Abstract: A method of manufacturing a charge dissipative surface layer on a member made from or consisting of a dielectric polymeric material or polymer-based composite which is intended to be used in space and other extreme environments, the member having at least one surface, in particular two opposing surfaces, each of the surfaces having a flat or a three-dimensional shape. The method includes carbonizing the at least one surface of the member in a vacuum environment through ion bombardment with simultaneous surface renewal in a dynamic way, by bombardment of the at least one surface with an ion beam formed in a gaseous linear high-current technological ion beam source of rare gas and added predetermined amount of a carbonaceous gas in the same ion beam gas admixture in order to achieve a treated carbonized surface layer with a uniform surface resistivity in a charge-dissipative range.

Abstract: This disclosure generally relates to an electronic system comprising a touch sensor and a method for manufacturing such system. This disclosure also generally relates to an electronic system comprising a transparent conductive electrode. This disclosure also generally relates to an optoelectronic system including a touch screen. This system may comprise a conductive nano-composite layer, a lamination layer, and a transparent substrate. The conductive nano-composite layer, the lamination layer, and the transparent substrate in combination may have optical transparency higher than 88% at about 550 nm, and sheet resistance lower than 45 ohms per square.

Abstract: An electrode configured to provide electrical contact with skin of a subject is provided. The electrode includes an electrode body configured to be removably coupled with the skin of the subject and to receive electrical signals from and/or transmit electrical signals to the skin of the subject, and an electrical coupling that facilitates coupling the electrode to an external computing system. The electrode body includes a conductive silicone material configured to enable uptake or diffusion of moisture from the skin of the subject over which the electrode body is disposed; and a detergent configured to facilitate a flow of ions through the conductive silicone material.

Abstract: A biomedical electrode which is detachably attached to a garment and includes: an electrode coming into contact with a living body clothed in the garment to acquire a biological signal emitted by the living body; and a locked section which is conductive, is electrically connected to the electrode, is detachably locked to a locking section which is conductive and is provided in the garment, and is electrically connected to the locking section when locked to the locking section.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes various embodiments of a structure for a composite light regulating film, methods of using the composite light regulating film, and for methods of making a composite light regulating film. The composite light regulating film can include particles and an elastomer matrix. The composite film is configured to modify in response to a force.

Abstract: Provided is a fibrous carbon nanostructure dispersion liquid having excellent fibrous carbon nanostructure dispersibility. The fibrous carbon nanostructure dispersion liquid contains a solvent and one or more fibrous carbon nanostructures that exhibit a convex upward shape in a t-plot obtained from an adsorption isotherm.

Abstract: A front-side conductive paste for a crystalline silicon solar cell chip is provided. The front-side conductive paste for a crystalline silicon solar cell chip includes, in parts by weight, 80.0-93.0 parts of a metal powder, 6.0-15.0 parts of an organic carrier, and 1.0-5.0 parts of an oxide etching agent. The oxide etching agent contains at least 10-40% of MgO, 0.1-5% of PbO, and 5-30% of Li2O based on 100% by mole, with the molar ratio of MgO:PbO being 10:5˜40:0.1, and the mole ratio of MgO:Li2O being 10:30˜40:5. The metal powder forms good ohmic contact with crystalline silicon substrate during the sintering process of the front-side conductive paste applied overlying an insulation film on the substrate. Finally, a front-side electrode of low contact resistance, good electrical conductivity, and strong adhesion is obtained.

Abstract: Provided are an engineering plastic composite and a method for producing the same. The engineering plastic composite includes a carbon fiber having a surface modified by a hydrogen plasma and including a functional group and an engineering plastic. The carbon fiber is mixed with the engineering plastic to constitute a composite.

Abstract: A method of making a composite feed material for fused deposition modeling (FDM) is disclosed. The method comprises providing composite particles made by a process of emulsion aggregation, the composite particles comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer and at least one carbon particle material. A composite feed material is formed for fused deposition modeling from the composite particles. The composite feed material is in a form selected from a filament and a paste.

Abstract: This invention is directed to stretchable polymer thick film compositions useful for wearable garments. More specifically, the polymer thick film may be used in applications where significant stretching is required, particularly on substrates that can be highly elongated. A particular type of substrate is a thermoplastic polyurethane substrate.

Abstract: By using CNF excellent in dispersibility, conductivity, and crystallinity, a conductive polymer material having high conductivity even with a low CNF content and a shaped article thereof and a conductive polymer material with a less CNF content for same conductivity and a shaped article thereof are provided. A conductive polymer material with high conductivity is produced by using carbon nanofiber with a median diameter D50 value from 0.1 to 8 ?m, powder resistivity of 0.03 ?cm or less measured under a load of 9.8 MPa, and D/G from 0.5 to 1.3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dental adhesive including a polymeric adhesive and a nanofiller dispersed in the polymeric adhesive, the nanofiller being constituted by graphene nanostructures which are properly dispersed inside the polymer adhesive and over the surface of the adhesive layer without formation of agglomerates, so that the dental adhesive exhibits significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against pathogens of the oral cavity.

Abstract: Foam beads based on thermoplastic elastomers and having a coating comprising at least one electrically conductive substance, processes for producing same by coating the foam beads with an emulsion of a conductive substance in a plasticizer, and also processes for producing bead foams by joining the foam beads together thermally via high-frequency electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Cell and batteries containing them employing a cathode having a intercalating metal oxide in combination with a sodium metal haloaluminate. At operating temperatures, the positive electrode (cathode) of the invention comprises electroactive cathode material permeated with and in physical and electrical contact with the sodium metal haloaluminate catholyte. The positive and negative electrodes are separated with a solid alkali metal conducting electrolyte. The intercalating metal oxice is not in direct physical contact with the solid electrolyte. Electric and ionic conductivity between the solid electrolyte and the positive electrode is mediated by the sodium haloaluminate catholyte. Batteries of the invention are useful for bulk energy storage, particularly for electric utility grid storage, as well as for electric vehicle propulsion.

Abstract: The transfer member for transfer-type inkjet recording of the present invention is formed so that a surface layer includes an organosiloxane compound having a polyalkylene oxide unit and the contact angle of water and the contact angle of hexadecane on the surface are 85° or more and 110° or less and 25° or more and 50° or less, respectively.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition for a base tread being excellent in fuel efficiency. In the rubber composition for a base tread, a dynamic elastic modulus E* (MPa) and a loss tangent tan ? which are measured at a temperature of 70° C., an initial strain of 10% and a dynamic strain of 2% satisfy the following general formulae (1) to (3), and a strength at break TB (MPa) and an elongation at break EB (%) which are measured according to JIS K6251 satisfy the following general formulae (4) and (5). E*/tan ??25??General formula (1) 2.0?E*?8.0??General formula (2) tan ??0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method (201) for making composite materials used in making flexible supercapacitor prototype (106). The method (201) comprises the steps of rolling the exfoliated graphite (101) using rolling instrument (103) to form an EG sheet (104). In-situ coating is done on EG sheet (104) to form flexible EG or polymer electrode which is used to make supercapacitors (106). A graphite powder (101) is added with the mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 in the ratio of 1:3 resulting in oxidized graphite. Oxidized graphite undergoes thermal shock in an isothermal furnace at a temperature of 900 degree Celsius for time duration of 2 minutes resulting in EG worms (102). These EG worms are rolled using a rolling instrument (103) to form an EG sheet (104).

Abstract: An electrochromic apparatus includes a first substrate, a first electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, a second substrate, a second electrode layer, a first extraction electrode layer, a second extraction electrode layer, and a partition wall. The first extraction electrode layer contacts the first electrode layer and is isolated from the second electrode layer and the electrochromic layer. The second extraction electrode layer contacts the second electrode layer and is isolated from the first electrode layer and the electrolyte layer. The partition wall is electrically insulative and sandwiched between the first extraction electrode layer and the electrolyte layer and between the second extraction electrode layer and the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: A thermally conductive resin molded article having a resin and a thermally conductive filler is provided. The thermally conductive filler is oriented substantially in the thickness direction of the thermally conductive resin molded article. The volumetric filling factor of the thermally conductive filler in the thermally conductive resin molded article is 20-80% by volume. Weld lines in the resin are formed substantially in the thickness direction of the thermally conductive resin molded article. An oil component is included in the thermally conductive resin molded article.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a prepreg based on polyurethane, which is notable for high storage stability at room temperature, a two-stage reaction mechanism, and adjustable adhesion on metal surfaces. It is based on the problem of making the surface tack of the prepregs controllable during processing. The solution is to assemble the PU mixture from which the matrix originates at a later stage such that the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer is above 30° C. For this purpose, the invention proposes two basically independent but certainly synergistic measures, namely: i) use of a polyol compound or a mixture of a number of polyol compounds as binder, the OH number or mean OH number of which is above 300 mg KOH/g, ii) choice of the proportion of hardener corresponding to the co-binder in the reactive composition at greater than 2% by weight, based on the total solids content of the reactive composition.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a composite bipolar plate from a composition including at least one lamellar graphite and at least one thermoplastic polymer. This method includes dry sieving of the composition with a sieve for which the mesh diameter is less than or equal to 1,000 ?m, dry blending of the sieved composition, deposition of the blended composition in a mold, this mold preferably being pre-heated, molding by thermocompression of the blended composition with induction heating of the mold, and removal from the mold of the thermocompressed composition leading to the obtaining of the composite bipolar plate. A composite bipolar plate manufactured by this method, to the use of this composite bipolar plate as well as to a fuel cell including such a composite bipolar plate.

Abstract: An electronic device and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The manufacturing method of an electronic device includes following steps: forming a flexible substrate on a rigid carrier plate; forming at least a thin-film device on the flexible substrate; forming a conductive line on the flexible substrate, wherein the conductive line is electrically connected with the thin-film device; forming at least an electrical connection pad on the flexible substrate, wherein the electrical connection pad is electrically connected with the conductive line, and the thickness of the electrical connection pad is between 2 and 20 microns; disposing at least a surface-mount device (SMD) on the flexible substrate, wherein the SMD is electrically connected with the thin-film device through the electrical connection pad and the conductive line; and removing the rigid carrier plate.

Abstract: Conductive polypropylene-based foamed resin particles foamed particles includes a resin composition containing 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene-based resin, 17.6 parts by weight to 33.4 parts by weight of conductive carbon black, and 0.1 parts by weight to 3.0 parts by weight of a water-soluble organic substance. The resin composition has a melting point (Tm) of 145° C. to 155° C., as measured by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method, and has a temperature difference (?T) of 50° C. or more between the melting point (Tm) and a crystal melting start temperature (Tl) in a DSC differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve.

Abstract: To provide a manufacturing method of graphene oxide that allows mass production through a relatively simple process, at low costs, and with safety and efficiency. A hydrogen peroxide solution, sulfuric acid, and flake graphite are put in a reaction container, and the mixture is stirred to obtain expansion graphite. The synthesized expansion graphite is washed not with pure water but with a saturated aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) or an organic solvent, whereby a large amount of sulfuric acid is contained between graphite layers. The expansion graphite is subjected to heat treatment or microwave irradiation to form expanded graphite, and a graphite layer is peeled by ultrasonic treatment and then oxidized to form a graphene compound.

Abstract: A polymer that is capable of affording a heat storage material superior in humidity permeability and shape retention after phase transition and that is superior in molding processability is provided. The polymer includes constitutional units (A) derived from ethylene, constitutional units (B) represented by a specified formula, and optionally includes constitutional units (C) represented by another specified formula. Where the total number of the units (A), the units (B), and the units (C) is 100%, the number of the units (A) accounts for 70% to 99%, the total number of the units (B) and the units (C) accounts for 1% by weight to 30% by weight. Where the total number of the units (B) and the units (C) is 100%, the number of the units (B) accounts for 1% to 100% and the number of the units (C) accounts for 0% to 99%.

Abstract: A composite material that includes a layer of reinforcing fibres impregnated with a curable resin matrix and a plurality of electrically conductive composite particles positioned adjacent or in proximity to the reinforcing fibers. Each of the electrically conductive composite particles is composed of a conductive component and a polymeric component, wherein the polymeric component includes one or more polymers that are initially in a solid phase and are substantially insoluble in the curable resin, but is able to undergo at least partial phase transition to a fluid phase during a curing cycle of the composite material.

Abstract: A glass-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin molding product is provided, which has a ring-shaped structure, and includes a thermoplastic resin, and a fibrous filler dispersed in the thermoplastic resin. The fibrous filler includes: (A) 40 to 80% of glass fibers each having a length of at least 0.05 mm and less than 0.5 mm; (B) 15 to 40% of glass fibers each having a length of at least 0.5 mm and less than 1.0 mm; (C) 5 to 30% of glass fibers each having a length of at least 1.0 mm and less than 3.0 mm; and (D) at most 1% of glass fibers each having a length of at least 3.0 mm, based on the total number of fibers of the fibrous filler present in the molding product.

Abstract: The present invention regards an article (5) comprising at least one composite material, comprising matrix material (19) and at least one micro-sized reinforcement element distributions (23), arranged in plies (13) positioned on top of each other. The nano-sized reinforcement elements (17, 17?, 17?, 17??) are arranged in between and/or inside the micro-sized reinforcement element distributions (23), the nano-sized reinforcement elements (17, 17?, 17?, 17??) having matrix material accumulation properties so as to provide a tailored increased reinforcement volume of said one or more distributions (23). The present invention regards a method for manufacture of a composite article (5) and use of the article (5).

Abstract: The present invention is a polyether-based polymer composition includes: a polyether-based polymer including an oxirane monomer unit and having one cationic group substantially only at one terminal of a polymer chain, and a nanocarbon material. The polyether-based polymer composition of the present invention can be suitably used, for example, as a bucky gel or as a master batch for preparing a nanocarbon material aqueous dispersion in which a nanocarbon material is favorably dispersed.

Abstract: An insulated electric wire comprising a conductor and an insulating layer covering the conductor, wherein the insulating layer comprises a fluorinated copolymer (A) having units based on tetrafluoroethylene and units based on a perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, the content of the units based on a perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether is from 0.1 to 1.9 mol % to the total units in the fluorinated copolymer (A); MRF of the fluorinated copolymer (A) as measured by the method in accordance with ASTM D-3307 is at least 0.1 and less than 15; the melting point of the fluorinated copolymer (A) is at least 260° C.; and the ratio of the thickness Di of the insulating layer to the diameter Dc of the conductor (Di/Dc) is less than 0.5.

Abstract: A cathode electrode material and a lithium sulfur battery are disclosed. The cathode electrode material includes the cathode binder. The cathode binder includes a polymer obtained by polymerizing a dianhydride monomer with a diamine monomer. At least one of the dianhydride monomer and the diamine monomer includes a silicon-containing monomer. The lithium sulfur battery includes an anode electrode, an electrolyte, and the cathode electrode, the cathode electrode includes a sulfur containing cathode active material, a conducting agent, and the cathode binder.

Abstract: A triggering condition is applied to a conductive polymer positioned in a drilled hole in a printed circuit board. The applied triggering condition causes the polymer to vertically expand within the drilled hole such that the expanded polymer creates an electrically conductive path between contact pads located in different layers of the printed circuit board.

Abstract: There is provided an electric connection member having a substrate, an insulating adhesive layer provided on the substrate, and a conductive interconnect, wherein the electric connection member is provided with a recess that opens at a side of the insulating adhesive layer, the conductive interconnect is disposed in the recess, a metal nano-ink is disposed on the conductive interconnect, and all of the metal nano-ink is contained inside the recess.

Abstract: There is provided a frame body used for a cell of a redox flow battery, that can improve heat dissipation of an electrolyte in a slit and can suppress rise of the temperature of the electrolyte. It is a frame body used for a cell of a redox flow battery, comprising: an opening formed inside the frame body; a manifold allowing an electrolyte to pass therethrough; and a slit which connects the manifold and the opening and forms a channel of the electrolyte between the manifold and the opening, the slit having a pair of sidewalls facing each other in a cross section orthogonal to a direction in which the electrolyte flows, the slit having, at at least a portion thereof in the slit's depthwise direction, a width narrowing portion allowing the sidewalls to have a spacing narrowed in the depthwise direction.

Abstract: A capacitor whose electrical properties can be stable under a variety of different conditions is provided. The solid electrolyte of the capacitor is formed from a combination of an in situ polymerized conductive polymer and a hydroxy-functional nonionic polymer. One benefit of such an in situ polymerized conductive polymer is that it does not require the use of polymeric counterions (e.g., polystyrenesulfonic anion) to compensate for charge, as with conventional particle dispersions, which tend to result in ionic polarization and instable electrical properties, particularly at the low temperatures noted above. Further, it is believed that hydroxy-functional nonionic polymers can improve the degree of contact between the polymer and the surface of the internal dielectric, which unexpectedly increases the capacitance performance and reduces ESR.

Abstract: A corrosion protected metal pipe for installation in an offshore structure or for producing a pipeline laid in water is provided. The metal pipe has an at least two-layer covering on the pipe with a lower layer facing the pipe and an upper layer on a side of the lower layer not facing the pipe is provided. The layers are formed such that the lower layer is electrically conductive and the upper layer is electrically insulating, the lower layer is optically contrasting to the upper layer, or the lower layer is electrically conducting and optically contrasting to the upper layer and the upper layer is electrically insulating. Thus, in the event of damage to the layer or layers lying above, a visual or electrical signal can be detected. Damage to the corrosion protection covering can therefore be detected easily and, if appropriate, reported by remote monitoring.

Abstract: Existing methods of producing high quality graphene/graphite oxides are generally accomplished by exfoliating graphite into flakes and oxidizing the graphite flakes with strong oxidizers under extreme conditions and require careful purification. The oxidizers are typically strong acids used in high concentrations at elevated temperatures requiring complicated purification processes to yield oxidized graphene/sheets. The existing processes can cost up to $12,000/gram. This invention uses a mild oxidant combined with mechanical processing where the sole products are oxidized graphite/graphene and water without the need for further purification.

Abstract: Sensors incorporating piezoresistive materials are described. One class of includes conductive traces formed directly on or otherwise integrated with the piezoresistive material.

Abstract: A cathode electrode material and a lithium sulfur battery are disclosed. The cathode electrode material includes a sulfur containing cathode active material, a conducting agent, and a cathode binder. The cathode binder includes a polymer obtained by polymerizing a dianhydride monomer with a diamine monomer. The lithium sulfur battery includes an anode electrode, an electrolyte, and a cathode electrode.

Abstract: An anisotropic conductive film is thermo-polymerizable and includes an electrically insulating base layer, an adhesive layer, an intermediate layer sandwiched therebetween, and electrically conductive particles retained by any of the layers. The intermediate layer and the adhesive layer each have a melt viscosity higher than the melt viscosity of the electrically insulating base layer. The electrically conductive particles are independent of one another when the anisotropic conductive film is viewed in plan. The modulus of elasticity of the anisotropic conductive film as a whole, at 100° C., after thermal polymerization, is higher than 1800 MPa.

Abstract: There is provided a frame body used for a cell of a redox flow battery, that can improve heat dissipation of an electrolyte in a slit and can suppress rise of the temperature of the electrolyte. It is a frame body used for a cell of a redox flow battery, comprising: an opening formed inside the frame body; a manifold allowing an electrolyte to pass therethrough; and a slit which connects the manifold and the opening and forms a channel of the electrolyte between the manifold and the opening, the slit having a pair of sidewalls facing each other in a cross section orthogonal to a direction in which the electrolyte flows, the slit having, at at least a portion thereof in the slit's depthwise direction, a width narrowing portion allowing the sidewalls to have a spacing narrowed in the depthwise direction.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a conductive polymer dispersion is provided as is an improved method for making capacitors using the conductive polymer. The process includes providing a monomer solution and shearing the monomer solution with a rotor-stator mixing system comprising a perforated stator screen having perforations thereby forming droplets of said monomer. The droplets of monomer are then polymerized during shearing to form the conductive polymer dispersion.

Abstract: A substrate for a printed circuit board according to the present invention includes a base film having an insulating property and including at least one opening; a first conductive layer that is formed on both surfaces of the base film by applying and heat-treating a conductive ink containing metal particles, and that fills the at least one opening; and a second conductive layer formed, by plating, on at least one of surfaces of the first conductive layer. The metal particles preferably have a mean particle size of 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic composition for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes, comprising an active catalyst and a catalytic support, the active catalyst comprising a mixture of iron and cobalt in any oxidation form and the catalytic support comprising exfoliated vermiculite.

Abstract: A method of making a nano-reinforcement filler material for an epoxy resin system for a composite structure is provided. The method includes forming a polymer suspension of polymer nanoparticles suspended in deionized (DI) water, and sonicating the polymer suspension. The method includes forming a graphene oxide (GO) suspension of GO sheets suspended in DI water, and sonicating the GO suspension. The method includes mixing the sonicated polymer suspension and the sonicated GO suspension to obtain a sonicated mixture. The method includes heating the sonicated mixture in an inert atmosphere at an effective temperature, and using an electrostatic process to uniformly wrap individual polymer nanoparticles with individual GO sheets, via an electrostatic interaction reaction, to obtain the nano-reinforcement filler material comprising polymer-GO core-shell nanoparticles. The method includes washing and drying the nano-reinforcement filler material, and using it in the epoxy resin system for the composite structure.

Abstract: A cell frame for a redox flow battery comprises: a bipolar plate; and a frame body provided at an outer periphery of the bipolar plate, the frame body including a manifold which penetrates through front and back surfaces of the frame body and through which an electrolyte flows, and at least one slit being formed on the front surface of the frame body and forming a channel of the electrolyte between the manifold and the bipolar plate, a cross sectional shape of the slit, in a longitudinal direction of the slit, having a width w and a depth h, the width w and the depth h satisfying (A) w?3 mm and (B) 1/8<h/w<1.

Abstract: An anisotropic conductive film for anisotropically conductively connecting a terminal of a first electronic component and a terminal of a second electronic component, the anisotropic conductive film including: a conductive particle-containing layer, which contains an adhesive layer-forming component and conductive particles, wherein the conductive particle-containing layer has two endothermic peaks in differential scanning calorimetry where endothermic peak temperatures are measured under conditions that a measuring temperature range is from 10° C. to 250° C. and a heating speed is 10° C./min, and wherein T2 is 30° C. or higher, and T4?T2 is greater than 0° C. but 80° C. or less, where T2 is a temperature of the endothermic peak present at a lower temperature side, and T4 is a temperature of the endothermic peak present at a higher temperature side.

Abstract: A compound of Formula A-1: where n is an integer and R is C1-10 alkyl. In some cases, n is an integer of 1 to 20 or 5 to 15. R may be substituted or unsubstituted. An adhesive composition may include a compound of Formula A-1. The adhesive composition may include at least one of a crosslinker, a catalyst, and a solvent. An imprint lithography stack may include a substrate and an adhesion layer adhered to the substrate, where the adhesion layer includes a compound of Formula A-1. Forming an adhesion layer on an imprint lithography substrate includes disposing an adhesive composition on the imprint lithography substrate and polymerizing the adhesive composition to yield the adhesion layer on the substrate, where the adhesive composition includes a compound of Formula A-1, where n is an integer and R is C1-10 alkyl.

Abstract: A flexible sheet of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material formed of a polymer resin and a conductive filler, the sheet of PTC material having a thickness in a range of 10 ?m to 100 ?m. A method for forming the flexible sheet of positive temperature coefficient material may include preparing a PTC ink from a polymer resin, a conductive filler, and a solvent, applying the PTC ink to a substrate, pulling a blade over the PTC ink to create a uniformly thick layer of the PTC ink on the substrate, and allowing the PTC ink to dry so that the solvent evaporates and leaves a solid layer of PTC material on the substrate.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a composition that can be used to heal cracks in plastics and other substrates. In the present invention, a composition comprising nanotubes, healing agent(s), and end caps for the nanotubes may be used to heal crack(s) as they begin to occur. With the composition, the healing agent(s) are contained within the nanotubes, and a reaction releases the healing agent(s) after the end caps can be removed from the nanotubes. This invention also includes a method of preparing a composition for healing cracks in plastics and other substrates. For this method, the healing agent(s) are filled inside of the nanotubes, and then end caps are bound onto the ends of the nanotubes. After a reaction occurs to remove the end caps and release the healing agent(s), the cracks within the substrate may then be healed.