Abstract: A method for fabricating a detector or light guide using laser technology. The method yields a detector component such as a scintillator, light guide or optical sensor which provides for the internal manipulation of light waves via the strategic formation of micro-voids to enhance control and collection of scintillation light, allowing for accurate decoding of the impinging radiation. The method uses laser technology to create micro-voids within a target media to optically segment the media. The micro-voids are positioned to define optical boundaries of the optically-segmented portions forming virtual resolution elements within the scintillator. Each micro-void is formed at its selected location using a laser source. The laser source generates and focuses a beam of light into the target media sequentially to form the micro-voids. The laser beam ablates the media at the focal point, thereby yielding the micro-void.

Abstract: A radiation detection system for detecting the presence and location of a radiation source includes an optical fiber bundle having fibers of different lengths, a radiation sensitive material, a stimulating source and an optical detector. The stimulating source stimulates the radiation sensitive material and the radiation sensitive material releases a light output, while the light output provides a readout signal for each fiber corresponding in intensity to the radiation received from the radiation source. The optical detector receives the readout signal such that the variations in intensity of the readout signals along the length of the bundle determine the presence and general location of the radiation source.

Abstract: Disclosed are a radiation image conversion panel, which provides high luminance, an image without white or black defects, an image free from cracks and an image with reduced unevenness, and its manufacturing method. Also disclosed is an X-ray radiographic system employing the radiation image conversion panel. The radiation image conversion panel of the invention comprises a substrate and provided thereon, a reflection layer, a phosphor layer and a protective layer in that order, wherein the phosphor layer is composed of a phosphor crystal in the form of column, and the reflection layer is formed by vapor phase deposition of two or more kinds of metals.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a light emitting plate that has a plurality of segment regions including a transmissive portion that transmits light and a reflective portion on which a fluorescent substance layer; a light source that irradiates the fluorescent substance layer of the light emitting plate with the excitation light; a dichroic mirror that is disposed between the light source and the light emitting plate to transmit the excitation light and reflect fluorescent light from fluorescent substances of the fluorescent substance layer; and an optical device that condenses the excitation light transmitted by the transmissive portion of the light emitting plate and the fluorescent light reflected by the dichroic mirror on a single optical path to form a condensed light and radiate the condensed light toward the same direction.

Abstract: Disclosed are photoluminescent fibers containing photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and photoluminescent fluorescent materials which emit electromagnetic energies to give an emission signature. Also disclosed are the use of the inventive fibers, fabrics made therefrom, and objects containing the fiber.

Abstract: Provided is a radiation detecting element, including: needle crystal scintillators and a protruding pattern in which: one end of the needle crystal scintillators is in contact with of upper surfaces of the multiple protrusions; a gap corresponding to a gap between the multiple protrusions is provided between portions of the needle crystal scintillators in contact with the upper surfaces of the multiple protrusions; and a number of the needle crystal scintillators in contact with one of the upper surfaces is 5 or less. Conventionally, since the needle crystals exhibit a state of a polycrystalline film in an early stage of vapor deposition, and light also spreads in a horizontal direction, the light received by a photodetector portion and the spatial resolution was lower than ideal values. The present invention enables the deviating region to be the ideal state in an early stage of growth.

Abstract: An active detector and methods for detecting molecules, including large molecules such as proteins and oligonucleotides, at or near room temperature based on the generation of electrons via field emission (FE) and/or secondary electron emission (SEE). The detector comprises a semiconductor membrane having an external surface that is contacted by one or more molecules, and an internal surface having a thin metallic layer or other type of electron emitting layer. The kinetic energy of molecules contacting the semiconductor membrane is transferred through the membrane and induces the emission of electrons from the emitting layer. An electron detector, which optionally includes means for electron amplification, is positioned to detect the emitted electrons.

Abstract: The OLED display device includes a first stack and a second stack that are separated from each other between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, with a charge generation layer sandwiched between the first stack and the second stack, each of the first stack and the second stack having an emission layer. The first stack includes a blue emission layer formed between the anode electrode and the CGL. The second stack includes a fluorescent green emission layer and a phosphorescent red emission layer formed between the cathode electrode and the CGL. The blue emission layer includes one of a fluorescent blue emission layer and a phosphorescent blue emission layer.

Abstract: An imaging array has imaging pixels, non-uniform septa, an axial center and a radial perimeter. The septa are positioned in the array such that there is a septum between adjacent ones of the imaging pixels. At least one parameter of the septa varies at least once from the center to the perimeter of the array. The parameter may increase from the center to the perimeter. The parameter may comprise density or atomic number of the septa. Alternatively, the parameter of the septa may be their radial thicknesses which vary relative to the center.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a scintillator panel containing a first support having thereon a phosphor layer, and a protective layer on the phosphor layer, the method comprising the steps of (1) dividing a first scintillator panel comprising the first support having thereon the phosphor layer into a plurality of second scintillator panels; (2) providing an adsorbing member between a side of the first support of each of the plurality of the second scintillator panels and a side of a second support; and allowing to adsorb the plurality of the second scintillator panels onto the second support; (3) forming a protective layer on a whole surface of the plurality of the second scintillator panels except a portion of the second scintillator panels which is contacted with the adsorbing member.

Abstract: A scintillator array and method for making the same are provided. The array comprises a bi-layer reflector further comprising a conformal smoothing layer and a mirror layer. The bi-layer reflector does not comprise an intervening reducing agent or adhesion layer and/or comprises aluminum. Further, the mirror layer may be deposited via gas phase metallization, allowing application to tightly confined spaces. A detector array comprising the scintillator array is also provided.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion chip is formed by depositing a wavelength conversion material on a substrate to form a layer, removing the resulting wavelength conversion layer from the substrate and then segmenting the wavelength conversion layer into a plurality of wavelength conversion chips. The wavelength conversion material can be annealed by thermal annealing or radiation annealing to increase the wavelength conversion efficiency of the chips or to sinter the wavelength conversion material to form a ceramic material. Optical coatings, vias, light extraction elements, electrical connections or electrical bond pads can be fabricated on the wavelength conversion chips.

Abstract: A scintillator detector of high-energy radiation comprising a semiconductor slab that is composed of alternating layers of barrier and well material. The barrier and well material layers are direct bandgap semiconductors. Bandgap of the well material is smaller than the bandgap of the barrier material. The combined thickness of the well layers is substantially less than the total thickness of said slab. The thickness of the barrier layers is substantially larger than the diffusion length of minority carriers. The thickness of the well layers is sufficiently large to absorb most of the incident scintillating radiation generated in the barrier layers in response to an ionization event from interaction with an incident high-energy particle.

Abstract: Disclosed are photoluminescent fibers containing photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and photoluminescent fluorescent materials whose emission signature lies partly or fully in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also disclosed are the use of the inventive fibers, fabrics made therefrom, and objects containing the fiber.

Abstract: An imaging system is provided. The imaging system includes a sample to be scanned by the imaging system. An absorbance modulation layer (AML) is positioned in close proximity to the sample and is physically separate from the sample. One or more sub-wavelength apertures are generated within the AML, whose size is determined by the material properties of the AML and the intensities of the illuminating wavelengths. A light source transmits an optical signal through the one or more sub-wavelength apertures generating optical near-fields that are collected for imaging.

Abstract: A process of forming a radiation detection system can include forming an array of scintillator elements, which can include joining a plurality of pieces including scintillator material together to form an object. A joining region can include the space between the immediately adjacent pieces. The process can also include cutting the object to obtain a portion having a face, wherein cutting is performed such that the portion includes parts of different pieces within the plurality of pieces. The process can further include cutting a groove within the portion, wherein the groove extends from the face and intersects the joining region. The process can include optically coupling the array to a photosensor. A radiation detection system can include an array of scintillator elements wherein a reflective sheet may lie between a pair of scintillator elements and no reflective sheet between another pair of scintillator elements.

Abstract: A phoswich device for determining depth of interaction (DOI) includes a wavelength shifting layer between first and second scintillators of different scintillation materials and having different decay time characteristics. The wavelength shifting layer allows a true phoswich device to be constructed where the emission wavelength of one scintillator is in the peak excitation band of the other scintillator, by shifting the scintillation light outside of this excitation band to prevent scintillation light of one scintillator from exciting a response in the other scintillator, thus enabling unique identification of the location of a gamma photon scintillation event. The phoswich device is particularly applicable to positron emission tomography (PET) applications.

Abstract: In a radiation image conversion panel (10), a radiation conversion layer (2) for converting an incident radiation into light is formed on a substrate (1). The radiation conversion layer (2) has a reflective layer (3), on a side opposite from a light exit surface (2a) for emitting the light, for reflecting the light to the exit surface (2a) side, while the reflective layer (3) has a helical structure comprising helically stacked phosphor crystals. Thus constructed radiation image conversion panel (10) can enhance the reflectance without forming a reflective layer made of a thin metal film or the like and exhibit a reflectance higher than that in the case where the reflective layer is formed by spherical crystal particles.

Abstract: The intrinsic background of a gamma ray spectrometer is significantly reduced by surrounding the scintillator with a second scintillator. This second (external) scintillator surrounds the first scintillator and has an opening of approximately the same diameter as the smaller central scintillator in the forward direction. The second scintillator is selected to have a higher atomic number, and thus has a larger probability for a Compton scattering interaction than within the inner region. Scattering events that are essentially simultaneous in coincidence to the first and second scintillators, from an electronics perspective, are precluded electronically from the data stream. Thus, only gamma-rays that are wholly contained in the smaller central scintillator are used for analytic purposes.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for marking a material characterized in that it consists in incorporating into the material: either a phosphor capable of producing, following excitation, two light emissions whereof the respective wavelengths and the emission decay times are different, or several phosphors capable of producing, following excitation, a light emission whereof the wavelength and the emission decay time are different from the wavelength and emission decay time of the other or other phosphors. The material can in particular be of the paper, board, paint, textile, ink, glass or macromolecular material type.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for verifying the achievement of a desired sterility assurance level (SAL) for components manipulated within a low-energy electron beam sterilization chamber. The components are preferably pre-sterilized and connected together in an assembly fashion which creates and maintains the sterility of the connection by subjecting the components to low-energy (less than 300 KeV) electron beam radiation. The verification is completed by measuring the sterilization dose delivered to a sensor, also known as a dosimeter, positioned within the sterilization process to simulate the components.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a scintillator comprising a substrate covered with a layer of luminescent material, the layer of luminescent material comprising a first side in contact with the substrate and a second side, the surface of which has asperities, separated by interstices, a detection radiation emerging from the second side of the layer of luminescent material when the luminescent material is illuminated by a probe radiation through the substrate, characterized in that the second side of the layer of luminescent material is covered with a film of a coating material partially absorbing the detection radiation, and moulding itself to the asperities of the surface of the second side of the layer of luminescent material.

Abstract: A radiation detection device comprising a plasma display panel (PDP) with a multiplicity of radiation detection pixels, each radiation detection pixel being defined by a hollow elongated Plasma-tube filled with an ionizable gas. Arrays of Plasma-tubes are positioned on a suitable base such as a substrate and used to inspect and detect radiation from a selected object. Each Plasma-tube may be of any suitable geometric configuration and may be used alone or in any combination with one or more Plasma-shells, such as a Plasma-disc, Plasma-dome, and/or Plasma-sphere. Luminescent material may be positioned near or on each Plasma-tube or Plasma-shell to provide or enhance light output. A flexible base substrate may be used to wrap a layer or blanket of radiation detection Plasma-tubes about the selected object. The substrate base may comprise an elongated rod that is used as a probe to detect radiation from an object. An object may be passed through a ring or a cylinder of Plasma-tubes.

Abstract: A method of discriminating a type of recording medium and a discriminating apparatus in which the type of recording medium is discriminated based on a temperature change of the recording medium when the recording medium is heated. A type of recording medium is discriminated based on a phase difference between a pulse signal input to a heating device and a pulse signal output by a detecting device detecting a temperature of a recording medium.

Abstract: A radiation detector device is disclosed that includes a photosensor and a scintillator coupled to the photosensor. The scintillator includes a scintillator crystal having a first end proximal to the photosensor, a second end distal from the photosensor, and a length extending between the proximal end and the distal end. The scintillator also includes a reflector substantially surrounding the scintillator crystal at least along its length. The reflector comprises a fabric that includes a plurality of fibers, each fiber comprising an inorganic material.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus includes an optical detector disposed on a substrate and having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements which convert light into an electrical signal, and a scintillator layer disposed on the optical detector and having a columnar crystal structure which converts radiation into light, wherein the concentration of an activator of the scintillator layer is higher at the radiation-incident side opposite the optical detector and is lower at the optical detector side. The scintillator panel includes the substrate and the scintillator layer disposed on the substrate, wherein the concentration of the activator of the scintillator layer is higher at the radiation-incident side and is lower at the light-emission side.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of photostabilisers for fluorescent dyes. The invention additionally relates to products containing such photostabilisers.

Abstract: A method of reducing receipt fraud comprises attempting to detect emission from a receipt associated with one or more luminescent markers that are incorporated in a valid receipt. The receipt is validated when the attempt is successful.

Abstract: A laser microdissection unit for cutting a microscopic sample using a laser beam of a laser includes a microscope and a fluorescence device. The microscope includes an illumination beam path directed onto the sample, and an imaging beam path configured to image the sample. The fluorescence device includes an excitation filter, a dichroic beam splitter, and a blocking filter. The dichroic beam splitter and the blocking filter are spectrally transparent to the laser beam, and the laser beam is directable through the dichroic beam splitter and the blocking filter onto the sample.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present invention are directed to apparatuses and methods for up-converting electromagnetic radiation. In one aspect of the present invention, a plasmonic up-converter apparatus includes an excitation source operable to emit electromagnetic radiation at an excitation frequency and at least one array of nanofeatures. The at least one array of nanofeatures is configured to produce an emission spectrum responsive to irradiation by the electromagnetic radiation. The emission spectrum has an intensity at a second harmonic frequency or a third harmonic frequency approximately equal to an intensity at a fundamental harmonic frequency, with the fundamental harmonic frequency being approximately equal to the excitation frequency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring light-activated fluorescence of at least one coating that contains a fluorescent material, and its use for measuring fluid materials which cause fluorescence-quenching in at least one of the fluorescent coatings. To activate the fluorescence, at least one first light wave-guide is directed onto at least one coating applied to a support and the fluorescent light is directed at a detector by means of at least one-second light wave-guide, in order to determine the intensity of the fluorescent light. The end faces of the different fluorescent light wave guides are then arranged to have overlapping entry and/or exit cones and/or be of a shape substantially identical to the at least one coating containing a fluorescent material, in such a way that an accurate measurement of the fluorescence intensity can be attained, and that the light source(s), light wave guides and the detector(s) are lodged in a measuring head.

Abstract: Disclosed are photoluminescent compositions containing photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and photoluminescent fluorescent materials whose emission signature lies partly or fully in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also disclosed are photoluminescent compositions containing photoluminescent phosphorescent materials and photoluminescent fluorescent materials whose emission signature lies partly or fully in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum which are high in intensity and high in persistence.

Abstract: A method of indicating the condition of an item comprises illuminating the item to excite one or more photoluminescent markers incorporated within the item. Photoluminescent emission from the markers in response to the excitation is compared to one or more pre-defined photoluminescent signatures indicating different conditions of the item.

Abstract: An object is to provide a scintillator plate exhibiting even sharpness, and further exhibiting enhanced sharpness by use of CsI crystals. Disclosed is a scintillator plate for radiation comprising a support and provided thereon a phosphor layer emitting light caused upon exposure to radiation, wherein the phosphor layer comprises a plurality of phosphor columnar crystals, and any two phosphor columnar crystal diameters represented by a and b (a?b) satisfy the following inequality of 1.0?a/b<1.5. Further disclosed is a scintillator plate for radiation comprising a support and provided thereon a phosphor layer emitting light caused upon exposure to radiation, wherein the phosphor layer comprises a phosphor made from cesium iodide (CsI) as a base material and an activator, and a most dominant growth direction in the phosphor is (n 0 0) plane (where n=1, 2 or 3).

Abstract: A radiation or neutron detector wherein lateral side light detecting optical fibers prepared from clear optical fibers that are scraped on a lateral side to permit side incidence of fluorescence are used to detect the fluorescence from a phosphor or a scintillator such that the background to gamma-rays is reduced. If desired, the optical fibers may be bent at 90 degrees and guided to a photomultiplier tube in order to reduce the size of the detector. Fabrication and maintenance of the detector can be facilitated by adopting such a design that a detecting block comprising a detection medium and lateral side light detecting optical fibers is separated from a readout block comprising clear optical fibers.

Abstract: A method and device for quality controlling packets of cigarettes, whereby, as a packet is fed, in use, through a quality control station, an optical detecting unit acquires data relative to given portions of the packet, which portions are coated with material optically detectable at wavelengths outside the visible range; the data detected by the optical detecting unit is compared with reference data, and the outcome of the comparison is used to determine acceptance or rejection of the packet; in this way, the condition of the packet can be determined regardless of the graphics on the packet.

Abstract: An authentication system may comprise: a first light source, a second light source, and at least three optically filtered light sensing devices. The first light source can have a first light source spectral distribution and can be capable of providing sufficient excitation to produce a photoluminescent emission from a medium comprising a luminescent tag and a color. The second light source can have a visible multi-wavelength spectral distribution and can be capable of providing sufficient visible multi-wavelength illumination of the medium to generate a second analog response. Each light sensing device can have a different device spectral sensitivity range.

Abstract: A light source for examining sites in heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems for leaks using a fluorescent dye is described. The light source can include a low voltage lamp or a low heat generating lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to a storage layer (4) for storing x-ray information, comprising a large number of needle-shaped storage material areas (15A to 15L) for guiding light radiation (17 to 28, 30 to 35). An absorption zone (14A to 14N), which contains absorption material for absorbing light radiation (17 to 23, 30 to 35, 39) lies between the individual needle-shaped storage material areas (15A to 15L) and absorbs less than all of the light radiation that it receives. The invention also relates to a device for reading x-ray information from a storage layer of this type and to an x-ray cassette which has a device of this type for reading x-ray information.

Abstract: X-ray imaging screens utilizing phosphors disposed in microchannels disposed in a plate. This application relates to the “tiling” of such microchannel plates to form a larger imaging area and to the use of “storage phosphors” in the microchannel plates which enables the phosphors to be read out after exposure and from the side exposed to the X-rays. The storage phosphor screens of the present invention provide significantly increased resolution than the prior art storage phosphor screens.

Abstract: A radiation image storage panel composed of a support and a phosphor film of a stimulable europium activated cesium bromide phosphor having the formula (I): CsBr.MIX?aMIIX?2+bMIIIX?3:zEu ??(I) [MI is an alkali metal element; MII is an alkaline earth metal element or a divalent metal element; MIII is a rare earth element or a trivalent metal element; each of X, X? and X? is a halogen; and 0?a<0.5, 0?b<0.5, 0?c<0.5, and 0<z<1.0] is prepared by the steps of depositing on the support a prismatic europium activated cesium bromide phosphor crystal layer on the support in a gas phase; and heating the crystal layer at a temperature of <300 ° C. but >50° C. for 1 to 8 hours in an inert gas atmosphere which may contain a small amount of oxygen or hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a detector or light guide using laser technology. The method yields a detector component such as a scintillator, light guide or optical sensor which provides for the internal manipulation of light waves via the strategic formation of micro-voids to enhance control and collection of scintillation light, allowing for accurate decoding of the impinging radiation. The method uses laser technology to create micro-voids within a target media to optically segment the media. The micro-voids are positioned to define optical boundaries of the optically-segmented portions forming virtual resolution elements within the scintillator. Each micro-void is formed at its selected location using a laser source. The laser source generates and focuses a beam of light into the target media sequentially to form the micro-voids. The laser beam ablates the media at the focal point, thereby yielding the micro-void.

Abstract: A scintillator for an electron microscope includes a substrate (24) of optically transparent material in disc shaped form, a retaining ring (20) of highly conductive material having a non-oxidizing surface around the substrate and having a radially inwardly extending lip (22) on one end, a coating of indium tin oxide (26) on surface (28) of the substrate, electrically conductive adhesive material (32) between the lip and the radially outer part of the coating, and scintillator material (36) bonded to surface (38) of the coating. The indium tin oxide coating may be applied by sputtering and the scintillator material may br deposited onto the coating by settlement deposition. All contacting surfaces are intimately bonded to provide maximum conductivity resulting in better signal to noise ratio. The conductive substrate minimizes pinhole interference, the scintillator is easier to handle during installation and no aluminum overcoating is required.

Abstract: A biochemical analysis data producing method includes the steps of exposing stimulable phosphor layer regions formed in a stimulable phosphor sheet and spaced from each other using standard light, irradiating the stimulable phosphor layer regions with a stimulating ray, detecting stimulated emission to produce correction data for the individual stimulable phosphor layer regions, superposing the stimulable phosphor sheet on a biochemical analysis unit including spot-like regions formed in the same pattern as that of the stimulable phosphor layer regions and selectively containing a radioactive labeling substance, exposing the stimulable phosphor layer regions to the radioactive labeling substance, scanning the stimulable phosphor layer regions with a stimulating ray, detecting stimulated emission to produce biochemical analysis data, and correcting the biochemical analysis data using the correction data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting neutrons are disclosed. One or more neutron-sensitive scintillators can be configured from a plurality of nano-sized particles and a plastic material, such as polystyrene. The nano-sized particles can be compounded into the plastic material with at least one dopant that permits the plastic material to scintillate. One or more plastic light collectors can be associated with a neutron-sensitive scintillator, such that the plastic light collector includes a central hole thereof. A wavelength-shifting fiber can then be located within the hole. The wavelength shifting (WLS) fiber absorbs scintillation light having a wavelength thereof and remits the light at a longer wavelength.

Abstract: In a thermoluminescence detector, a coded cover layer is provided, which consists of a silicon resin including pigment particles, and the cover layer is pre-tempered to evaporate solvents and then coded by evaporation of areas of the layer, by means of a laser, in a selectable pattern, whereupon the coded layer is finally tempered for fixing the code pattern.

Abstract: A gadolinium oxysulfide phosphor for digital radiography represented by the following compositional formula, which mainly emits a green luminescence under excitation with radiation: (Gd1−x−y−z,Tbx,Dyy,Cez)2O2S wherein x, y and z are numbers which satisfy 1.2×10−3≦x≦1.9×10−2, 5×10−4≦y≦19×10−2 and 10−8≦z≦8×10−7, respectively.

Abstract: A radiation image storage panel composed of a support and a phosphor film of a stimulable europium activated cesium bromide phosphor having the formula (I):

Abstract: Shown is a flexible scintillator, or scintillation-type level detector, in which the scintillator is made from a plurality of elongated, relatively thin layers of plastic scintillator material stacked in close proximity to one another in a slidable relationship to provide flexibility in at least two dimensions. The layers of at least one end are aligned for operable connection to a photodetector. Optionally, an anti-friction material, such as PTFE, may be placed between layers of the plastic scintillator material. Edge and outer face surfaces of the layers of the scintillator material may be covered with an inwardly facing light reflective material and/or light-excluding material.

Abstract: A microchannel phosphor screen for converting radiation, such as X-rays, into visible light. The screen includes a planar surface, which can be formed from glass, silicon or metal, which has etched therein a multiplicity of closely spaced microchannels having diameters of the order of 40 microns or less. Deposited within each of the microchannels is a multiplicity of phosphors which emit light when acted upon by radiation. The dimensions of the microchannel and the phosphors and the relationship between the microchannels and the phosphors is optimized so that the light output compares favorably with lower resolution non microchannel based scintillation screens. A photomultiplier can be integrated with the X-ray detector so as to provide an enhanced output for use with low level X-ray of for cine or fluoroscopy applications.