Abstract: A light emitting device and a light source module are provided. The light emitting device includes a base, a conductive unit, a light unit, and a package. The base includes a first substrate and n through holes, and the through holes pass through the first substrate. The conductive unit includes m conductors that are separate from each other, and the conductors pass through the first substrate. The light unit is electrically connected to the conductors. The package includes a first package body surrounding the light unit and a second package body covering the light unit and the first package body. The first package body and the second package body have different optical properties. Furthermore, m and n are integers greater than or equal to 2, and m is greater than or equal to n.

Abstract: An induction heating circuit for an appliance, the induction heating circuit comprising: an AC power supply with an AC monitoring output connected to the active line of the AC power supply, the AC monitoring output providing an indication of current being drawn from the AC power supply; a control circuit comprising at least one processor and a semiconductor current sensor, the semiconductor current sensor arranged to i) detect the current being drawn from the AC power supply and ii) output an output voltage based on the detected current; and an induction driving circuit for driving an inductor of the appliance comprising a semiconductor switch, wherein the semiconductor switch is controlled by the processor based on, at least, the output voltage.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical sensor package. The optical sensor package includes: a substrate; a sensor disposed on the substrate; a glass cover disposed directly on the sensor; and a cap disposed on the substrate comprised of a solid perimeter surrounding the sensor and a ceiling having a cut-out section above the glass cover. The thickness of the cap is 0.20 mm.

Abstract: An optical sensor includes a light receiver and a circuit portion electrically connected to the light receiver, and the circuit portion includes a substrate, an electronic component on the substrate, a resin covering the electronic component, and a metal pillar electrically connected to the electronic component and including a portion covered with the resin and a portion exposed from the resin, and the light receiver is located on the circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-core optical fiber having a plurality of cores extending parallelly along a central axis of the multi-core optical fiber. Each core of the plurality of cores is up-doped with an up-dopant. The multi-core optical fiber further has a plurality of buffer layers such that each buffer layer of the plurality of buffer layers envelop a corresponding core of the plurality of cores. Each buffer layer of the plurality of buffer layers has a predefined buffer layer thickness. The multi-core optical fiber further has a plurality of trench layers such that each trench layer of the plurality of trench layers envelops a corresponding buffer layer of the plurality of buffer layers. Each trench layer of the plurality of trench layers is down-doped with a down-dopant. The multi-core optical fiber has an inter-core crosstalk of less than ?30 decibel/kilometres (dB/km) at a wavelength of 1550 nanometres (nm).

Abstract: Methods and systems for non-contact temperature measurement of an object on which is attached or etched a diffraction grating. The diffraction grating expands and contracts as the object expands and contracts upon there being a change in temperature of the object. Upon a light beam being received on the diffraction grating, the diffraction grating produces a pair of complementary light beams and one of the light beams is reflected back onto the diffraction grating and then onto the other light beam in a manner that causes the reflected light beam to propagate alongside and non-parallel to the other light beam. The resultant two light beams are thereafter impinged onto a camera at respective first and second impingement locations. The temperature of the object is then determined based on the separation distance between the first and second impingement locations.

Abstract: In a light detection device, the light detection unit includes an APD, a plurality of temperature compensation diodes, and a terminal electrically connecting the APD and the plurality of temperature compensation diodes in parallel with each other. The plurality of temperature compensation diodes is configured to provide temperature compensation for the gain of the APD. The light detection unit has a light detection region and temperature detection regions. The APD is provided in the light detection region. The temperature detection regions are located around the light detection region. The plurality of temperature compensation diodes are provided in the temperature detection regions. The light detection region is interposed between the temperature detection region and the temperature detection region.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include methods for determining a parameter of a photodetector (e.g., a photodetector in a particle analyzer). Methods according to certain embodiments include irradiating a photodetector positioned in a particle analyzer with a light source (e.g., a continuous wave light source) at a first intensity for a first predetermined time interval, irradiating the photodetector with the light source at a second intensity for a second predetermined time interval, integrating data signals from the photodetector over a period of time that includes the first predetermined interval and the second predetermined interval and determining one or more parameters of the photodetector based on the integrated data signals. Systems (e.g., particle analyzers) having light source and a photodetector for practicing the subject methods are also described.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a detection device includes: a substrate; a plurality of photodiodes provided to the substrate and arranged in a first direction; a plurality of lenses provided so as to overlap the photodiodes; and a light-blocking layer provided between the photodiodes and the lenses and having a plurality of openings. More than one of the openings is provided in each of regions overlapping the respective photodiodes, and an arrangement direction of the openings in each of the regions overlapping the respective photodiodes is at an angle to the first direction.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically detecting unauthorized entry into a pool requiring no user involvement, and having a high degree of accuracy. The system comprises a plurality of light beam emitter devices and a plurality of light beam receiver devices positioned about the pool and a processor in communication with the plurality of light beam emitter devices and the plurality of light beam receiver devices. The plurality of light beam emitter devices emit a plurality of light beams and the plurality of light beam receiver devices receive a plurality of emitted light beams to form a grid extending across a the pool. Additionally, the processor monitors the grid, detects unauthorized entry into the pool based on an interruption of the grid, and generates and transmits an alarm message based on whether a level of the interruption of the grid exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically detecting unauthorized entry into a pool requiring no user involvement, and having a high degree of accuracy. The system comprises a plurality of light beam emitter devices and a plurality of light beam receiver devices positioned along an interior perimeter of the pool and a processor in communication with the plurality of light beam emitter devices and the plurality of light beam receiver devices. The plurality of light beam emitter devices emit a plurality of light beams and the plurality of light beam receiver devices receive a plurality of emitted light beams to form a grid extending across a the pool. Additionally, the processor monitors the grid, detects unauthorized entry into the pool based on an interruption of the grid, and generates and transmits an alarm message based on whether a level of the interruption of the grid exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display device, which is divided into a camera placement area and a non-camera placement area, including a backlight module, a display module, and a camera. The display module includes an array substrate and a color filter substrate opposite to the array substrate. The array substrate and the color filter substrate together form a cell. Wherein, the display module provides fingerprint sensors corresponding to the camera placement area of the display device.

Abstract: A system is disclosed which includes a laser which has a calibrated optical power and a calibrated tolerance. The system includes a driving circuit configured to generate a first current pulse and a second current pulse. The system includes a primary observer module configured to observe a first and second primary input. The system includes one or more secondary observer modules configured to observe one or more first and one or more second secondary inputs. The system includes a controller communicatively coupled to the laser, driving circuit, primary observer module, and the one or more secondary observer modules. The controller is configured to receive an information packet, calculate an optical power, determine a deviation of the optical power from the calibrated optical power, compare the deviation with the calibrated tolerance, and perform an action if the deviation exceeds the calibrated tolerance.

Abstract: A method for forming a molded proximity sensor with an optical resin lens and the structure formed thereby. A light sensor chip is placed on a substrate, such as a printed circuit board, and a diode, such as a laser diode, is positioned on top of the light sensor chip and electrically connected to a bonding pad on the light sensor chip. Transparent, optical resin in liquid form is applied as a drop over the light sensor array on the light sensor chip as well as over the light-emitting diode. After the optical resin is cured, a molding compound is applied to an entire assembly, after which the assembly is polished to expose the lenses and have a top surface flush with the top surface of the molding compound.

Abstract: An optical system for architectural lighting products includes an optical chain including an LED light source, a first optic begin a spherical ball lens and a second optic disposed to intercept and modify at least a portion of a beam projected by the ball lens.

Abstract: An image acquisition system includes a source of a radiation, an image sensor including an array of photodetectors capable of detecting the radiation and including a surface, and an angular filter, covering the sensor, and capable of blocking the rays of the radiation having an incidence relative to a direction orthogonal to the surface greater than a threshold and of giving way to at least certain rays of the radiation having an incidence relative to a direction orthogonal to the surface smaller than the threshold.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a flat panel display embedding an optical imaging sensor such as a fingerprint image sensor. The present disclosure provides a flat panel display embedding an optical image sensor comprising: a display panel including a display area and a sensing area defined in the display area; a barrier plate having a light transparent area corresponding to the sensing area and disposed at a rear surface of the display panel; and a light sensor disposed under the barrier plate corresponding to the light transparent area.

Abstract: A document feeder includes an input tray (part of a document placing portion) on which a document is placed, an output tray on which the document output from a document output port in an output direction is stacked, and a substrate including a light source that emits light to the output tray. The output tray is disposed below the input tray. The substrate is fixed to the document placing portion at an oblique angle relative to a horizontal reference of the document feeder such that the optical axis of the light source extends toward the document output port.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a mounting surface, a plurality of internal terminals disposed on the mounting surface, a light-receiving element mounted on the mounting surface, a light-emitting element mounted on the mounting surface, a first bonding wire and a light-transmitting element. The light-receiving element has a light-receiving region that detects light and a plurality of element pad portions. At least one of the plurality of element pad portions is electrically connected to the light-receiving region. The light-emitting element is spaced apart from the light-receiving element along a first direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the substrate. The first bonding wire connects one of the plurality of element pad portions of the light-receiving element to one of the plurality of internal terminals. The first bonding wire is located on a side of the light-receiving element opposite the light-emitting element along the first direction.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a lens of refractive index n having a spherical exit surface of radius R and a luminous element positioned such that at least a portion of an edge of an emitting surface of the luminous element lies on a sphere of radius R/n opposite the exit surface, whereby that portion of the edge of the emitting surface is aplanatically imaged by the spherical exit surface. The light-emitting device may further include one or more reflective sidewalls arranged to reflect a fraction of light emitted from the luminous element before it is refracted by the exit surface. A luminaire incorporating a housing and a light-emitting device of this type is also provided, which may include one or more additional optical elements such as reflectors or lenses to further direct and shape light from the light-emitting device.

Abstract: A SMT LED light string which the ICs with IDs are embedded in the light beads; wherein the light string is formed by connecting a plurality of SMT LED light beads which the IC control chips with IDs are set inside. All of the corresponding IC control chips with IDs for the SMT LED light beads can be controlled because the IC control chips with IDs are set in the SMT LED light beads. Therefore, the stable and orderly flashing can be achieved, and the lighting effects such as the line-up, the progression, and the chasing . . . , etc. can also be made. No matter for a monochrome light string or a colored light string, the effective control can both be achieved to make the various lighting effects because the IC control chips with IDs are set in the SMT LED light beads.

Abstract: A parallel circuit for light emitting diodes includes a first power wire, a second power wire, a first light emitting diode, a second light emitting diode, and a second impedance element. The first LED includes a first turn-on voltage, and two ends of the first LED are respectively connected to the first power wire and the second power wire. The second LED includes a second turn-on voltage, and the first turn-on voltage is different from the second turn-on voltage. The second impedance element and the second LED are connected to form a second series circuit. One end of the second series circuit is electrically connected to the first power wire, while the other end of the second series circuit is electrically connected to the second power wire. In the parallel circuit, different LEDs are respectively driven by different voltages to emit light with pre-determined brightness.

Abstract: A light emitting device of a side-surface light emission type includes a package defining a recess and having a shape elongated in a lateral direction, the package including a pair of lead electrodes arranged next to each other in the lateral direction and forming main portions of a bottom of the recess, and a molded body integrally formed with the pair of lead electrodes and defining sidewalls of the recess, and a light emitting element disposed on at least one of the pair of lead electrodes at the bottom of the recess. The molded body has a reinforcing portion connecting between two sidewalls of the recess opposite to each other in a longitudinal direction. The reinforcing portion is made of two end portions respectively connected to the two sidewalls, and an intermediate portion provided between the two end portions.

Abstract: An optoelectronic element includes an optoelectronic unit, a first metal layer, a second metal layer, a conductive layer and a transparent structure. The optoelectronic unit has a central line in a top view, a top surface, and a bottom surface. The second metal layer is formed on the top surface, and has an extension portion crossing over the central line and extending to the first metal layer. The conductive layer covers the first metal layer and the extension portion. The transparent structure covers the bottom surface without covering the top surface.

Abstract: A total internal reflection photoconductive switch and method of activating such a switch, where the switch includes a pair of electrodes on opposite sides of a photoconductive material having a substantially-rectangular prism geometry. The substantially-rectangular prism geometry includes four edge facets, two opposing electrode-connection facets separated by the edge facets, and at least one input facet located at a corner of the substantially-rectangular prism geometry that is positioned between two edge facets and the two electrode-connection facets, for receiving light therethrough into the photoconductive material at angles supporting total internal reflection.

Abstract: A hand-held controller is enables a user to manipulate objects in a VR environment with hand movement. The hand-held controller includes a handle, a ring attached to an end of the handle and one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs). The handle has appropriate shape and dimensions so that it can be grasped by the user's hand. The ring has an outer body that includes an inner surface that is formed with one or more concave dome and an outer surface facing away from the inner surface. Each of the one or more LED is mounted under a concaved dome. Light emitted from the LED spreads at the concaved dome to form uniform illuminous intensity. The light transmits out of the body through the outer surface of the outer body. The light can be captured by a camera for tracking the hand-held controller.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a flexible display panel for fingerprint recognition, a display device and a fingerprint recognition method. The flexible display panel for fingerprint recognition includes a flexible substrate base plate and a cover plate provided opposite to each other to form a cell, wherein the flexible substrate base plate includes a first flexible layer; a light shielding layer disposed below the first flexible layer, wherein the light shielding layer has a fingerprint recognition area, and the light shielding layer at the fingerprint recognition area has a plurality of imaging holes arranged in an array; a fingerprint acquisition element disposed on a side of the flexible substrate base plate away from the cover plate and opposite to the fingerprint recognition area; and a functional film layer disposed between the flexible substrate base plate and the cover plate.

Abstract: A light-detecting device and method for converting optical radiation on switched conductivity diodes. The device comprises one or more photosensitive cells connected to address and signal lines, each cell comprising the following elements connected in series: a photodetector, an initial charge input circuit, a charge converter for converting the charge generated by the photodetector signal in addition to the initial charge into photodetector output voltage, a comparator which converts the difference between the photodetector output voltage and reference voltage into a digital cell signal, a reading circuit for reading the digital cell signal through the address lines and the signal lines, a circuit for generating digital codes of the cell signal, a random access memory for storing the digital codes, a reading circuit for reading the digital codes of the cell signals on one or more outputs of the light-detecting device.

Abstract: A light source device includes a semiconductor light source, a light source control section, an optical sensor, a sensor control section, and an intensity adjusting section. The light source control section controls a light quantity per field of light to be emitted from the semiconductor light source, by pulse width modulation. The optical sensor receives the light emitted from the semiconductor light source to acquire a quantity of the received light. The sensor control section controls the optical sensor to detect the light in an exposure period shorter than a minimum pulse width in the pulse width modulation, thereby acquiring the quantity of the received light which is acquired by the optical sensor. The intensity adjusting section adjusts emission intensity of the semiconductor light source on the basis of the quantity of the received light.

Abstract: A buoyant illuminated board having a board assembly with a deck, a bottom, first and second lateral sides, and at least one aperture. An electrical system has a power source, and at least one light source within the at least one aperture. A hatch assembly has a lid, and a housing that defines a cavity. The electrical system further comprises a controller, an amplifier, and a battery charger connector that are housed within the hatch assembly along with the power source. The at least one aperture may be elongated to define a channel. The at least one light source is a bulb, a light, a lamp, a light-emitting diode, a light-emitting diode strip, or rope lighting. The board assembly also has an exterior cover that covers the at least one light source within the at least one aperture, and may have a battery charger to recharge the power source.

Abstract: Optical systems can emit train(s) of light pulses onto objects to derive a distance between the light source and the object. Achieving meter or centimeter resolution may require very short light pulses. It is not trivial to design a circuit that can generate narrow current pulses for driving a diode that emits the light pulses. An improved driver circuit has a pre-charge path comprising one or more inductive elements and a fire path comprising the diode. Switches in the driver circuit are controlled with predefined states during different intervals to pre-charge current in the one or more inductive elements prior to flowing current through the fire path to pulse the diode.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a lens of refractive index n having a spherical exit surface of radius R and a luminous element positioned such that at least a portion of an edge of an emitting surface of the luminous element lies on a sphere of radius R/n opposite the exit surface, whereby that portion of the edge of the emitting surface is aplanatically imaged by the spherical exit surface. The light-emitting device may further include one or more reflective sidewalls arranged to reflect a fraction of light emitted from the luminous element before it is refracted by the exit surface. A luminaire incorporating a housing and a light-emitting device of this type is also provided, which may include one or more additional optical elements such as reflectors or lenses to further direct and shape light from the light-emitting device.

Abstract: A chip substrate includes conductive portions, an insulation portion and a cavity. The conductive portions are laminated in one direction to constitute the chip substrate. The insulation portion is interposed between the conductive portions to electrically isolate the conductive portions. The cavity is formed on an upper surface of the chip substrate at a predetermined depth in a region including the insulation portion. The cavity is defined by a plurality of continuously-extending curved surfaces having predetermined radii of curvature.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device includes a lead frame 1 covered by a resin package 2. The lead frame 1 includes first and second leads 1A and 1B facing each other. The first and second leads 1A and 1B include inner lead sections 11 and 12 covered with the package 2, respectively. The first and second leads 1A and 1B include outer lead sections 13 protruding from package 2 ends. First and second exposed surfaces 51 and 52 are exposed from the package 2 in the first and second lead lower surfaces, respectively. The first lead 1A is longer than the second lead 1B. An LED 3 is mounted on the first lead upper surface. The second lead 1B includes second end portions 15 extending in the second exposed surface 52 from the both ends of the facing surface toward the first lead 1A.

Abstract: An illumination device and method is provided herein for controlling individual light emitting diodes (LEDs) in an LED illumination device, so that a desired luminous flux and a desired chromaticity of the device can be maintained over time as the LEDs age. According to one embodiment, the method comprises applying drive currents to a plurality of LED chains substantially continuously to produce illumination, measuring a photocurrent induced on the photodetector in response to the illumination produced by each LED chain, one LED chain at a time, and received by the photodetector, and measuring a forward voltage developed across the photodetector by applying a non-operative drive current to the photodetector.

Abstract: A light-detecting device and method for converting optical radiation on switched conductivity diodes. The device comprises one or more photosensitive cells connected to address and signal lines, each cell comprising the following elements connected in series: a photodetector, an initial charge input circuit, a charge converter for converting the charge generated by the photodetector signal in addition to the initial charge into photodetector output voltage, a comparator which converts the difference between the photodetector output voltage and reference voltage into a digital cell signal, a reading circuit for reading the digital cell signal through the address lines and the signal lines, a circuit for generating digital codes of the cell signal, a random access memory for storing the digital codes, a reading circuit for reading the digital codes of the cell signals on one or more outputs of the light-detecting device.

Abstract: An illumination device described herein includes at least a phosphor converted LED, which is configured for emitting illumination for the illumination device, a first photodetector and a second photodetector. A spectrum of the illumination emitted from the phosphor converted LED comprises a first portion having a first peak emission wavelength and a second portion having a second peak emission wavelength, which differs from the first peak emission wavelength. The first photodetector has a detection range, which is configured for detecting only the first portion of the spectrum emitted by the phosphor converted LED. The second photodetector has a detection range, which is configured for detecting only the second portion of the spectrum emitted by the phosphor converted LED. Methods are provided herein for calibrating and controlling each portion of the phosphor converted LED spectrum, as if the phosphor converted LED were two separate LEDs.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) packaging structure including a metal pad, an electric static discharge (ESD) protection element and an LED chip is provided. The metal pad has a first pad portion having a first top surface with a first concave configured thereon and a second pad portion having a second top surface with a second concave configured thereon. The ESD protection element has two first electrode portions respectively configured in the first concave and the second concave. The LED chip is located above the ESD protection element and has two second electrode portions respectively configured on the first top surface and the second top surface. A frame and a light emitting device having the frame that both include the above LED packaging structure are described herein. A light emitting device having an omni-directional light emitting effect is also described and includes the above LED packaging structure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a decorative light string including a first light strand, a power supply, a controller, and an electrical connector. The first light strand includes a plurality of parallel connected light emitting elements. The power supply is configured to convert alternating current (AC) line power to direct voltage (DC) voltage power to power the first light strand. The controller is operatively coupled to the first light strand and the power supply. The controller is configured to control the plurality of light emitting elements. The electrical connector couples a first light strand to a second decorative light string via the AC line power.

Abstract: An active clamp current sink is used to voltage protect a low voltage rated, high power current sink that drives illumination current through a string of serially connected LEDs. When the LEDs are turned off as part of a PWM configuration, the forward voltage on the LEDs falls, and the voltage presented to the low voltage rated, high power current sink rises. The active clamp current sink monitors the voltage across the high power current sink and ensures that an adequate current flows through the LEDs. This minimally adequate current maintains a sufficiently large forward voltage through the LEDs, and therefore a sufficiently small voltage is presented to the high power current sink.

Abstract: A photo-detecting device includes a first nitride layer, a light absorption layer disposed on the first nitride layer, and a Schottky junction layer disposed on the light absorption layer. According to a photoluminescence (PL) properties measurement of the photo-detecting device, a first peak light intensity is greater than a second peak light intensity, and the first peak light intensity is a peak light intensity of light emitted from the light absorption layer, and the second peak light intensity is a peak light intensity of light emitted from the first nitride layer.

Abstract: A field emission device and a method of driving the multi-electrode field emission device having a single driving power source are disclosed. The field emission device includes a cathode electrode, one or more gate electrodes, a voltage division unit, and a power source unit. The cathode electrode is figured such that at least one emitter is formed thereon. The gate electrodes are disposed between an anode electrode and the cathode electrode, and each have one or more openings through which electrons emitted from the emitter can pass. The voltage division unit has one or more divider resistors, and divides a voltage applied from the power source unit using the divider resistors and then applies partial voltages to the one or more gate electrodes. The power source unit includes a single power source, and applies the voltage to the voltage division unit.

Abstract: An optoelectronic semiconductor chip includes a semiconductor layer sequence having an active layer provided for generating radiation. The semiconductor chip can be operated in a first operating mode and in a second operating mode. The semiconductor layer sequence emits radiation in the first operating mode, while the semiconductor layer sequence emits no radiation in the second operating mode. The semiconductor layer sequence is operated in the forward direction in the first operating mode and in the reverse direction in the second operating mode. A display including a number of semiconductor chips of this type and a use as a motor vehicle headlight are furthermore specified.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for fabricating a plurality of optoelectronic devices, and the optoelectronic devices resulting from such methods. One such method includes performing through silicon via (TSV) processing on a wafer, which includes a plurality of light detector sensor regions, to thereby form a plurality of vias, and then tenting and plating the vias and performing wafer back metallization. Thereafter, plurality of light source dies are attached to a top surface of the wafer, and a light transmissive material is then molded to encapsulate the light detector sensor regions and the light sensor dies therein. Additionally, opaque barriers including opaque optical crosstalk barriers are fabricated. Further, solder balls or other electrical connectors are attached to the bottom of the wafer. The wafer is eventually diced to separate the wafer into a plurality of optoelectronic devices.

Abstract: A scanning optical system includes: a galvanometer mirror that reflects and deflects a light beam emitted from a light source, and an f? lens that focuses the deflected light beam on a scanning target surface. The f? lens is constituted by a first lens, which is a spherical lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens, which is a spherical lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens, which is a spherical lens having a negative refractive power, and a fourth lens, which is a spherical lens having a positive refractive power, provided in this order from the side of the galvanometer mirror. The scanning optical system satisfies Conditional Formula (1) below: 2.529?f/f1?8.437??(1) wherein f is the focal length of the entire f? lens, and f1 is the focal length of the first lens.

Abstract: A light source includes a semiconductor light emitter having an electrical drive input and operatively configured to emit a light beam; a first weakly polarizing beam splitter positioned to capture the light beam, reflecting one portion, and transmitting another portion with an output intensity P. The light source includes a second polarizing beam splitter positioned to capture the reflected portion of the light beam and split it into first and second detector light beams of orthogonal polarizations. The light source further includes first and second detectors capturing those detector light beams, and is configured to deliver corresponding first and second output signals from corresponding detector outputs. The light source includes an electronic circuit coupled to those electrical outputs and to the electrical drive input of the light emitter.

Abstract: A solid state light source module includes two solid state light sources, a light combining device for combining the lights from the two sources, a color wheel receiving the combined light and alternatingly outputting at least two primary color lights, a sync signal generator coupled to the color wheel for generating a periodic sync signal, and a controller for supplying a drive signal to each solid state light sources based on the sync signal. During at least one sub-period of the period, one of the two solid state light sources is turned on by its drive signal and the other one is kept in an inactive state by its drive signal.

Abstract: A device for emitting electromagnetic radiation includes at least one optical semiconductor element configured to generate electromagnetic radiation, at least one photodiode, and at least one beam splitter. The beam splitter is arranged relative to the optical semiconductor element and the photodiode in such a way that one portion of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the optical semiconductor element passes through the beam splitter and a further portion of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the optical semiconductor element is reflected by the beam splitter and is directed onto the photodiode.

Abstract: A dual usage HCG VCSEL detector is provided with a high contrast grating (HCG) reflector first reflector that has a two dimensional periodic structure. The two dimensional structure is a periodic structure that is a symmetric structure with periodic repeating. The symmetrical structure provides that polarization modes of light are undistinguishable. A second reflector is in an opposing relationship to the first reflector. A tunable optical cavity is between the first and second reflectors. An active region is positioned in the cavity between the first and second reflectors. The photodetector is polarization independent. An MQW light absorber is included converts light to electrons. A dual usage HCG VCSEL-detector includes a high contrast grating (HCG) reflector first reflector, and a second reflector in an opposing relationship to the first reflector. A tunable optical cavity is between the first and second reflectors. An active region is positioned in the cavity between the first and second reflectors.

Abstract: An integrated quantum random noise source includes a substrate, an optical oscillator that may be integral to the substrate coupled by an optical waveguide to an optical directional coupler. The optical directional coupler has two outputs that are coupled by optical waveguides to a pair of photodetectors that are part of a balanced photodetector. The balanced photodetector in response outputs an analogue signal proportional to the difference in photocurrents of the two photodetectors. The analogue output signal from the balanced photodetector is a random Gaussian-distributed signal representative of quadrature measurements on the quantum vacuum state of light. The random noise source can be coupled other apparatus to provide a source of random bits.