Abstract: The present invention relates to 1,4-diethynylbenzene derivatives having substituents in the 2,3-position (cf. formula I, Claims), to the use thereof for high-frequency components, to liquid-crystalline media comprising the compounds, and to high-frequency components, in particular antennae, especially for the gigahertz range, comprising these media. The liquid-crystalline media serve, for example, for the phase shifting of microwaves for tuneable ‘phased-array’ antennae.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal (LC) display of the PSA (polymer sustained alignment) type, and to polymerizable compounds and LC media for use in PSA displays.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal display element including a first alignment film and a second alignment film provided on opposing surfaces of a pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first alignment film and the second alignment film and including crystal molecules having negative dielectric constant anisotropy. At least the first alignment film includes a compound in which a polymer compound having a first side chain and a second side chain is crosslinked or polymerized. The first side chain has a crosslinkable functional group or a polymerizable functional group. The second side chain has a structure inducing dielectric anisotropy. The liquid crystal molecules are pretilted by the first alignment film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal additive, a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal panel thereof. The liquid crystal additive of the present invention has a higher clear point, so that adding the liquid crystal additive into a liquid crystal composition of a liquid crystal panel can omit the process of forming alignment films to reduce manufacturing costs and time of liquid crystal panels; meanwhile, the MURA phenomenon due to the different effects of liquid crystal molecules and liquid crystal reactive monomers on alignment films is avoided, so as to improve the uniformity of liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a liquid phase over a wide temperature range, low viscosity, good solubility at a low temperature, high resistivity and voltage holding ratio, and stability to heat and light, and can thus provide, in high yield, a liquid crystal display device having good display quality and causing little display defects such as image sticking, dropping marks, and the like. A liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is useful, particularly useful for a liquid crystal display device for active matrix driving, because both fast response and suppression of display defects are achieved, and the liquid crystal display device can be applied to a liquid crystal display device for a VA mode, a PSVA mode, or a TN mode.

Abstract: A method of making a wide temperature-range smectic liquid crystal material comprises taking a wide temperature-range nematic mixture and doping this with a mesogenic silicon-containing material. Aspects of the invention provide wide temperature-range smectic materials and devices using the smectic materials.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid-crystal compound with negative dielectric anisotropy, having the chemical formula: wherein A1, A2, and A3 are independently selected from cyclohexyl group, cyclohexenyl group, or phenyl group; L1 and L2 are independently selected from H or F; R is selected from H, F, Cl, C1-10 alkyl group, C1-10 alkenyl group, C1-10 alkoxy group, or C1-10 ether group; Y is fluorinated methyl group; m and n are independently selected from an integer of 0-2; and 1?m+n?3.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having high stability to heat and light, etc., a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of liquid crystal phase, a low viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant, and good compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a LCD element using the composition are described. The compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, for example, R1 is C1-10 alkyl, ring A1, ring A2, ring A3, ring A4 and ring B1 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with halogen, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, or tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are single bonds, l, m, n and o are independently 0 or 1, and l+m+n+o?1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising a polymerizable compound, to a process for its preparation, to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in an LC display, especially in an LC display of the PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type, and to an LC display comprising the LC medium.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition of the present invention is used for a liquid crystal display device of an active matrix driving method, which requires fast response. The liquid crystal composition has negative dielectric anisotropy and a large absolute value thereof, and low viscosity. The liquid crystal composition is chemically stable to heat, light, water, and the like, and is suitable as a liquid crystal composition capable of low-voltage driving and practicable and having high reliability. A liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal composition can be preferably used for a liquid crystal display device of a VA mode, a PASV mode, a PSA mode, or the like.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including at least one electrode configured to form an electric field, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal of negative dielectric anisotropy, an additive, and a derivative of the additive.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid-crystal composition is described, which contains a liquid-crystal component and a chiral agent, and has a selective reflection wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 800 nm at 25° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, characterized in that it contains a polymerizable component (A) containing one more polymerizable compounds and a liquid-crystalline component (B) containing one more compounds of the general formula I in which R, rings A1 and A2, Z1, Z2, Y1, Y2, X0 and r are as defined in Claim 1.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one characteristic such as high maximum temperature, low minimum temperature, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light, high stability to heat and large elastic constant, or has a suitable balance between at least two of these characteristics. To provide an AM device having short response time, large voltage holding ratio, low threshold voltage, large contrast ratio, long service life and so forth. A liquid crystal composition that has a nematic phase and that comprises a compound having large dielectric anisotropy as a first component and a compound having small viscosity as a second component, and may comprise a compound having high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a third component and a compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as a fourth component, and a liquid crystal display device comprising this composition.

Abstract: The nematic liquid crystal composition exhibits a positive dielectric anisotropy (??), the liquid crystal composition being useful as a liquid crystal display material, and a liquid crystal display element using the same. The liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a large absolute value of dielectric anisotropy thereof and a low viscosity. By using this liquid crystal composition, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display element which has a high contrast, high-speed responsiveness, and good display quality in which image sticking and display defects are not generated. The liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal composition is a useful display element which realizes both high-speed response and suppression of display defects. In particular, the liquid crystal display element is useful as a liquid crystal display element for active-matrix driving, and can be applied to, for example, an IPS-type or TN-type liquid crystal display element.

Abstract: An object is to provide a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of physical properties such as a high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. A solution is a compound represented by formula (1). In formula 1, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, for example; ring A1 and ring A2 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1 and Z2 are independently a single bond or —CF2O—; L1 and L2 are halogen; and a is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large negative dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat or that is suitably balanced between at least two of the characteristics, is described. The liquid crystal composition includes a compound having three or more polymerizable groups as a first component and a compound having one or two polymerizable groups as a second component in a suitable ratio, and that may include a specific compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy and a low minimum temperature as a third component or a specific compound having a small viscosity or a high maximum temperature as a fourth component.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of the nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics is provided; and an AM device having a short response time, a suitable pretilt, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth is provided. A solution is a liquid crystal composition containing a specific compound having a high maximum temperature and a large dielectric anisotropy as a first component and a polymerizable compound as a second component, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (??), which is distinguished by the fact that it has a value for the ratio ?1/?n2 in the range 6-45 with a clearing point of >60° C. and a ?? of ??2.3. Media of this type are particularly suitable for electro-optical displays having active-matrix addressing based on the ECB, PA LCD, FFS or IPS effect.

Abstract: A composition contains three or more compounds represented by general formula (i) below. (In the formula, Ri1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and one or nonadjacent two or more —CH2— in the alkyl group may be each independently substituted by —CH?CH—, —C?C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—; mi1 represents 1 or 2; Ai1 represents a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group which may have a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom substituted for a hydrogen atom, when mi1 represents 1, Ai1 represents a 1,4-phenylene group which may have a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom substituted for a hydrogen atom, and when mi1 represents 2 and a plurality of Ai1 are present, Ai1 may be the same or different, and Xi1 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display panel that suppresses the temperature dependence of transmittance-gradation characteristics and thus overcomes problems in which significant changes in transmittance-gradation characteristics are caused by the effects of environmental temperature and a light source to lead to the degradation of display performance, and a liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display panel of the present invention includes a liquid crystal medium containing a plurality of liquid crystal compounds each having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy, the liquid crystal medium being held between a first substrate and a second substrate that are located opposite each other, and a side of each of the substrates in contact with the liquid crystal medium having vertical alignment properties for the liquid crystal compounds.

Abstract: The compound represented by formula (1). For example, the rings A1, A2, A3 and A4 are 1,4-phenylene, Z1 and Z2 are alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons in which at least one —CH2— may be replaced by —O— or —CH?CH—; L1, L2 and L3 are a single bond, —COO— or —CH?CH—; G1 and G2 are —O—; s, t and u are 0 or 1; and P1 and P2 is the group (P-1), the group (P-2) or the group (P-3). M1 and M2 are hydrogen or methyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula I, and to a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and negative dielectric anisotropy, which comprises one or more compounds of formula I, defined herein, for use in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the VA, ECB, PALO, FFS or IPS effect, and to the use of the compounds of the formula I for the stabilization of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more compounds of the formula II and one or more compounds of the formulae III-1 to III-4, defined herein.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature thereof, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy and specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light and heat, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics; an AM device having short response time, a large voltage holding ratio and contrast ratio, and a long life. A liquid crystal composition has a nematic phase and contains a specific straight-chain compound as a first component and a specific compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as second component, and may contain a specific compound having a high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a third component and a specific compound having a high maximum temperature or large dielectric anisotropy as a fourth component, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of the nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large negative dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, and so forth. To provide an AM device having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth. The liquid crystal composition contains a specific compound having a polymerizable group as a first component and a specific compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy and a low minimum temperature as a second component, and may contain a specific compound having a small viscosity or a large maximum temperature as a third component, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, characterized in that it contains a polymerizable component (A) containing one more polymerizable compounds and a liquid-crystalline component (B) containing one more compounds of the general formula I in which R, rings A1 and A2, Z1, Z2, Y1, Y2, X0 and r are as defined in Claim 1.

Abstract: To provide a compound, when the compound has both a high clearing point and a low crystallization temperature, having a wide temperature range of a liquid crystal phase and also an excellent solubility in other liquid crystal compounds, and further having general physical properties necessary for the compound, namely, stability to heat, light and so forth, a suitable optical anisotropy and a suitable dielectric anisotropy. A compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, for example, Ra and Rb are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; A1, A2, A3 and A4 are 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 4 carbons; and m, n, q and r are independently 0, 1, or 2, and a sum of m, n, q and r is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having a high stability to heat, light and so forth, a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and an excellent solubility in other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. The compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, for example, R1 is fluorine or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; ring A1 and ring A2 are 1,4-phenylene, or 1,4-phenylene in which at least one of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; Z1, Z2 and Z3 are a single bond; L1 and L2 are hydrogen or fluorine; X1 is fluorine or —CF3; and m is 1, and n is 0.

Abstract: A system having a ferroelectric liquid host material and a small amount of polymer additive is provided. In an embodiment, the polymer additive improves the physical characteristics of the system. In an embodiment, the system can be used in FLC applications.

Abstract: Provided is an optically-anisotropic-layer-forming composition usable to make it possible to produce an optically anisotropic film high in transparency. The composition is an optically-anisotropic-layer-forming composition including a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a photopolymerization initiator, and a solvent (1) that is a lactone solvent having a boiling point of 200° C. or higher. This composition preferably further includes a solvent (2) different from the solvent (1). The content by percentage of the solvent (1) in this composition is preferably from 1 to 70% by mass of the total of the solvents (1) and (2). The solvent (1) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of ?-butyrolactone, ?-valerolactone, and ?-valerolactone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which contains at least two polymerisable compounds or reactive mesogens (RM) and at least one compound selected from the group of compounds of the formula IIA, IIB and IIC, in which R2A, R2B, R2C, L1-6, ring B, Z2, Z2, p, q and v have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, IPS or PS-IPS effect, especially for the use in LC displays of the PS (polymer stabilised) or PSA (polymer sustained alignment) type.

Abstract: An object is to provide a polymerizable compound having high polymerization reactivity, a high conversion ratio and high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, a polymerizable composition containing the compound, a liquid crystal composite prepared from the composition, and a liquid crystal display device having the composite. A solution is a polymerizable compound represented by formula (1). In the formula, for example, P1 and P2 are —OCO—(CH3)C?CH2; S1 and S2 are a single bond; ring A1, ring A2 and ring A3 are 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2 and Z3 are a single bond; two of G is —CH? or —N?; and a is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal composition according to the invention is used for a liquid crystal display element for an active matrix drive for TV applications or the like for which a high speed and a wide viewing angle are required. The liquid crystal composition has a negative dielectric anisotropy having a large absolute value and also has a sufficiently low viscosity. Therefore, the liquid crystal composition has excellent characteristic properties, that is, a high speed response, good display quality and a suppressed display defect, and is therefore suitable as a practical liquid crystal composition. Further, a liquid crystal display element produced using the liquid crystal composition can be used favorably as a liquid crystal display element of a VA type or the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-optical liquid-crystal display which contains, as dielectric, a liquid-crystalline medium having negative dielectric anisotropy and includes a backlight which essentially only emits light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more or has, between the liquid-crystal layer and the backlight, a cut-off filter which essentially only allows light having a wavelength of 420 nm or more to pass through. In particular, the liquid-crystalline medium comprises a) a (first) dielectrically negative component (component A) which consists of one or more dielectrically negative compounds of the formula I in which the parameters have the meanings indicated in claim 2, and a further (second) dielectrically negative component (component B).

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy, a component (B) including at least one compound represented by formula (1.1) or formula (1.2), wherein the compound (B) is dielectrically neutral, having a dielectric anisotropy of more than ?2 and less than +2; and a component (A) including at least one compound represented by formula (2.1) or formula (2.2), wherein the component (A) is dielectrically negative, having a dielectric anisotropy of ?2 or less.

Abstract: The liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be used in a liquid crystal display element of an IPS type or a TN type in which display defects such as burn-in and dropping marks in high speed response are unlikely to be generated. Since the liquid crystal composition contains a component which is a dielectrically positive component including a dielectrically positive compound and a dielectrically neutral component of which dielectric anisotropy is greater than ?2 and less than +2, the liquid crystal composition has excellent characteristics that the liquid crystal composition has a liquid crystal phase in a wide temperature range, low viscosity, excellent solubility at a low temperature, high specific resistance and a high voltage holding ratio, and is stable with respect to heat and light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PS (“polymer sustained”) or PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type.

Abstract: The liquid crystal composition has a negative dielectric anisotropy, and contains a specific bicyclic compound having a large optical anisotropy and negative dielectric anisotropy as a first component and a specific tricyclic compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as a second component, and may contain a specific compound having a small viscosity as a third component, a specific compound having a large dielectric anisotropy and a small viscosity as a fourth component and a specific compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as a fifth component, and the liquid crystal display device includes the composition.

Abstract: A composition containing a compound represented by general formula (i) and a compound represented by general formula (ii): in the formulas, each of Xi1 to Xi6 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, and each of Xii1 to Xii4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nematic liquid crystal composition useful as a liquid crystal display material and showing a negative value of dielectric anisotropy (??), and to a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal composition. The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition which causes little dropping marks during manufacture without degrading characteristics, such as dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, an upper limit temperature of a nematic phase, ?1, and the like, and image sticking of a display device. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention has excellent fast response, the characteristic of causing little image sticking, and the characteristic of causing little dropping marks due to its manufacture, and are thus particularly useful for VA-mode and PSVA-mode liquid crystal display devices for active matrix driving and can be applied to liquid crystal display devices such as liquid crystal TV, a monitor, and the like.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one characteristic including a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature thereof, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, dielectric anisotropy and specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and heat, or a liquid crystal composition having a suitable balance regarding at least two characteristics; and an AM device having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio and contrast ratio and a long life; a liquid crystal composition has a negative dielectric anisotropy and contains a compound having a low minimum temperature as a first component and a compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy as a second component, and may contain a compound having a small viscosity as a third component and a compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy as a fourth component, and a liquid crystal display device containing the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerizable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PSA (“polymer sustained alignment”) type.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition and an AM liquid crystal display device are described. The liquid crystal composition has a negative dielectric anisotropy, contains a specific compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy as a first component and a two-ring compound having a small viscosity as a second component, and may further contain a specific compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy as a third component, a specific compound having a small viscosity as a fourth component and a specific compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy as a fifth component. The AM liquid crystal display device includes the liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: A liquid crystal medium having stability to heat, light and so forth, a wide temperature range of a liquid crystal phase, a large refractive index anisotropy and a large dielectric anisotropy and an optically isotropic liquid crystal phase is described. A liquid crystal composition is characterized by exhibiting the optically isotropic liquid crystal phase and containing achiral component T containing at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1) as a first component, and a chiral agent: wherein, for example, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 are independently hydrogen or fluorine, and X1 is halogen.

Abstract: A system having a vertically-aligned negative delta E nematic liquid crystal host material and a small amount of liquid crystal polymer is provided. The liquid crystal polymer improves the switching speed of a vertically aligned nematic system without sacrificing contrast or viewing angle.

Abstract: The liquid crystal composition of the present invention is used for liquid crystal display devices of an IPS mode, a TN mode, and the like that have a high response speed and do not easily cause display defectiveness such as ghosting or dropping marks. The liquid crystal composition contains a component which is a dielectrically positive component containing a dielectrically positive compound and a dielectrically neural component which exhibits dielectric anisotropy greater than ?2 and smaller than +2. The liquid crystal composition has excellent properties in which the composition forms a liquid crystal phase in a wide temperature range, has a low viscosity, dissolves excellently at a low temperature, has a high degree of specific resistance and voltage holding ratio, and is stable with respect to heat or light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition is described, satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics. An AM LCD device including the liquid crystal composition is also described. The liquid crystal composition has a nematic phase and contains a specific compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as a first component, and a specific compound having a small viscosity as a second component, and may also contain a specific compound having a high maximum temperature or a large dielectric anisotropy as a third component.

Abstract: The nematic liquid crystal composition exhibits a negative dielectric anisotropy (??), the liquid crystal composition being useful as a liquid crystal display material, and a liquid crystal display element using the same. The liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a large absolute value of the dielectric anisotropy thereof and a low viscosity. By using this liquid crystal composition, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display element which has a high contrast, high-speed responsiveness, and good display quality in which image sticking and display defects are not generated. The liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal composition is a useful display element which realizes both high-speed response and suppression of display defects. In particular, the liquid crystal display element is useful as a liquid crystal display element for active-matrix driving, and can be applied to, for example, a VA-type or PSVA-type liquid crystal display element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media (LC media) comprising thiophene derivatives and to liquid-crystal displays (LC displays) containing these LC media. The media have high optical anisotropy and preferably have a content of thiophene derivatives of 25% by weight or more.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal compound showing a large absolute value of dielectric anisotropy (|??|. A compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, in formula (1), Ra and Rb are fluorine, alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or the like, and in the alkyl, at least one of —CH2— may be replaced by —O— or the like, however, Ra and Rb are not identical; A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or the like, and in the groups, at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine; Z1, Z2, Z4 and Z5 are a single bond or the like; Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are hydrogen, fluorine or the like; and m, n, q and r are 0, 1 or 2, and a sum of m, n, q and r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.