of the carrier part on a carrying device (1) which can be carried on a body part of a user, wherein the fastening aids are configured for defining the location of the fastening of the carrier part on the carrying device.

Abstract: A dosimetry device includes a first chamber formed on a substrate with a first decomposable barrier sensitive to radiation and a first chemical component. A second chamber is formed on the substrate in proximity of the first chamber and includes a second decomposable barrier sensitive to radiation and a second chemical component. Upon a radiation event, decomposition of the first and second barriers of the first and second chambers permits a mixing of the first and second chemical components to cause a visible change of the dosimetry device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring and improving the treatment of biomass are described.

Abstract: Alpha/beta radiation barrier materials and structures formed to include the barrier materials are described. Barrier materials include a matrix and particulate materials contained in the matrix. The particulates include alpha/beta radiation absorbers. Alpha/beta radiation absorbers of the barrier materials can be molecular, particulates, or defined nanostructures that are capable of absorbing incident alpha/beta particle energies. Matrix materials can include organic or inorganic materials including thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, glasses, ceramics, etc.

Abstract: Co-topo-polymeric indicator compositions and methods for making and using the same are provided. Indicator compositions of the invention include a polymer and undergo a color change, which may be reversible or irreversible, in response to an applied stimulus, e.g., temperature. Aspects of methods of producing the compositions include setting a fluid co-topo-polymeric precursor composition into a solid product and then subjecting the solid product (either immediately or after a delay period) to polymerizing conditions to produce the desired indicator composition. Also provided are indicator devices that include the indicator compositions of the invention. The compositions of the invention find use in a variety of different applications.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electroactive actuator is provided. The method includes applying a layer of an electroactive polymer to an electrode surface, crystallizing the electroactive polymer by application of U.V. flash and applying a second electrode onto the crystallized electroactive polymer layer. According to the method a stack of multiple superimposed first electrode layers, electroactive polymer layers and second electrode layers may be obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are stable and versatile protein nanoparticles having a range of tunable fluorescent properties. Such nanoparticles may find utility in biological imaging. Methods of synthesis of such nanoparticles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Calcein-PVA film and Calcein solution dosimeters is made for high dose applications. Systematic evaluation of dosimetric properties for the films is being conducted and was found useful for routine dosimeter in industrial radiation processing. The color bleaching of CA-PVA film and CA solution increases gradually with increasing absorbed dose in the dose range of 5-30 kGy for film, and 0.25-1 kGy for solution. The dose sensitivity increases significantly with increase of concentration of CA dye. The response of the CA-PVA films was slightly affected by relative humidity and temperature. The stability of film dosimeters and solutions after irradiation was very high and were stable for up to 30 days.

Abstract: A substrate holder includes a base plate, a bond layer disposed over the base plate, and a ceramic layer disposed over the bond layer. The ceramic layer has a top surface including an area configured to support a substrate. A number of temperature measurement electrical devices are attached to the ceramic layer. Electrically conductive traces are embedded within the ceramic layer and positioned and routed to electrically connect with one or more of electrical contacts of the number of temperature measurement electrical devices. Electrical wires are disposed to electrically contact the electrically conductive traces. The electrical wires extend from the ceramic layer through the bond layer and through the base plate to a control circuit.

Abstract: A storage phosphor panel can include an extruded inorganic storage phosphor layer including a thermoplastic polyolefin and an inorganic storage phosphor material, where the extruded inorganic storage phosphor panel has a DQE comparable to that of a traditional extruded inorganic solvent coated inorganic storage phosphor screen. Also disclosed is an inorganic storage phosphor detection system including an extruded inorganic storage phosphor panel that can include an extruded inorganic storage phosphor layer including a thermoplastic olefin and an inorganic storage phosphor material; and photodetector(s) coupled to the extruded inorganic storage phosphor panel to detect photons generated from the extruded inorganic storage phosphor panel.

Abstract: A dose rate monitoring device contains a first radiation detector including an inorganic crystal scintillator, a second radiation detector including a plastic scintillator, a detector mount having a cylinder part, a low range calculator calculating a first compensation dose rate of an incident radioactive ray based on the detection signal pulse, a high range calculator calculating a second compensation dose rate of an incident radioactive ray based on the detection signal pulse, a dose rate calculator calculating a dose rate ratio from the first compensation dose rate and the second compensation dose rate, and choosing a compensation dose rate according to the magnitude of the calculated dose rate ratio; and a display displaying the compensation dose rate which is outputted from the dose rate calculator, wherein the plastic scintillator which is included in the second radiation detector is wound around the cylinder part of the detector mount.

Abstract: Interactive non-uniformity correction (NC) and interactive intensity standardization (IS) require sample tissue regions to be specified for several different types of tissues. Interactive NC estimates the degree of non-uniformity at each voxel in a given image, builds a global function for non-uniformity correction, and then corrects the image to improve quality. Interactive IS includes two steps: a calibration step and a transformation step. In the first step, tissue intensity signatures of each tissue from a few subjects are utilized to set up key landmarks in a standardized intensity space. In the second step, a piecewise linear intensity mapping function is built between the same tissue signatures derived from the given image and those in the standardized intensity space to transform the intensity of the given image into standardized intensity. Interactive IS for MR images combined with interactive NC can substantially improve numeric characterization of tissues.

Abstract: A radiation dosimetry gel is excellent in heat resistance, and a radiation dosimeter includes the radiation dosimetry gel as a material for measuring a radiation dose. A radiation dosimetry gel includes a water-soluble organic polymer (A) having an organic acid salt structure or an organic acid anion structure, a silicate (B), and a dispersant (C) for the silicate, and a radiation dosimeter includes the radiation dosimetry gel as a material for measuring a radiation dose.

Abstract: A method and system for assigning colors to an image or part thereof, the method comprising: selecting a sequence of colors for assignment to the image or part thereof; determining a minimum intensity IMIN within the image or part thereof; determining a maximum intensity IMAX within the image or part thereof; and determining relative intensity values RIV(i) for each pixel or voxel i according to; (I) where I(i) is an intensity of pixel or voxel /, and ƒ is a preselected function (such as to re-arrange the normalized values); and assigning colors to at least some pixels in the image or part thereof based on the relative intensity values and an order of each of the colors in the sequence.

Abstract: A high contrast dosimeter is constructed where a plastic support is at least partially coated with a layer having a colored radical trapping compound. The plastic is a polymer that can contain a radiation sensitive plasticizer. The plastic forms radicals upon irradiation with high-energy (low wavelength) radiation. Upon diffusion of the radicals to the layer of radical trapping compound, reaction forms a compound with a different color than the radical trapping compound. In an embodiment of the invention, the plastic support is celluloid and the radical trapping compound is an azulenyl nitrone (AZN).

Abstract: The invention relates to a container for sunscreen agent in which the sunscreen agent has a specific predetermined sun-protection factor, comprising a sealing device (2) by which the container (1) can be closed to make its opening (8) completely sealed, the container (1) being provided with at least one sun sensor (3) arranged to indicate the current UV intensity by changing its hue depending on the UV intensity of the radiation striking the sensor (3), said container further comprising a color-reference range (4) for comparative reading of the hue of the sensor to enable the determination of UV intensity, and time indicator (50) for determining the period of time during which a person of a specific skin type can expose his or her skin to solar radiation at said determined UV intensity without sunburn arising, provided said person has applied the sunscreen agent from the container to the skin, said sun sensor (3) being arranged as an integral part of the container (1) and being positioned such that it is comp

Abstract: In an embodiment, a device and method for identifying a change in a predetermined condition. The device is a patch injected with ink that transforms in response to a change in the predetermined condition, such as, a change in temperature or change in the ultraviolet (UV) index level. The ink includes thermochromic ink that transforms or identifiably changes based on a change in a temperature condition, and/or photochromic ink that transforms or identifiably changes based on a change in an UV index level condition. When temperature increases or decreases to reach one or more threshold temperature values, the thermochromic ink transforms in an identifiable manner to indicate a condition has be met. When the UV index level increase or decrease to reach one or more threshold UV index levels, the photochromic ink transforms in an identifiable manner to indicate that a condition has be met.

Abstract: A layered medical image forming method includes a layered medical image forming step of layering first to n-th value of interest look-up table (VOI LUT)-applied medical images (where n is a natural number), which are obtained by applying first to n-th VOI LUTs included in variation information of the original of a medical image to the original of the medical image so as to allow another system to display the same variation information.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flexible display substrate, comprising a flexible base; an ultraviolet reflecting layer disposed on the flexible base and capable of reflecting ultraviolet light and transmitting visible light, comprising a stacked structure consisting of alternate first transparent material layers and second transparent material layers, wherein the numbers of the two kinds of transparent material layers are equal, and are at least two respectively, and the two kinds of transparent material layers also satisfy: 4nd=?, wherein d is the thickness of any one of the transparent material layers, n is a refractive index of the transparent material layer and ? is the wavelength of ultraviolet light; and a display structure disposed above the ultraviolet reflecting layer. The present invention is applicable to flexible display substrates, particularly flexible array substrates comprising low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors.

Abstract: The presented invention describes the development of a measuring method based on the degradation of various chromophores/fluorophores that can be used as quantitative method to elucidate the UV dose within a liquid or as a qualitative visual color-changing chemical indicator of UV sterilization is described.

Abstract: Provided herein are laminated devices including an extruded scintillation screen comprising a scintillator material that does not attract dust, and a thermally-sensitive elastomer binder; and a fiber optic plate. Also provided herein are methods of making a laminated device and methods of making an X-ray imaging panel.

Abstract: Described is a self-indicating instant radiation dosimeter (1001) for monitoring high energy radiations, such as X-ray. The dosimeter contains a radiation sensitive, color changing, indicating composition (10), e.g., a diacetylene (R—C?C—C?C—R?, where R and R? are substituents groups) or a radiochromic dye, a polymeric binder (20) and optionally a shelf life extender (50) or an activator (40). The radiation sensitive composition (10) changes color instantly when exposed to high energy radiation. The dose is estimated by comparing the color with a color reference chart or more accurately with a spectrophotometer or an optical densitometer. The radiation sensitive composition (10) is protected from low energy radiation such as UV light, by a layer of low energy absorbing materials, such as UV absorbers.

Abstract: A fiber optic dosimeter probe for sensing radiation dose including an optical fiber having a free end and a sensitive end, a window having a sensitive side and a rear side; a radiation sensitive layer between the sensitive end of the optical fiber and a sensitive side of the window, the radiation sensitive layer being made of a material having an optical property that changes with absorbed radiation dose, an amount of the material corresponding to a predetermined sensitivity to radiation; wherein the window and the optical fiber have a near water equivalent interaction with radiation and are MR compatible.

Abstract: A method for a constructing radiation detector includes fabricating a multi-layer structure upon a wafer, the multi-layer structure comprising a plurality of metal layers, a plurality of sacrificial layers, and a plurality of insulating layers, forming a cavity within the multi-layer structure, filling the cavity with a gas that ionizes in response to nuclear radiation, and sealing the gas within the cavity.

Abstract: A luminous system comprising one or more illumination sources, a multilayer structure, and one or more diffuse reflection layers being optically decoupled from the multilayer structure, wherein the emission and the reflection of the luminous system produce a first observed visible color when the one or more illumination sources are powered and a second observed visible color when the one or more illumination sources are non-powered is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of creating the inventive luminous system.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting ionizing radiation from a source. A detector is disposed relative to the source to receive the ionizing radiation. The ionizing radiation causes ionization and/or excitation in the detector, wherein an optical property of the detector is altered in response to the ionization and/or excitation. A source of coherent probing light is disposed relative to the detector to probe the detector. The detector outputs the probing light, wherein the output light is modulated in response to the altered optical property. A receiver receives the output light and detects modulation in the output light.

Abstract: Described is a self-indicating instant radiation dosimeter (1001) for monitoring high energy radiations, such as X-ray. The dosimeter contains a radiation sensitive, color changing, indicating composition (10), e.g., a diacetylene (R—C?C—C?C—R?, where R and R? are substituents groups) or a radiochromic dye, a polymeric binder (20) and optionally a shelf life extender (50) or an activator (40). The radiation sensitive composition (10) changes color instantly when exposed to high energy radiation. The dose is estimated by comparing the color with a color reference chart or more accurately with a spectrophotometer or an optical densitometer. The radiation sensitive composition (10) is protected from low energy radiation such as UV light, by a layer of low energy absorbing materials, such as UV absorbers.

Abstract: A method for colorimetric radiation dosimetry includes subjecting an aggregate including a polymeric matrix having uniformly dispersed nanoparticles therein to radiation. The aggregate is soaked in a solution selected to dissolve decomposed pieces of the polymeric matrix to release into the solution nanoparticles from the decomposed pieces. Color of the solution is compared to a reference to determine a dose of radiation based on number of liberated nanoparticles.

Abstract: The primary collimator for a radiotherapy apparatus can be made up of several layers, each comprising several apertures, and each layer being moveable so as to select a specific aperture to build up the primary collimator shape. In this way, the shape of the primary collimator can be tailored and/or the beam filters incorporated into the primary collimator assembly. This saves space in the radiation head whilst also allowing filters to be easily interchanged.

Abstract: A timing device comprises a sensing material and/or a component which is sensitive to the presence of an environmental attribute. The environmental attribute drives and speeds up or slows the timing device as the concentration of the attribute increases or decreases, respectively. Alternatively, the timing device is activated upon sensing the presence of the environmental attribute and indicates a total passage of time from exposure/activation of the timing device. Particularly, sensing materials of varying types are able to be used to indicate exposure to a variety of substances. For example, in some embodiments, the timing device comprises a sensing material which is sensitive to the presence of ultraviolet radiation. Alternatively, the sensing material is sensitive to other variables such as x-ray radiation and nuclear radiation. In further embodiments, the sensing material is sensitive to biological or physical contamination.

Abstract: The mobile radio unit (phone, smartphone) comprises body 16 with an incorporated processor 1. The processor 1 is connected with memory 2, display 3, audible alarm aids 4, keyboard 5, power unit 6, navigator 9, and transceiver 15. The radio unit is equipped with radiation detector 8, electronic amplifier 7 and interface 10 connected to the processor 1. The detector 8 provides measuring alpha-, beta-, gamma- and neutron emissions and solar radiation levels. The processor 1 is provided with software, which ensures both communication functions and control, warning of exposure levels, measuring background radiation, building diagrams illustrating state of human organs. The keyboard 5 comprises keys for dosimeter and/or radiometer mode control. The detector 8, the interface 10 and the amplifier 7 can be placed in the mobile unit body 16 or in separate detachable unit. Thus, there was constructed an efficient mobile unit, which ensures an extended functionality.

Abstract: A timing device comprises a sensing material and/or a component which is sensitive to the presence of an environmental attribute. The environmental attribute drives and speeds up or slows the timing device as the concentration of the attribute increases or decreases, respectively. Alternatively, the timing device is activated upon sensing the presence of the environmental attribute and indicates a total passage of time from exposure/activation of the timing device. Particularly, sensing materials of varying types are able to be used to indicate exposure to a variety of substances. For example, in some embodiments, the timing device comprises a sensing material which is sensitive to the presence of ultraviolet radiation. Alternatively, the sensing material is sensitive to other variables such as x-ray radiation and nuclear radiation. In further embodiments, the sensing material is sensitive to biological or physical contamination.

Abstract: A film dosimeter is disclosed in the present invention and doped with a sensitizer for determining a neutron and gamma-ray mixed radiation field. The sensitizer comprises quantitative lithium atoms with a different atom percentage of lithium-6 and lithium-7. Theoretically, the atom percentage of the lithium-6 in the lithium atoms is ranged from 0.1 to 99. On the other hand, a method of determining radiation doses of a neutron and gamma-ray mixed radiation field by using the abovementioned film dosimeter is also disclosed in the present invention.

Abstract: Provided are a dosimeter which uses thermoluminescent plates and with which a three-dimensional dose distribution of radiation can be acquired, a method of producing the dosimeter, and a method of using the dosimeter. A thermoluminescent layered product 11 is constituted of a plurality of thermoluminescent plates 13 which are layered. Each of the thermoluminescent plates 13 is constituted of a thermoluminescent phosphor containing no aluminum (III) and a heat-resistant resin. The thermoluminescent phosphor comprises lithium tetraborate as a base material and manganese as a luminescent center contained in the base material.

Abstract: A battery-free electromagnetic leakage detector includes a substrate, an antenna, a filter circuit electrically connected with the antenna, a clamp circuit electrically connected with the filter circuit, and an indicating member electrically connected with the clamp circuit. Accordingly, the battery-free electromagnetic leakage detector is structurally simple and compact and can detect electromagnetic waves and display the detection without connection with any external power source.

Abstract: The test elements are provided that are adapted to detect at least one analyte in a sample. At least some of the test elements are provided with a defect marking which contains information about defectiveness of the test elements. The test elements include at least one radiation-sensitive material. The test elements are exposed to at least one radiation, the radiation being adapted to induce marking in the form of at least one optically detectable change in the radiation-sensitive material.

Abstract: The test elements are provided that are adapted to detect at least one analyte in a sample. At least some of the test elements are provided with a defect marking which contains information about defectiveness of the test elements. The test elements include at least one radiation-sensitive material. The test elements are exposed to at least one radiation, the radiation being adapted to induce marking in the form of at least one optically detectable change in the radiation-sensitive material.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for the detection and mapping of radiation, the device comprising a polymeric core (18) located within an external shell material (1), wherein the polymeric core comprises a plurality of stacked polymeric sheets comprising at least one radiation sensitive component which is sensitive to said radiation emitted by said radioactive materials and the external sheath comprises a collimation sheath (1). Preferably, the polymeric core comprises a cubic, cylindrical, spherical or truncated spherical shape which is encased within the external shell. The external shell is preferably comprised of a metal, most preferably tungsten.

Abstract: Systems and methods of resetting a blocking-type photoconductive imaging detector are provided. In one embodiment, after having obtained an image, the imaging detector may be reset by applying a reversed bias potential difference and illuminating the imaging radiation detector with photoexcitation radiation. The photoexcitation radiation has a wavelength selected to excite mobile charges within the photoconductive layer and a spatial intensity profile related to the measured image for neutralizing the trapped charges in a spatially compensated manner. In another embodiment, a photoionizing beam is directed onto an x-ray light valve having a liquid crystal layer in contact with a photoconductive layer.