Abstract: This invention relates to processes for the removal of phosphorous from aqueous waste streams comprising phosphorous-containing compounds produced in the manufacture of glyphosate, in order to meet and typically exceed environmental regulations. More particularly, various embodiments of the present invention relate to the removal of phosphorous-containing compounds utilizing biological treatment system(s), oxidizing agent(s), and/or precipitant(s). The processes of the invention are also applicable to the removal of phosphorous compounds from phosphorous-containing waste streams other than those waste streams resulting from the manufacture of glyphosate.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods relative to controlling hydration onset of an alkaline earth metal oxide such as calcium oxide, comprising heating an inorganic alkaline earth metal oxide to sub-calcination temperatures in the presence of organic material comprising a carbohydrate, an amino-carboxylic acid, a hydroxycarboxylic acid, or a mixture thereof. Preferred treated particles comprise at least 40% and more preferably at least 80% by dry weight calcium oxide which is heated in the presence of ascorbic acid and a starch. Treated particles of the present invention manifest an unexpected, surprising hydration induction postponement behavior as demonstrated through calorimetric testing.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition and a metal-ion battery employing the same are provided. The electrolyte composition includes a metal halide, a solvent, and an additive. The solvent is an ionic liquid or organic solvent. The molar ratio of the metal halide to the solvent is from 1:1 to 2.2:1. The amount of additive is from 1 wt % to 25 wt %, based on the total weight of the metal halide and the solvent. The additive is monochloroethane, trichlorethylene, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, methyl pyidine, methyl nicotinate, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A novel system and method for degassing H2S and H2Sx from liquid sulfur (sulphur) is disclosed. The system includes a degassing vessel with a plurality of cells. The cells include a sparging gas mat with a perforated surface at the bottom of the cell to allow the release of air bubbles (or sparging gas) into the cells. A catalyst may be used during the process. As a result, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen polysulfide are efficiently and effectively removed from the liquid sulfur.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dental curable composition which has excellent curability and which cures into a cured product that is less susceptible to discoloration by hydrogen sulfide in an oral environment. The present invention is a dental curable composition containing: a polymerizable monomer (a) having an acidic group, as a polymerizable monomer component; and a copper compound (b) and a benzotriazole compound (c) represented by the following general formula (1) and/or a benzimidazole compound (c) represented by the following general formula (2), as polymerization initiator components (symbols used in the formulae are as described in the description).

Abstract: A synthetic gel for crystal growth, which induces only secondary growth from the surface of a silicalite-1 or zeolite beta seed crystal and cannot induce crystal nucleation in the synthetic gel for crystal growth or on the surface of the seed crystal. The synthetic gel contains fumed silica, tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), [(NH4)2SiF6], KOH, and H2O, or contains tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), hydrogen fluoride, and H2O.

Abstract: A method for printing three dimensional objects and support compositions are disclosed. The composition includes at least one curable component and at least one non-curable component, the non-curable component being a polyol, a glycol or water, wherein none of said non-curable components is reactive with any of said curable components. The composition has a first viscosity of 20-500 cps at ambient temperature and a second viscosity of less than 20 cps at temperature higher than the ambient temperature. The composition results in a solid, a semi solid or a gel type material after radiation.

Abstract: An electrode material for a direct fuel cell or an electrochemical hydrogenation electrolytic tank, includes component A, or component B, or the mixture of component A and component B. The component A is any one of or a mixture of two or more than two of HnNb2O5, HnV2O5, HnMoO3, HnTa2O5 or HnWO3 at any ratio, where 0<n?4. The component B is any one of or a mixture of two or more than two of Nb2O5, V2O5, MoO3, Ta2O5, WO3 at any ratio.

Abstract: This invention relates to molecular catalysts and chemical reactions utilizing the same, and particularly to catalysts and catalytic methods for reduction of molecular nitrogen. The molecular catalytic platform provided herein is capable of the facile reduction of molecular nitrogen under useful conditions such as room temperature or less and atmospheric pressure or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photocatalyst, and methods for its use, that includes a photoactive material comprising a photonic band gap and an electronic band gap, wherein the photonic band gap at least partially overlaps with the electronic band gap, and an electrically conductive material deposited on the photoactive material.

Abstract: A composition for generating chlorine dioxide comprises active ingredients, a suitable hydrophobic compound, and a suitable super absorbent compound. A suitable hydrophobic compound will, among other characteristics, repel the solvent for at least the initial 30 seconds of exposure thereto. A suitable super absorbent compound will, among other characteristics, absorb at least 75 times its weight in solvent and will not gel until the chlorine-dioxide generating reaction is substantially complete.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for making aldehydes and ketones comprising allowing the corresponding primary or secondary alcohol to react in the presence of trichoroisocyanuric acid, a compound of formula R1SR2 and a base. In one embodiment, the alcohol is a compound of formula (I): wherein R3 is a protecting group. Also disclosed are methods for making 3-O-protected morphine dienol carboxylates comprising allowing a compound of formula (I) to oxidize in the presence of a chlorine-containing compound and a compound of formula R1SR2; and allowing the product of the oxidation step to react with an acylating agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surface-treated calcium carbonate for binding and bioremediating hydrocarbon-containing compositions, to a method for binding and bioremediating hydrocarbon-containing compositions as well as to the use of surface-treated calcium carbonate for binding and bioremediating hydrocarbon-containing compositions and to a composite material comprising the surface-treated calcium carbonate and a hydrocarbon-containing composition.

Abstract: Dry processes, apparatus, compositions and systems are provided for reducing emissions of sulfur oxides, and sulfur dioxide in particular, and/or HCl in a process employing a combination of a dolomite hydrate sorbent and a sorbent doping agent administered to achieve coverage of a three-dimensional cross section of a passage carrying SOx and/or HCl —containing gases with a short but effective residence time at a temperature effective to provide significant sulfur dioxide and/or HCl reductions with high rates of reaction and sorbent utilization. The once-through, dry process can advantageously introduce the sorbent and sorbent doping agent dry or preferably as a slurry to enable uniform treatment. Preferred sorbent doping agents include water-soluble or water-dispersible copper and/or iron compositions which can be heated to an active form in situ by the flue gases being treated.

Abstract: A nanometal dispersion and a method for preparing a nanometal dispersion are provided. The method comprises mixing a metal seed crystal aqueous solution, a polysaccharide aqueous solution, and a metal compound aqueous solution, followed by allowing the resulting mixture to conduct a reduction-oxidation reaction to form a nanometal. The produced nanometal dispersion comprises a polysaccharide and a nanometal. The polysaccharide is composed of N-actyl-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid, and the nanometal has multimorphology.

Abstract: The present invention relates to redox-curing type nonaqueous curable compositions having: at least one liquid radical polymeric monomer (a); an organic peroxide (b); and a powdered water-soluble reducing compound (c), where the powdered water-soluble reducing compound (c) is dispersed in the liquid radical polymeric monomer (a).

Abstract: An object to be attained by the present invention is to provide an active energy ray-curable composition that is capable of producing a cured coating film having high scratch resistance and excellent transparency. The present invention relates to an active energy ray-curable composition containing a reactive particle (A) obtained by reacting a silica fine particle (a-1) and a hydrolysable silane (a-2) having one or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups and one or more isocyanurate ring structures in a molecule. The present invention also provides the active energy ray-curable composition according to the above, containing a photopolymerization initiator (B).

Abstract: Methods and systems for recovering or extracting rare earth elements under mild conditions include subjecting a material including rare earth element to a rare earth element crystallization medium under solvothermal conditions sufficient to form rare earth element crystals capable of gravity separation and purification.

Abstract: It is provided a method of producing a crystal of a nitride of a group 13 element in a melt by flux method. The melt is generated by heating a composition including a material for the group 13 element, a material for at least one of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal and a liquid material for germanium. Upon producing a crystal of a nitride of a group 13 element in a melt by flux method, it is thereby possible to reduce in-plane distribution of a property such as carrier density of the thus obtained crystal of a nitride of a group 13 element.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium materials may be immobilized onto a metal oxide nanoparticle to provide a fixed-quat nanoparticle material. A particular example uses a silicon alkoxide as a silicon source material to provide a fixed-quat SiNP/NG material composition through either acidic or basic hydrolysis of the silicon alkoxide material. Particular materials may be characterized spectroscopically to ensure that the desirable materials are properly bound. Specific applications of fixed-quat SiNP/NC material compositions in accordance with the embodiments include, but are not limited to agricultural biocide applications and tobacco smoke selective filtration applications.

Abstract: Provided is an absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide. The absorbent may include an amino acid with multiple amine groups and an alkali-metal hydroxide mixed with the amino acid and thus, may increase an absorption capacity for carbon dioxide. When a sterically hindered effect is induced to the amino acid with multiple amine groups, the absorption capacity for carbon dioxide may increase and heat of absorption reaction may decrease and thus, energy consumed for regeneration of an absorbent may be reduced. The absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide may include amino acid with multiple amine groups and the metal hydroxide, and may provide a functional group around the amine groups to cause an sterically hindered effect and thus, the absorption capacity for carbon dioxide and an carbon dioxide absorption rate may increase, and the capital cost for a carbon dioxide capturing process and an operating cost may be significantly reduced.

Abstract: Various systems, devices, NO2 absorbents, NO2 scavengers and NO2 recuperator for generating nitric oxide are disclosed herein. According to one embodiment, an apparatus for converting nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide can include a receptacle including an inlet, an outlet, a surface-active material coated with an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid and an absorbent wherein the inlet is configured to receive a gas flow and fluidly communicate the gas flow to the outlet through the surface-active material and the absorbent such that nitrogen dioxide in the gas flow is converted to nitric oxide.

Abstract: Provided are azeotropic or azeotrope-like mixtures of 1,3,3-trichloro-1,1-difluoropropane (HCFO-242fa) and hydrogen fluoride. Such compositions are useful as a feed stock or intermediate in the production of HFC245fa and HCFO1233zd.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel catalyst compositions based on Ruthenium- or Osmium-based complex catalysts and to a process for selectively hydrogenating nitrile rubbers in the presence of such catalyst compositions.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions comprising reactive inorganic fillers in a cross-linked organosiloxane matrix and methods to produce the same. These compositions are useful as stain and acid resistant grouts and mortar.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adsorbent catalytic nanoparticle including a mesoporous silica nanoparticle having at least one adsorbent functional group bound thereto. The adsorbent catalytic nanoparticle also includes at least one catalytic material. In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods of using and making the adsorbent catalytic nanoparticles. In some examples, the adsorbent catalytic nanoparticles can be used to selectively remove fatty acids from feedstocks for biodiesel, and to hydrotreat the separated fatty acids.

Abstract: Imparting superior electrification preventing or reducing properties to a cured silicone product without inhibiting adhesion between a substrate and the cured silicone product when integrating the substrate and the cured silicone product via a primer layer. A condensation reaction curable primer composition comprising a lithium salt (a) and a polyether modified polysiloxane (b); and a laminate obtained by integrating a substrate and a cured silicone product using an electrification preventing or reducing primer layer (cured product of the composition).

Abstract: Porous carbon monoliths are prepared using emulsions stabilized by carbonaceous particles or aggregates. An illustrative porous carbon monolith comprises carbon black, including any graphitized carbon black particles, carbonized binder and porosity. The porosity includes first pores having a pore size within the range of from about 0.5 ?m to about 100 ?m and second pores having a pore size within the range of from about 1 nm to about 100 nm. The pore size distribution of the first pores does not overlap with a pore size distribution of the second pores.

Abstract: A partially digested biomass solids is converted in a fixed bed catalytic reduction reactor under hydrothermal catalytic condition with a supported metal catalyst having a high void fraction. The catalyst having high void fraction allows high permeability and extends reaction run time.

Abstract: The present invention describes chemical systems and methods for reducing C—O, C—N, and C—S bonds, said system comprising a mixture of (a) at least one organosilane and (b) at least one strong base, said system being substantially free of a transition-metal compound, and said system optionally comprising at least one molecular hydrogen donor compound, molecular hydrogen, or both.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for making aldehydes and ketones comprising allowing the corresponding primary or secondary alcohol to react in the presence of trichoroisocyanuric acid, a compound of formula R1SR2 and a base. In one embodiment, the alcohol is a compound of formula (I): wherein R3 is a protecting group. Also disclosed are methods for making 3-O-protected morphine dienol carboxylates comprising allowing a compound of formula (I) to oxidize in the presence of a chlorine-containing compound and a compound of formula R1SR2; and allowing the product of the oxidation step to react with an acylating agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic-inorganic hybrid transparent hydrogel complex containing a polymerizable acrylic monomer, a metal alkoxide sol solution, a water-soluble salt, a phosphorus compound, a silane coupling agent, a quaternary ammonium salt, a polymerization initiator, and water. Moreover, the present invention provides a fire retardant glass assembly using the organic-inorganic hybrid transparent hydrogel complex and a manufacturing method thereof. The organic-inorganic hybrid transparent hydrogel complex according to the present invention has excellent properties such as long-term transparency, flame-retardancy, thermal insulation, long-term durability, and weather resistance, and thus it can be suitably used as a fire retardant material for fire retardant glass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive composition comprising acrylic copolymers wherein the gel fraction represented by the specific formula (1) is 45 to 75%, the swelling ratio represented by the specific formula (2) is 5 to 20, and the weight average molecular weight of non-crosslinking polymer contained in a pressure sensitive adhesive prepared from the pressure sensitive adhesive composition sol eluted from the adhesive prepared by the composition with ethyl acetate is at least 300,000.

Abstract: A material for water gas contains polyhydric alcohol, and hydroxycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of: i) contacting a compound (C) comprising one or more groups Si—H with a phosphorous based catalyst in the presence of a base in water as solvent, thereby forming hydrogen and a by-product (C1); wherein said phosphorous based catalyst is as defined in claim 1; and ii) recovering the obtained hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention provides trimerization catalyst compositions having a sterically hindered carboxylate salt and methods to produce a polyisocyanurate/-polyurethane foam using such trimerization catalyst compositions.

Abstract: A multi-component scavenging system containing at least one ester and at least one electron-deficient organic compound, together with or without one or more optional components such as an aldehyde having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a ketone having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether, a solvent, an alkali metal salt of an alkyl or dialkyl phenol, an epoxide, an alkyl anhydride, and mixtures thereof, may be used to scavenge contaminants from hydrocarbon and/or aqueous streams. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed may include, but are not necessarily limited to, ammonia, primary amines, secondary or tertiary amines, H2S, mercaptans, sulfide cyanides, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for treating calcium carbonate includes combining calcium carbonate with an amount of stearic acid and an amount of water to form a mixture, the amount of water being at least about 0.1% by weight relative to the total weight. The method further includes blending the mixture to form a stearic acid-treated calcium carbonate composition.

Abstract: There is provided a mixture having a freezing point of up to 50° C., formed by reaction between: (A) one molar equivalent of a salt of formula I (Mn+)(X?)n I or a hydrate thereof; and (B) from one to eight molar equivalents of a complexing agent comprising one or more uncharged organic compounds, each of which compounds has (i) a hydrogen atom that is capable of forming a hydrogen bond with the anion X?; and (ii) a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, S, N and P that is capable of forming a coordinative bond with the metal ion Mn+, which reaction is performed in the absence of extraneous solvent, wherein M, X? mind a have meaning given in the description.

Abstract: Methods, kits, cartridges and compounds related to generating chlorine dioxide by exposing ClO2? to at least one of a manganese porphyrin catalyst or a manganese porphyrazine catalyst are described.

Abstract: A composition having nanoparticles of silicon carbide and a carbonaceous matrix or silicon matrix. The composition is not in the form of a powder. A composition having silicon and an organic compound having a char yield of at least 60% by weight or a thermoset made from the organic compound. A method of combining silicon and the organic compound and heating to form silicon carbide or silicon nitride nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of: i) contacting a compound (C) comprising one or more groups Si—H with a phosphorous based catalyst in the presence of a base in water as solvent, thereby forming hydrogen and a by-product (C1); wherein said phosphorous based catalyst is as defined in claim 1; and ii) recovering the obtained hydrogen.

Abstract: A method is provided for vaporizing a liquid elemental halogen. A heating gas is preheated in the absence of halogen to a preheat temperature which results in a preheated heating gas. The preheated heating gas is directly contacted with a feed of a liquid elemental halogen and heats the feed to a vaporizing temperature sufficient to vaporize at least a portion of the feed to a quantity of an elemental halogen vapor. A gas mixture results which includes the heating gas and the quantity of the elemental halogen vapor.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments provide methods for reducing a concentration of a contaminant associated with a medium, which can be any substance or material, such as soil, water, air, and/or fluid. In one exemplary method, the medium is treated with a ferric chelate and an oxidizing agent in amounts effective to oxidize at least a portion of the contaminant.

Abstract: Compounds of biodegradable surfactants useful for optimizing the separation of impurities typical of hydrocarbons, and designed to intervene and stabilize the molecular structure of crude oil, with no significant alterations of the crude's intrinsec composition are disclosed. The biodegradable surfactants compounds coexist with a non-ionic surfactant and an organic mix in emulsion form with the purpose of isolating crude from the pipeline, reduce friction to improve crude flow and to enter the crude macromolecule to modify the hydrocarbon chain to reduce its density and thus its viscosity; including compounds of biodegradable surfactants that comprise sodium hydroxide 1N, potasium chloride, sulphonic acid, dodecanoic acid, nonylphenol, terpene-1 and water, preferably hard water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemical composition and method of generating carbon dioxide for use with an insect monitor and/or capture device comprising: i) an effervescent agent; ii) a solid acid; iii) a deliquescent agent; and optionally iv) an anti-clumping agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to POSS-modified ligands and to the use thereof in catalytically effective compositions in hydroformylation.

Abstract: Porous materials are fabricated using interpenetrating inorganic-organic composite gels. A mixture or precursor solution including an inorganic gel precursor, an organic polymer gel precursor, and a solvent is treated to form an inorganic wet gel including the organic polymer gel precursor and the solvent. The inorganic wet gel is then treated to form a composite wet gel including an organic polymer network in the body of the inorganic wet gel, producing an interpenetrating inorganic-organic composite gel. The composite wet gel is dried to form a composite material including the organic polymer network and an inorganic network component. The composite material can be treated further to form a porous composite material, a porous polymer or polymer composite, a porous metal oxide, and other porous materials.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a solid, porous material, suitable for generating nitrogen gas, said material having a porosity of 20 to 75 vol. %, and a composition comprising, based on the weight of the material of 60 to 90 wt. % of sodium azide, 0.1 to 20 wt. % of an inert chemical coolant based on at least one inorganic salt having a heat capacity of at least 1400 J/K/kg, 0.1 to 20 wt. % of modifying agent selected from metal oxides and metal carbonates, and a binder, selected from the group consisting of at least one alkali metal silicate, preferably waterglass, or a poly-tetrazole, in an amount of between 3 and 15 wt. %.

Abstract: An adhesive composition for bonding a first circuit member including a first circuit electrode formed on a first circuit substrate and a second circuit member including a second circuit electrode formed on a second circuit substrate, the first circuit electrode and the second circuit electrode being electrically connected, wherein at least one substrate among the first circuit substrate and the second circuit substrate includes a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition temperature of not more than 200° C. The adhesive composition contains core-shell type silicon particles having a core layer and a shell layer provided for coating the core layer.