Abstract: An electro-optical distance meter comprises a light source for emitting a distance measuring light, a distance measuring optical system for leading a distance measuring light to a photodetector, an internal reference optical system for leading a part of the distance measuring light as an internal reference light to the photodetector, and an arithmetic processing unit for performing a distance measurement based on light receiving results of the distance measuring light and the internal reference light, wherein the internal reference optical system comprises a condenser lens, a scattering plate for scattering the internal reference light and for forming a secondary light source, and an optical fiber for leading the internal reference light to the photodetector and the internal reference optical system is constituted in such a manner that a light component of the internal reference light emitted from an arbitrary point within a whole surface of the secondary light source enters the optical fiber.

Abstract: A method and circuit QED implementation of a control-phase quantum logic gate UCP(?)=diag[1,1,1, ei?]. Two qubits Qi, two resonators Ra, Rb and a modulator. Q1 and Q2, each has a frequency ?qi and characterized by {circumflex over (?)}zi. Ra is associated with Q1 and defined by a quantum non-demolition (QND) longitudinal coupling g1z{circumflex over (?)}1z(â†+â). Rb is integrated into Ra, the QND second longitudinal coupling is defined by Ra as g2z{circumflex over (?)}2z({circumflex over (b)}†+{circumflex over (b)}) or, when Rb is integrated into Ra, the QND second longitudinal coupling is defined by Ra as g2z{circumflex over (?)}2z(â†+â) The modulator periodically modulates, at a frequency ?m during a time t, the longitudinal coupling strengths g1z and g2z with respective signals of respective amplitudes {tilde over (g)}1 and {tilde over (g)}2. Selecting a defined value for each of t, g1z and g2z determines ? to specify a quantum logical operation performed by the gate.

Abstract: A well logging tool includes a neutron generator having an ion source cathode comprising a nano-structure field emission (FE) array for producing a charged particle current routed through an ionizable gas, thus generating ions by electron impact ionization of the gas. The nanostructures can be provided by bundles of silicon nanotips grown on a substrate. The FE array can be provided on an axially facing substrate located co-axially in an elongate housing, with the charged particle current directed from the centrally located FE array to a co-axial annular anode and having axial and radial directional components.

Abstract: Method and circuit for reading a value {circumflex over (?)}z stored in a quantum information unit (qubit) memory having a qubit frequency ?a, with a resonator defined by a resonator damping rate ?, a resonator frequency ?r, a resonator electromagnetic field characterized by ↠and â, a longitudinal coupling strength gz, an output âout and a longitudinal coupling gz{circumflex over (?)}z(â†+â). At a quantum non-demolition (QND) longitudinal modulator, periodically modulating the longitudinal coupling strength gz with a signal of amplitude {tilde over (g)}z at least three (3) times greater than the resonator damping rate ? and of frequency ?m with ?m+? resonant with ?r, wherein the longitudinal coupling strength gz varies over time (t) in accordance with gz(t)=gz+{tilde over (g)}z cos(?mt) with gz representing an average value of gz and at a QND homodyne detector, measuring the value {circumflex over (?)}z of the qubit memory from a phase reading of the output {circumflex over (?)}out.

Abstract: A method comprising: providing a device for detecting a biological signature behind a glass surface using non-visible light is provided. A method of emitting one or more pulses of energy at a specific wavelength over a field of illumination towards a target area, filtering out one or more returning wavelengths from the target area, and determining, based on the filtering, if a combination of a fluorescence wavelength and a source wavelength is present, is also provided. An associated system is further provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for treating the retina and/or other areas of a patient's eye. The procedures may involve using one or more treatment beams (e.g., lasers) to cause photocoagulation or laser coagulation to finely cauterize ocular blood vessels and/or prevent blood vessel growth to induce one or more therapeutic benefits. In other embodiments, a series of short duration light pulses (e.g., between 5-15 microseconds) may be delivered to the retinal tissue with a thermal relaxation time delay between the pulse to limit the temperature rise of the target retinal tissue and thereby limit a thermal effect to only the retinal pigment epithelial layer. Such procedures may be used to treat diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and/or other conditions of the eye. The treatment beam may be delivered within a treatment boundary or pattern defined on the retina of the patient's eye.

Abstract: An insect trap is described. The insect trap includes a container that has solid walls defining a substantially rectangular or spherical closed space. The container has a hole. The container has at least two parallel walls in the rectangular embodiment. The two parallel walls or the spherical walls are at least partially covered with a reflective surface on the inside of the container. A semiochemical or an odorant is situated in said container. A permeable flap covers the hole.

Abstract: A magnetic field coil arrangement for a magneto-optical trap comprises a first transparent substrate having a first surface, a second transparent substrate having a second surface opposite from the first surface, one or more side walls coupled between the first and second transparent substrates, a first set of magnetic field coils on the first surface of the first transparent substrate, and a second set of magnetic field coils on the second surface of the second transparent substrate. The second set of magnetic field coils in an offset alignment with the first set of magnetic field coils. The first and second sets of magnetic field coils are configured to produce a magnetic field distribution that mimics a quadrupole magnetic field distribution in a central location between the first and second transparent substrates.

Abstract: In an integrated gimbal and High-Powered Multiband Laser (HPMBL) for use in an infrared countermeasure apparatus in a pod mounted on an aircraft, the improvement comprises an optical bench that connects the optical path between side-by-side mounted gimbal and high power laser; and a kinematic mounting system that prevents optical bench bending.

Abstract: These various embodiments are employed in conjunction with the use of both a multi-leaf collimator and jaws that are interposed between a source of radiation and a treatment target while sourcing radiation from the source of radiation towards the treatment target. Generally speaking, during some portion of the aforementioned treatment, these teachings provide for manipulating the jaws to more tightly constrain, in at least one dimension, a beam-shaping aperture as is formed by the multi-leaf collimator.

Abstract: A method of filtering noise in a three-dimensional position measurement system comprising receiving distance data representative of the respective distances between at least four spatially dispersed known points and an unknown point, performing triangulation calculations to determine at least two solutions to the three dimensional position of the unknown point relative to the known points, calculating a symmetrical bounding surface such as a sphere or cube which just encloses the said solutions, comparing the maximum dimension of the bounding surface with a first predetermined error threshold, and if the maximum dimension is less than the first error threshold, determining the center position of the bounding surface and outputting the center position as a noise-filtered position for the unknown point.

Abstract: A method for sustaining a plasma includes providing a volume of a gas; generating illumination of a first selected wavelength; and forming a first plasma species in a first region of the gas and a second plasma species in a second region of the gas by focusing the illumination of the first wavelength into the volume of gas, the first region having a first average temperature and a first size, the second region having a second average temperature and a second size, the illumination of the first selected wavelength transmitted by the second plasma species, the illumination of the first selected wavelength absorbed by the first plasma species by tuning the first selected wavelength of the illumination to an absorption line of the first plasma species, the absorption line being associated with an ionic absorption transition or an excited neutral transition of the first plasma species.

Abstract: In order to obtain a particle beam irradiation apparatus that enlarges the dose distribution of beam spots while suppressing a decrease of the maximum available range of a charged particle beam, the particle beam irradiation apparatus includes a particle beam acceleration means; particle beam transport means; scanning apparatus that includes first scanning means and second scanning means, and two-dimensionally scans the beam; and irradiation control means that controls the scanning apparatus so as to irradiate the beam onto a target region including a plurality of small regions. The irradiation control means controls the first scanning means so as to scan the beam over a small region serving as an irradiation subject among the plurality of the small regions, and controls the second scanning means so as to change the small region serving as the irradiation subject to be a different small region among the plurality of the small regions.

Abstract: A flux detection apparatus can include a radioactive sample having a decay rate capable of changing in response to interaction with a first particle or a field, and a detector associated with the radioactive sample. The detector is responsive to a second particle or radiation formed by decay of the radioactive sample. The rate of decay of the radioactive sample can be correlated to flux of the first particle or the field. Detection of the first particle or the field can provide an early warning for an impending solar event.

Abstract: A sample transfer device is provided which can insert to a charged particle beam apparatus a sample to be observed and analyzed under irradiation of a charged particle beam while suppressing to a minimum the time to expose the sample to the atmospheric environment. The sample transfer device for transferring the sample to be observed and analyzed by irradiating the charged particle beam comprises an expansible hollow member capable of accommodating a sample holder mounting the sample, a fixing member for fixing the sample holder within the expansible hollow member, and a sealing member communicating with the interior of the expansible hollow member to open/close an opening through which the sample holder passes.

Abstract: A method and system for treating a non-planar structure is described. The method includes forming a non-planar structure on a substrate. Additionally, the method includes generating a gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) formed from a material source for treatment of the non-planar structure, tilting the substrate relative to the GCIB, and irradiating the non-planar structure with the GCIB. The system includes a substrate tilt actuator coupled to a substrate holder and configured to tilt the substrate holder relative to a GCIB.

Abstract: A radiometer is provided. The radiometer includes a sensor and a radiation transparent dome. The radiation transparent dome surrounds the sensor. The radiometer also includes one or more fluid nozzles. The one or more fluid nozzles are adapted to apply a fluid on the radiation transparent dome in order to clean the surface of the radiation transparent dome.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for detecting and disabling a human eye or optical device used in the fire control of a weapon. This apparatus comprises a prism having a plurality of peripheral reflective surface. This prism has a longitudinal axis and rotating about said longitudinal axis. An infrared (IR) laser directs an infrared laser beam toward the prism side that the laser beam is reflected toward the human eye or optical device, such that the IR laser beam is retroreflected to the prism. There is also an infrared IR detector which detects the IR retroreflected laser beam reflected from the prism. A visible light wavelength laser which produces a visible light wavelength laser beam which is reflected from the prism to the human eye or optical device to disable the human eye or optical device to prevent use of the weapon.

Abstract: A medical device which can rotate a radiation emitter or the like with high positional precision over an extended period of time is provided. Provided are a support frame installed such that a central axis thereof is positioned substantially horizontally; circular tracks respectively disposed on both side faces of the support frame; a moving gantry configured to revolve relative to the support frame via sliding portions configured to slide on the circular tracks; and revolving driving means for revolving the moving gantry, wherein the moving gantry is constructed of a rigid-framed structure formed of a first side portion and a second side portion disposed so as to flank the support frame from both side faces thereof, and coupling portions for coupling the first side portion and the second side portion.

Abstract: This measurement device is used to determine energy for charged particles. The measurement device includes two segments and a plate that define two thresholds or gaps. The current as a charged particle passes through these thresholds or gaps is measured. The measurement device then calculates the energy of the charged particles. Energy contamination also may be determined.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for scanning substrates through an ion beam in the process chamber of an ion implanter. The apparatus comprises a substrate carriage and reaction mass carriage movably mounted to a fixed base. The substrate carriage is adapted to support a substrate holder. Movement of the substrate carriage results in movement of the substrate holder, and substrate mounted therein, through the ion beam. The reaction mass carriage moves in the opposite direction to the substrate carriage to counter any reaction forces exerted on the fixed base as a result of acceleration of the substrate carriage.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a compact optical device, intended for use in a night vision telescope, that includes an objective, a standard light intensifier that rotates the image through 180° between its entry and its exit, an eyepiece, and four optical deflections, one in the objective and three in the eyepiece. The eyepiece, producing a single intermediate image between its entry and its exit, includes a combiner whose deflection angle ? depends on its optical index n and the half-field ? of the device. The field width of the device is at least 40°. The invention is applicable notably to night vision binoculars for aircraft or helicopter pilots.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an inspection container, comprising: a bottom and a sidewall, said bottom is coupled to one side of said sidewall to form a space, wherein, there are a plurality of protrudes set on the lower surface of said bottom. The inspection container further comprises a division part, which divides said space into a plurality of subspaces. With the solutions according to the present invention, it is possible to meet the requirement for inspecting a plurality of bottles at one time.

Abstract: Quantum information processing device includes resonator incorporating material containing physical systems, each of physical systems having at least four energy states, transition between two energy states of at least four energy states, and transition energy between at least two energy states of at least four energy states, at least four energy states being non-degenerate when magnetic field fails to be applied to physical systems, transition resonating in resonator mode that is in common between physical systems, each of at least four energy states representing a quantum bit, transition energy being shifted when magnetic field is applied to physical systems, and magnetic-field application unit configured to apply magnetic field having direction and intensity to material, to eliminate linear transition energy shift between two energy states included in physical systems, each of two energy states included in physical systems being with excluding two energy states resonating in resonator mode.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for verifying the achievement of a desired sterility assurance level (SAL) for components manipulated within a low-energy electron beam sterilization chamber. The components are preferably pre-sterilized and connected together in an assembly fashion which creates and maintains the sterility of the connection by subjecting the components to low-energy (less than 300 KeV) electron beam radiation. The verification is completed by measuring the sterilization dose delivered to a sensor, also known as a dosimeter, positioned within the sterilization process to simulate the components.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electron beam crossbar switch for interconnection between communication units. The crossbar switch includes an array of electrically charged particle emitter source devices with an input connected to a slow wave structure coupled to the emitter source. An array of detectors is positioned relative to the array of emitter devices for receiving charged particles from various of the emitter devices. X and y deflection means are positioned adjacent each of the emitters for directing the charged particles from each of the emitters to at least one of the detectors to provide more signal output and a reduction in deflection accuracy.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell and a method for accelerating the reduction of gamma ray emissions from a radioactive substance. The cell includes a non-conductive housing and a conductive end member sealingly positioned in and extending from each open end of the housing. Gamma ray emitting material such as powder, granules or gases in an admixture with palladium black powder or particles are closely packed into the chamber. A longitudinal gas passage extends through each end member in gas communication with the chamber. Each gas passage is sealably closeable, one gas passage being connectable to a source of pressurized hydrogen or deuterium gas deliverable under pressure into the chamber to charge the catalytic particles. A distal end of each end member is connected to an electric power source wherein, when electric current flows through the chamber, the gamma ray emission count decays at an abnormally high rate.

Abstract: A load lock system includes a first load lock defining a first chamber, a second load lock defining a second chamber, and a vacuum pumping system to vacuum pump the first and second chambers. The vacuum pumping system includes a high vacuum pump, a first valve to connect the first chamber to an inlet of the high vacuum pump in a first pumping mode, and a second valve to connect the second chamber to the inlet of the high vacuum pump in a second pumping mode. The high vacuum pump may be a turbomolecular pump. The vacuum pumping system may include a valve manifold block located between the first and second load locks. The first and second valves may be mounted in the valve manifold block. The vacuum pumping system may further include a shared water pump.

Abstract: The invention is directed to improved containers for pharmaceuticals and any tubing and tubing connectors associated therewith, particularly containers for pharmaceuticals which are irradiated, heated or otherwise subjected to increased pressure. In a preferred embodiment, the invention is directed to an improved container for use in a radioisotope generator, such as a rubidium-82 generator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a moon grid for transmission electron microscopy tomography, including a mesh sheet for protecting an upper objects and a support film formed on the mesh sheet and having nanoparticles dispersed throughout, in which the nanoparticles dispersed throughout the support film are used as reference points in the reconstruction of two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy images into a three-dimensional image, thus omitting a process of attaching markers in the course of preparation of a sample and easily forming reference points even on a sample to which it is impossible to attach markers. A method of fabricating such a moon grid is also provided.

Abstract: A shading area having a transmissivity in the range of 0 to 2% is formed at the center of a clear defect in a wiring pattern of a half tone mask. Semitransparent areas having a transmissivity in the range of 10 to 25% are formed, adjacently to shading area, in areas extending from the inside of the edge of an imaginary pattern having no defect to the outside of the edge. In this way, in the correction of the defect in the half tone mask, the working accuracy tolerable margin of the correction portion of the defect can be made large.

Abstract: A method may comprise emitting electromagnetic radiation onto a workpiece and storing data describing geometrical elements in a pattern. The electromagnetic radiation may be focused and/or reflected in a first direction, and a power level of the electromagnetic radiation may be modulated according to the stored data. A guiding rail may be moved in the first direction and a carriage may be moved in a second direction, each in one of a continuous and stepwise manner. The second direction may be substantially perpendicular to the first direction. A pattern may be exposed on the workpiece.

Abstract: A charged beam apparatus, such as an electron microscopy apparatus, and a method for determining an aerial dimensional map of a charged beam within the charged beam apparatus, each use a test structure that includes a feature located upon a substrate. One of the feature and the substrate is conductive and the other of the feature and the structure is non conductive. The charged beam within the charged beam apparatus is scanned in a plurality of non-parallel linear directions with respect to the substrate and the feature to provide a corresponding plurality of current versus position response curves from which may be determined the aerial dimensional map of the charged beam within the charged beam apparatus.

Abstract: Quantum information processing device includes resonator incorporating material containing physical systems, each of physical systems having at least four energy states, transition between two energy states of at least four energy states, and transition energy between at least two energy states of at least four energy states, at least four energy states being non-degenerate when magnetic field fails to be applied to physical systems, transition resonating in resonator mode that is in common between physical systems, each of at least four energy states representing a quantum bit, transition energy being shifted when magnetic field is applied to physical systems, and magnetic-field application unit configured to apply magnetic field having direction and intensity to material, to eliminate linear transition energy shift between two energy states included in physical systems, each of two energy states included in physical systems being with excluding two energy states resonating in resonator mode.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, a substrate processing system is provided. The system may include a chamber wall enclosing a chamber, a substrate support positioned within the chamber to support a substrate, an electromagnetic radiation source to emit electromagnetic radiation onto the substrate on the substrate support, the electromagnetic radiation causing photoelectrons to be emitted from a material on the substrate, an analyzer to capture the photoelectrons emitted from the substrate, and a magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field within the chamber and guide the photoelectrons from the substrate to the analyzer.

Abstract: The present invention describes a bolometric device with receiving cavity for measuring a beam of high frequency microwaves, comprising a hollow body (1) with receiving cavity (50) having an opening (2) for the entrance of said beam of high frequency microwaves in said receiving cavity (50), a diverging mirror (3) located in the lower part of said cavity (50) for reflecting said beam of microwaves on an absorbent coating material (4) applied on the internal surface (5) of the hollow body (1), a cooling circuit (7) for transferring the thermal energy accumulated on the absorbent coating material (4) and a circuit (6) for measuring the power of the beam of high frequency microwaves entering the hollow body (1). Said absorbent coating material (4) consists of boron carbide. In addition a procedure is described for coating with an absorbent material the internal surface (5) of a hollow body (1) being part of the aforementioned device for measuring a beam of high frequency microwaves (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A method for accurately measuring feature sizes and quantifying the beam spot size in a CDSEM at real time is provided. The inventive method is based on a scanning microscope and it works on both conductive and non-conductive features. The measurement of conductive feature includes first providing a conductive feature on a surface of a substrate (the substrate maybe an insulator, a semiconductor or a material stack thereof). The conductive feature is then connected to ground and thereafter an electron beam probe raster scans the sample. When the electron beam probe hits the conductive feature the spot will have a negative potential. The potential difference between the spot and the ground will induce an electrical current flow. When the electrical beam is off the conductive feature, there will be no current flow. Therefore, by measuring the current response to the location of the beam spot, the dimension of the conductive feature can be derived.

Abstract: Output optical energy pulses including relatively high energy magnitudes at the beginning of each pulse are disclosed. As a result of the relatively high energy magnitudes which lead each pulse, the leading edge of each pulse includes a relatively large slope. This slope is preferably greater than or equal to 5. Additionally, the full-width half-max value of the output optical energy distributions are between 0.025 and 250 microseconds and, more preferably, are about 70 microseconds. A flashlamp is used to drive the laser system, and a current is used to drive the flashlamp. A flashlamp current generating circuit includes a solid core inductor which has an inductance of 50 microhenries and a capacitor which has a capacitance of 50 microfarads.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a means to use at least a form of electromagnetic excitation or light-matter interaction, including solar or laser energy to generate localized conditions that enable initiation and spatial and temporal control of catalysis, chemical reactions, deposition, synthesis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and catalytic processes. Initiation and spatial and temporal control may be obtained by restricting and directing the electromagnetic excitation or light-matter interactions to specific objects or features embedded or located in or on a host matrix material or substrate. In some implementations this provides a means to use electromagnetic excitation to initiate and control chemical synthesis or reactions without entirely or partially heating any of or all of the reaction chamber, reactor mass, reaction precursors and products, or reactor substrate. It may further provide for the use of temperature sensitive elements or substrates.

Abstract: A device, system and method for measuring the one-way velocity of light using selective transmission technology to provide a “superluminal” energy flow is provided. The “superluminal” transmitter comprises a transmission source, a receiver, and a selective-transmission device for receiving the transmission wavepacket from the transmission source and selectively transmitting the wavefront component of the transmission wavepacket through a barrier such that the energy transmission tunnels through the barrier at “superluminal” group velocities. The measured daily oscillation of the tunnel time can then be utilized to measure the one way light velocity. A system and method for measuring the vector phase or group velocity of light using the “superluminal” transmitter system of the invention is also provided as well as a device which can be utilized as a compass, a calendar and/or a clock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a component support (29) for use in a radioisotope generator, the component support comprising a latching member (5) movable between an engaging position and an open position characterised by further including a bracing member (13) mechanically associated with the latching member and adapted to prevent movement of the latching member to the open position.

Abstract: A method for operating a coincidence imaging system is provided. The method includes receiving samples from a detector output and determining an intersection of a first line corresponding to a baseline portion of the detector output samples and a second line corresponding to a pulse rise portion of the detector output samples.

Abstract: A radiation shielding arrangement for shielding high-energy neutron radiation and gamma radiation from high-energy particle accelerators or storage rings includes a shielding element made of water-containing material, for example with chemically bound water or water of crystallization, in particular gypsum. The water component of the material preferably makes up at least 5, 10 or 20 percent by weight. The hydrogen nuclei or protons contained therein moderate neutrons in a virtually ideal manner because of the almost identical mass and the maximum pulse transformation associated with this.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic system operating under irradiation and to a process for designing such a system making it possible to determine a first group (21) of components with high integration and vulnerability intended to be selectively protected by a shield (22), the remainder of the components (20) not benefiting from such a protection. One application of the process is for an electronic control system of a mobile robot able to function in the presence of ionizing radiation (typically gamma radiation).

Abstract: A method for storing nuclear fuel in a container (10) including a concrete body and a fuel receiver embedded in the concrete body, comprises the steps of: providing formwork (62) for the concrete body and supporting the fuel receiver within the formwork; placing the formwork in an immersed position in a pool (54) containing a body of water; placing concrete in the immersed formwork (62); and removing the formwork with the concrete body cast therein from the pool (52).

Abstract: A gravitational wave generating device comprising an energizing means which act upon energizable elements such as molecules, atoms, nuclei or nuclear particles in order to create nuclear reactions or collisions, the products of which can move in a single preferred direction with an attendant impulse (jerk or harmonic oscillation) of an ensemble of target nuclei or other energizable elements over a very brief time period. The target nuclei or energizable elements acting in concert generate a gravitational wave. A preferred embodiment involves the use of a pulsed particle beam moving at the local gravitational wave speed in a target mass, which is comprised of target nuclei, to trigger a nuclear reaction and build up a coherent gravitational wave as the particles of the beam move through the target mass and impact target nuclei over very short time spans.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to radiant energy systems and more particularly to systems exhibiting the retroreflection principle wherein the system comprises a focusing means and a surface exhibiting some degree of reflectivity positioned near the focal plane of the device, and wherein incident radiation falling within the field-of-view of said system is reflected back in a direction which is parallel to the incident radiation. The present invention has great applicability in military optical system applications for detecting the presence of an enemy employing surveillance equipment and for neutralizing this surveillance capability.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to radiant energy systems and more particularly to systems exhibiting the retroreflection principle wherein the system comprises a focusing means and a surface exhibiting some degree of reflectivity positioned near the focal plane of the device, and wherein incident radiation falling within the field-of-view of said system is reflected back in a direction which is parallel to the incident radiation. The present invention has great applicability in military optical system applications for detecting the presence of an enemy employing surveillance equipment and for neutralizing this surveillance capability.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to radiant energy systems and more particularly to systems exhibiting the retroreflection principle wherein the system comprises a focusing means and a surface exhibiting some degree of reflectivity positioned near the focal plane of the device, and wherein incident radiation falling within the field-of-view of said system is reflected back in a direction which is parallel to the incident radiation. The present invention has great applicability in military optical system applications for detecting the presence of an enemy employing surveillance equipment and for neutralizing this surveillance capability.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to radiant energy systems and more particularly to systems exhibiting the retroreflection principle wherein the system comprises a focusing means and a surface exhibiting some degree of reflectivity positioned near the focal plane of the device, and wherein incident radiation falling within the field-of-view of said system is reflected back in a direction which is parallel to the incident radiation. The present invention has great applicability in military optical system applications for detecting the presence of an enemy employing surveillance equipment and for neutralizing this surveillance capability.