Abstract: The polymerization of polar vinyl monomers in the presence of Lewis acids produces stereoregular vinyl polymers. Polar vinyl monomers may be mixed with Lewis acids to form associations or complexes between the monomers and Lewis acids. The mixtures or monomer-Lewis acid complexes may be polymerized to produce the desire stereoregular vinyl polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed is method for increasing the efficiency of a dirhodium catalyst. The method includes providing a dirhodium catalyst, providing an organic ester, and contacting the dirhodium catalyst and the organic ester under conditions effective to increase the efficiency of the dirhodium catalyst. The organic ester is selected such that it is not a substrate for catalysis by the dirhodium catalyst. Dirhodium catalyst compositions which include a dirhodium catalyst and an organic ester are also disclosed. In these compositions, the organic ester is not a substrate for catalysis by the dirhodium catalyst. The method and compositions can be used in a number of reactions, including insertion reactions (e.g., C—H insertions, Si—H insertions, O—H insertions, and N—H insertions) cyclopropanation reactions, annulations (e.g., [3+2] annulations and [3+4] annulations), and ?,?-diarylalkanoate syntheses.

Abstract: A method for preparing alkyldichlorosilanes having a Si—H bond by directly reacting metallic silicon with a mixture of alkyl chloride and (i) hydrogen chloride, or (ii) an alkyl chloride which can generate hydrogen chloride at a reaction temperature in the presence of copper catalyst.

Abstract: A stabilizer composition, suitable for use in polyvinyl chloride compositions, can be formed by reacting a mixture of monoalkyltin trichloride, such as butyltin trichloride, and dialkyltin dichloride, such as dibutyltin dichloride, with at least one carboxylic acid, such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and 2-mercaptoethanol, in the presence of base, followed by reaction of the resulting product with a sulfide reagent, such as sodium sulfide. The final composition comprises a complex mixture of alkyl tin carboxylates and/or mercaptides, and of monoalkyltin sulfides and dialkyltin sulfides.

Abstract: The rate of aminolysis of butyrolactones is predictably adjusted by attaching a substituent having a known field effect value (F) to the alpha position before reacting the substituted buytrolactone with an amine. The aminolysis product is a gamma-hydroxy amide. The resulting materials are useful as the cross-linking agents in a variety of coatings and coatings processes.

Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for preventing uncontrolled exothermic reaction in the presence of a catalyst. A catalyst deployed as a finely divided powder which is attached to the surface of a low melting point wax or wax-like material which is utilized as a carrier for the catalyst. During operation should the catalyst overheat due to uncontrolled conditions brought about by a run-away reaction the heat of reaction melts the low melting point wax which would itself wet the surface of the catalyst and prevent further catalysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bis(2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide) copper salt coated with one or more compounds selected from glycerin, dialkyl phthalate, lubricating oil, acrylic resin, rosin, fatty acid amide, dialkyl polysulfide, polybutene, paraffin and petrolatum. The coated copper salt does not scatter, so that it is easy to handle, and is superior in safety and workability. In addition, the copper salt does not suffer from any adverse influence on the inherent storage stability or antifouling effect by being coated. Therefore, a coating for the bottom of a ship having a superior antifouling effect and storage stability can be obtained.

Abstract: Provided are methods of deacidifying a cellulose-based material by providing a deacidification composition comprising a hydrofluorocarbon and a deacidification agent dispersed within the hydrofluorocarbon, and contacting the cellulose-based material with the composition to increase the pH associated with the cellulose-based material. Also provided are deacidification compositions for use in the present methods.

Abstract: An inhibitor mixture containing, as components, a) at least one nitroxyl radical (derivative), b) at least one phenol (derivative) and c) at least one chemical compound which contains at least one phosphorus atom which has the oxidation state +3 is preferably used for stabilizing compounds capable of free radical polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bis(2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide) copper salt coated with one or more compounds selected from glycerin, dialkyl phthalate, lubricating oil, acrylic resin, rosin, fatty acid amide, dialkyl polysulfide, polybutene, paraffin and petrolatum. The coated copper salt does not scatter, so that it is easy to handle, and is superior in safety and workability. In addition, the copper salt does not suffer from any adverse influence on the inherent storage stability or antifouling effect by being coated. Therefore, a coating for the bottom of a ship having a superior antifouling effect and storage stability can be obtained.

Abstract: A partially soluble lanthanide compound and methods for use in removing phosphate from water. Preferably the compound is used in removing phosphate from water in swimming pools, spas, and similar structures. Alternatively, a combination of compounds having varying solubilities may be used to remove phosphate from water. Several water treatment techniques are disclosed, as well as a variety of different methods for delivery of the active ingredients. These delivery methods include use of a slurry of the active reagent in solution as well as a tablet, powder, or granulated structure. Additionally, the water treatment techniques may incorporate the use of a combination including both enzymatic compositions and compounds for phosphate removal.

Abstract: A non-chrome containing composition and process are disclosed for enhancing the corrosion resistance of zinc or zinc alloy surfaces. The composition comprises a source of titanium ions or titanates, an oxidant and fluorides or complex fluorides. The composition also preferably comprises an organic acid and/or a Group II metal compound, preferably a Group II metal chloride.

Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for preventing uncontrolled exothermic reaction in the presence of a catalyst. A catalyst deployed as a finely divided powder which is attached to the surface of a low melting point wax or wax-like material which is utilized as a carrier for the catalyst. During operation should the catalyst overheat due to uncontrolled conditions brought about by a run-away reaction the heat of reaction melts the low melting point wax which would itself wet the surface of the catalyst and prevent further catalysis.

Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for the hydroxylation of aromatic substrates in the presence of oxygen, hydrogen, and a catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, benzene is oxidized to phenol in the presence of oxygen, a vanadium catalyst, and hydrogen. The method is economical, safe, and amenable to commercial scale-up.

Abstract: Metal organic compounds comprising three or four atoms of cobalt or nickel, each linked through oxygen atoms to aluminum, silicon or titanium and comprising a combination of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid residues are useful as adhesion promoters to promote the adhesion of brass coated steel to vulcanized rubber.

Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for the oxidation of aromatic substrates in the presence of oxygen, a catalyst, a proton source, and a non-gaseous reductant. In a preferred embodiment, benzene is oxidized to phenol in the presence of oxygen, a vanadyl catalyst, trifluoroacetic acid as a proton source, and ferrocene as a reductant. The method is economical, safe, and amenable to commercial scale-up.

Abstract: An organometallic composition comprises a complex of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium and an acetoacetate ester in which the molar ratio of Ti or Hf to acetoacetate ester is in the range 1:2.5 to 1:10 or the molar ratio of Zr to acetoacetate ester is in the range 1:4.5 to 1:10 and said acetoacetate ester is an ester of an alcohol containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The organometallic composition is useful in polyisocyanate compositions, particularly those used as binders for lignocellulosic materials, and polyisocyanate compositions containing the organometallic compositions of the invention have good stability on storage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an activated metal oxide and methods for removing sulfur compounds from fluids, whereby the activated metal oxide includes an amount of metal oxide and an amount of ethoxylated fatty amine, with the ethoxylated fatty amine increasing the rate of reactivity between the metal oxide and the sulfur compounds, which include hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, mercaptans, and other organic sulfides. The ethoxylated tallow amines include ethoxylated tallow amine, ethoxylated cocoa amine, ethoxylated oleic amine, ethoxylated soya amine, ethoxylated palmatic amine, ethoxylated steric amine, and combinations thereof. The method involves activating the metal oxide, preferably iron oxide or zinc oxide, with an amount of ethoxylated fatty amine so that when fluids, such as water or liquid hydrocarbons, contact the metal oxide the sulfur compounds are removed.