Abstract: The invention is a method for coproducing Hydrogen and certain metals by reducing a metal oxide(s) with MgH2 or with metal and water, wherein the non-water oxides used in the method include SiO2, Cr2O3, TiO2, SnO2, ZrO2, CuO, ZnO, WO3, Ta2O5, Cs2Cr2O7 or CsOH. The method reacts the MgH2 with a metal oxide or directly uses metal and water instead of a hydride, and initiates a reaction with the metal oxide. The reaction releases Hydrogen and reduces the subject oxide to metal.

Abstract: A method releases hydrogen by forming a second ionic liquid from a first ionic liquid by releasing hydrogen from the first ionic liquid by exposing the first ionic liquid to water and a catalyst. The first ionic liquid includes a cation and an anion including a borohydride. The release of the hydrogen forms a borate, which makes up the anion of the second ionic liquid. The cation of the first ionic liquid is the same as that of the second ionic liquid. A reaction system includes the first and second ionic liquids, water and a catalyst.

Abstract: A method of storing hydrogen is provided, wherein the method comprises forming a first ionic liquid by inducing a borohydride into a second ionic liquid comprising cations and an anion comprising borate, in particular metaborate, and forming the second ionic liquid by releasing the hydrogen out of the first ionic liquid by using water and/or a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to combinations comprising hydrogen gas or a hydrogen donor agent and nanoclays comprising metallic cerium or cerium oxide particles. The invention also relates to compositions, nanocomposite materials and containers comprising these combinations. Additionally, the present invention relates to methods for obtaining these combinations and to the use thereof in packaging oxygen- and oxidation-sensitive products.

Abstract: Provided are a bath additive, an external preparation for skin, a reducing agent for water, a method for producing a reduced water, a reduced water, and a method for reducing an object, each of which prevents aging and provides excellent advantageous effects in health maintenance and cosmetic advantageous effects. Those described above contain: at least one type of a first alkaline agent selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, and sodium carbonate; at least one type of a second alkaline agent selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts; and sodium borohydride as a hydrogen generating agent.

Abstract: Blending an electrically active, anodically coloring, electrochromic polymer with a non-electrochromic, non-electrically conductive binder polymer greatly enhances the performance of the anodically coloring, electrochromic polymer in an electrochromic device over time. In addition to improved physical characteristics of the blend, e.g., film build, durability etc, the coloristic properties, including color space and color strength, of the device comprising the blend are more durable than when using the neat polymer, and in certain instances, the color space and color intensity provided by the blend is superior to that available from the neat polymer.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a compressed gaseous fuel storage pellet is provided comprising a gas adsorbent material and a thermally conductive material extending substantially an entire dimension of the pellet and having a thermal conductivity of at least 75 W/mK. The pellet may include at least two layers of gas adsorbent material spaced apart along a compression direction of the pellet and a substantially continuous layer of the thermally conductive material disposed between the at least two layers of gas adsorbent material. The pellet may further include thermally conductive projections which intersect the layer(s) of thermally conductive material.

Abstract: A hydrogel composition for photocatalytic hydrogen production and storage. The composition containing a graphene, a TiO2 nanotube array, and a carbon quantum dot defines a three-dimensional porous and continuous cross-linked structure. Also disclosed is a method of producing this composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein provide compositions and hydrogen release methods for a high-capacity complex hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage material is mainly composed of metal borohydride and NH3. The invention advantageously adopt ammonia, one cheap and easily supplied material with high hydrogen content (17.6 wt %), as one of the hydrogen source, offering a safe and efficient way to store hydrogen and release hydrogen. Furthermore, the hydrogen storage material can be further catalyzed by a transition metal catalyst to improve the dehydrogenation kinetics. With the addition of catalyst, 0.2-10 equiv. H2 could be evolved at ?100˜600° C., which might be applied on vehicles which are fueled by hybrid or fuel cell.

Abstract: Method of storing hydrogen by forming a first ionic liquid by inducing a borohydride in a second ionic liquid comprising a cation and an anion comprising borate, and forming the second ionic liquid by releasing the hydrogen out of the first ionic liquid by using water and/or a catalyst, which method is characterized in that the first and the second ionic liquid are both water miscible and the second ionic liquid is separated, particularly is salted out, from solution in water by adding a separation inducer; certain ionic liquids for storing and releasing hydrogen comprising a borohydride or for preparing a ionic liquid for storing and releasing hydrogen comprising a borate; and a process for preparing ionic liquids for storing and releasing hydrogen comprising a borohydride.

Abstract: Clathrate hydrates and methods of their production and separation are described herein. Methods of using the clathrate hydrates for energy storage are also described herein. Further described herein are hydrogen storage devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogen-storing composite material which is convertible essentially reversibly between a storing state and a non-storing state, wherein the reaction enthalpy in this conversion reaction can be set in a targeted manner to a value between 15 and 80 kJ/mol of H2, preferably 25 to 40 kJ/mol of H2.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to novel manganese hydrides, processes for their preparation, and their use in hydrogen storage applications. The disclosure also relates to processes for preparing manganese dialkyl compounds having high purity, and their use in the preparation of manganese hydrides having enhance hydrogen storage capacity.

Abstract: A container (22) includes a shell (24) made from a polymer, for example PET, and incorporating a catalyst, for example a palladium catalyst. A closure (40) incorporates a plug which includes a source of hydrogen, for example a hydride. In use, with container (22) including a beverage and closure (40) in position, the headspace in the container will be saturated with water vapor. This vapor contacts the hydride associated with plug (42) and as a result the hydride produces molecular hydrogen which migrates into the polymer matrix of shell (24) and combines with oxygen which may have entered the container through its permeable walls. A reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen takes place, catalyzed by the catalyst, and water is produced. Thus, oxygen which may ingress the container is scavenged and the contents of the container are protected from oxidation.

Abstract: A catalyzed metal hydride alloy is disclosed, which includes lithium amide and magnesium hydride and rubidium hydride is the catalyst. A method of making the metal hydride alloy includes combining rubidium hydride with lithium amide and magnesium hydride in a vessel to form a mixture and mechanically milling the mixture. A method of manufacturing rubidium hydride is also disclosed which includes milling rubidium metal in a vessel pressurized with hydrogen gas at an initial minimum rotation rate and increasing the rotation rate to a maximum rotation rate, alternating between periods of milling and rest, re-pressurizing the vessel with hydrogen during the rest periods, and incubating the contents of the vessel.

Abstract: A container (22) includes an oxygen-sensitive beverage, for example a vitamin C-containing beverage. A closure (40) seals the mouth (28) of container (22). The closure includes an oxygen scavenging structure, for example a closure, which comprises a hydrogen generating means and a catalyst for catalysing a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the preparation of hydrogen suitable for civil applications, in which metal aluminum is mainly used for producing hydrogen. Water is added into a collection of reactants formed by placing an alkaline substance and metal aluminum together. The portion of said alkaline substance or its reaction product with water, wherein participates in the mass-transferring contact with said metal aluminum, has an effective molar ratio of less than 0.8 with respect to said metal aluminum. The water is added slowly into the collection of reactants; during the reaction, residual reactive but as yet unreacted water has a molar ratio of less than 1 but greater than 0 with respect to the metal aluminum added initially. Also disclosed is a device for the preparation of hydrogen, and a composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of stannane and deuterostannane by reacting a stannic halide with lithium aluminum hydride or aluminum deuteride respectively in a polydentate solvent.

Abstract: A closure (40) for a container incorporates calcium hydride and a matrix material as a hydrogen-generating composition. In use, hydrogen is generated which reacts with oxygen permeating a container associated with the closure and a catalyst associated with the container catalyses reaction of the hydrogen and oxygen to produce water, thereby scavenging the oxygen. The composition of calcium hydride and matrix is also claimed.

Abstract: A hydrogen-storage-material comprising ammonia borane and poly(ethylene oxide).

Abstract: A method of producing magnesium-based hydrides is provided that can enhance production efficiency while securing safety. An Mg ingot including Mg is cut to make a number of Mg flakes. An accumulated matter made by accumulating a number of Mg flakes are compressed and shaped to form a compressed matter of Mg flakes. The compressed matter of Mg flakes is placed in hydrogen gas such that Mg reacts with hydrogen gas, to produce magnesium-based hydrides. Since the Mg flakes have a low risk of explosion, this allows safer production of magnesium-based hydrides. Moreover, compression of the Mg flakes causes distortion in the flakes, which makes it easy for Mg to react with hydrogen gas, allowing enhancement in yield of magnesium-based hydrides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a graphite powder composite supported by transition metal particles for storing hydrogen, and more specifically, to a method for preparing a graphite powder composite supported by transition metal particles having significantly improved hydrogen storage capacity, by means of introducing the transition metal particles having support capacity and particle diameters which are controlled, of transition metals such as nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and yttrium (Y), to an oxidized graphite powder that is provided with functionality through a chemical surface treatment.

Abstract: Liquid compositions of ammonia borane and a suitably chosen amine borane material were prepared and subjected to conditions suitable for their thermal decomposition in a closed system that resulted in hydrogen and a liquid reaction product.

Abstract: Solid-state hydrogen fuel with a polymer matrix and fabrication methods thereof are presented. The solid-state hydrogen fuel includes a polymer matrix, and a crushed mixture of a solid chemical hydride and a solid-state catalyst uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The fabrication method for the solid-state hydrogen fuel includes crushing and mixing a solid chemical hydride and a solid-state catalyst in a crushing/mixing machine, and adding the polymer matrix into the mixture of the solid chemical hydride and the solid-state catalyst to process a flexible solid-state hydrogen fuel. Moreover, various geometric and/or other shapes may be formed and placed into suitable vessels to react with a particular liquid and provide a steady rate of hydrogen release.

Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or alloy, wherein Group 1 metals or alloys are absorbed into the silica gel pores. The invention relates to producing hydrogen gas comprising contacting a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition with water, and further relates to an alkali metal reduction of an organic compound, the improvement comprising contacting the organic compound with a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition. In these embodiments, the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition reacts with dry O2. The invention also relates to producing hydrogen gas comprising contacting a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition with water, and further relates to an alkali metal reduction of an organic compound, the improvement comprising contacting the organic compound with a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition. In these embodiments, the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition produced does not react with dry O2.

Abstract: This invention relates to adsorbents useful for storing hydrogen and other small molecules, and to methods for preparing such adsorbents. The adsorbents are produced by heating carbonaceous materials to a temperature of at least 900° C. in an atmosphere of hydrogen.

Abstract: A ternary hydrogen storage system having a constant stoichiometric molar ratio of LiNH2:MgH2:LiBH4 of 2:1:1. It was found that the incorporation of MgH2 particles of approximately 10 nm to 20 nm exhibit a lower initial hydrogen release temperature of 150° C. Furthermore, it is observed that the particle size of LiBNH quaternary hydride has a significant effect on the hydrogen sorption concentration with an optimum size of 28 nm. The as-synthesized hydrides exhibit two main hydrogen release temperatures, one around 160° C. and the other around 300° C., with the main hydrogen release temperature reduced from 310° C. to 270° C., while hydrogen is first reversibly released at temperatures as low as 150° C. with a total hydrogen capacity of 6 wt. % to 8 wt. %. Detailed thermal, capacity, structural and microstructural properties have been demonstrated and correlated with the activation energies of these materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for synthesis of crystalline polymeric boron-nitrogen compounds comprising a step of dehydrogenation of a boron-nitrogen-hydrogen compound on catalyst, wherein the boron-nitrogen-hydrogen compound is selected from the group consisting of ammonia borane, metal amidoboranes, amine boranes or mixtures thereof, and the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of transition metals, transition metal salts or alloys.

Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or alloy, wherein Group 1 metals or alloys are absorbed into the silica gel pores. The invention relates to producing hydrogen gas comprising contacting a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition with water, and further relates to an alkali metal reduction of an organic compound, the improvement comprising contacting the organic compound with a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition. In these embodiments, the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition reacts with dry O2. The invention also relates to producing hydrogen gas comprising contacting a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition with water, and further relates to an alkali metal reduction of an organic compound, the improvement comprising contacting the organic compound with a Group 1 metal/silica gel composition. In these embodiments, the Group 1 metal/silica gel composition produced does not react with dry O2.

Abstract: Some or all of the needs above can be addressed by embodiments of the invention. According to embodiments of the invention, systems and methods for facilitating hydrogen storage using naturally occurring nanostructure assemblies can be implemented. In one embodiment, a method for storing hydrogen can be provided. The method can include providing diatoms comprising diatomaceous earth or diatoms from a predefined culture. In addition, the method can include heating the diatoms in a sealed environment in the presence of at least one of titanium, a transition metal, or a noble metal to provide a porous hydrogen storage medium. Furthermore, the method can include exposing the porous hydrogen storage medium to hydrogen. In addition, the method can include storing at least a portion of the hydrogen in the porous hydrogen storage medium.

Abstract: A packaged reactive material includes a reactive material that is configured to increase in size when exposed to a predetermined gas, and an inert coating material surrounding a surface of the reactive material. The inert coating material is configured to allow the predetermined gas to diffuse through to the reactive material and has an elongation that will not accommodate expansion of the reactive material at full saturation of the predetermined gas.

Abstract: A closure (40) for a container incorporates calcium hydride and a matrix material as a hydrogen-generating composition. In use, hydrogen is generated which reacts with oxygen permeating a container associated with the closure and a catalyst associated with the container catalyses reaction of the hydrogen and oxygen to produce water, thereby scavenging the oxygen. The composition of calcium hydride and matrix is also claimed.

Abstract: A stable, homogeneous dispersion of potassium hydride is formed by reacting a mixture of wax and potassium metal with hydrogen.

Abstract: A ternary hydrogen storage system having a constant stoichiometric molar ratio of LiNH2:MgH2:LiBH4 of 2:1:1. It was found that the incorporation of MgH2 particles of approximately 10 nm to 20 nm exhibit a lower initial hydrogen release temperature of 150° C. Furthermore, it is observed that the particle size of LiBNH quaternary hydride has a significant effect on the hydrogen sorption concentration with an optimum size of 28 nm. The as-synthesized hydrides exhibit two main hydrogen release temperatures, one around 160° C. and the other around 300° C., with the main hydrogen release temperature reduced from 310° C. to 270° C., while hydrogen is first reversibly released at temperatures as low as 150° C. with a total hydrogen capacity of 6 wt. % to 8 wt. %. Detailed thermal, capacity, structural and microstructural properties have been demonstrated and correlated with the activation energies of these materials.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a unique reducing gas generator. Another embodiment is a unique method for generating a reducing gas. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for generating reducing gas. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a unique reducing gas generator. Another embodiment is a unique method for generating a reducing gas. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for generating reducing gas. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith.

Abstract: A packaged reactive material includes a reactive material that is configured to increase in size when exposed to a predetermined gas, and an inert coating material surrounding a surface of the reactive material. The inert coating material is configured to allow the predetermined gas to diffuse through to the reactive material and has an elongation that will not accommodate expansion of the reactive material at full saturation of the predetermined gas.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect of the present invention, an ammonia borane containing hydrogen storage material is provided to be present with substantially reduced formation of borazine or diborane. In at least one embodiment, the hydrogen storage material includes at least one ammonia borane (NH3BH3); and at least one amide of the formula M(NH2)x, wherein M is a cationic element or a combination of two or more cationic elements from groups 1 to 14 of the periodic table and x represents a total cationic charge to charge balance M.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new cure accelerator systems for anaerobic curable compositions. These anaerobic cure systems include tetraalkyl ammonium oxidizing salts that are soluble in the (meth)acrylate component of the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to solid compounds which generate hydrogen by combustion, and to a method for generating hydrogen based on the combustion of said compounds. Said compounds have a composition which includes at least one inorganic borohydride, selected from alkali borohydrides, alkaline-earth borohydrides and mixtures thereof, and at least one inorganic oxidant. Characteristically, said composition comprises sulfur. Said method is advantageously implemented for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell.

Abstract: Compositions are disclosed for storing and releasing hydrogen and methods for preparing and using same. These hydrogen storage and releasing materials exhibit fast release rates at low release temperatures without unwanted side reactions, thus preserving desired levels of purity and enabling applications in combustion and fuel cell applications.

Abstract: A catalyst for the decomposition of formic acid including a dinuclear metal complex represented by a formula (1) below, a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or any of their salts, where M1 and M2 are transition metals; Ar is a ligand having aromaticity and may be unsubstituted or substituted; R1 to R27 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like, or R15 and R16 may together form a —CH?CH—, where Hs in the —CH?CH— may be each independently replaced by an alkyl group or the like, and R23 and R24 may together form a —CH?CH—, where Hs in the —CH?CH— may be each independently replaced by an alkyl group or the like; L is an arbitrary ligand or is absent; and m is a positive integer, 0, or a negative integer.

Abstract: Computer instructions in communication with at least one processor having data storage. The processor is in communication with a hydrogen generation network. The computer instructions instruct the processor to form a dynamic information database in the data storage, receive and store at least one hydrogen generating device identification and/or discretionary power consumption information, and receive and store dispatchable power source information and/or non-dispatchable power source information. The computer instructions instruct the processor to receive at least one message input using an administrator interface and transmit the message to the hydrogen generation network. The computer instructions instruct the processor to receive at least one response from the hydrogen generation network for regulating hydrogen production and store the response in the dynamic information database.

Abstract: The present invention discloses new methods for synthesizing ammonia borane (NH3BH3, or AB). Ammonium borohydride (NH4BH4) is formed from the reaction of borohydride salts and ammonium salts in liquid ammonia. Ammonium borohydride is decomposed in an ether-based solvent that yields AB at a near quantitative yield. The AB product shows promise as a chemical hydrogen storage material for fuel cell powered applications.

Abstract: The invention provides for the synthesis of a hydride directly from metal and water or metal and hydroxide or metal and aqueous hydrogen chloride. The hydride generated may be used as metal hydride slurry for on-board generation of hydrogen by reaction with water or with aqueous HCl.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material according to the present invention comprises a) forming a mixture of a magnesium hydride powder and a transition metal halide powder, b) adding the mixture and balls into a vessel, c) filling the vessel with an inert gas or hydrogen, and d) subjecting the mixture to high energy ball milling.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect of the present invention, an ammonia borane containing hydrogen storage material is provided to be present with substantially reduced formation of borazine or diborane. In at least one embodiment, the hydrogen storage material includes at least one ammonia borane (NH3BH3); and at least one amide of the formula M(NH2)x, wherein M is a cationic element or a combination of two or more cationic elements from groups 1 to 14 of the periodic table and x represents a total cationic charge to charge balance M.

Abstract: Method of producing ammonia borane, comprising providing polyborazylene; digesting the polyborazylene with a dithiol-containing agent to produce a boro-sulfide compound and a byproduct; converting the byproduct to the boro-sulfide product of step (b) by reaction with a first alkyl-tin hydride; and, converting the boro-sulfide compound produced in steps (b) and (c) to ammonia borane by reaction with a second alkyl-tin hydride.

Abstract: A water gas shift catalyst for use at temperatures above about 450° C. up to about 900° C. or so comprising a partially reducible transition metal oxide without an active metal added thereto.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage material includes: a first storage material body (1) which stores hydrogen; and a second storage material body (2) which stores hydrogen, and coats a surface of the first storage material body (1). A hydrogen equilibrium pressure (HP) of the second storage material body (2) is lower than that of the first storage material body (1) at the hydrogen generation temperature of the first storage material body (1).