Abstract: There is disclosed a compound Formula I In Formula I: Z is CR4R5, C?CR4R5, SiR4R5, GeR4R5, NR4a, PR4a, P(O)R4a, O, S, SO, SO2, Se; SeO, SeO2, Te, TeO, or TeO2; R1-R3 are the same or different at each occurrence and are D, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, amino, silyl, germyl, deuterated aryl, deuterated heteroaryl, deuterated alkyl, deuterated amino, deuterated silyl, or deuterated germyl, where two groups selected from R1, R2, and R3 can be joined together to form a fused ring; R4-R5 are the same or different at each occurrence and are H, D, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, amino, silyl, germyl, deuterated aryl, deuterated heteroaryl, deuterated alkyl, deuterated amino, deuterated silyl, or deuterated germyl; R4ais alkyl, silyl, germyl, aryl, or a deuterated analog thereof; a is an integer from 0-4; b and c are the same or different and are an integer from 0-3.

Abstract: An insulated wire includes a conductor, and an insulation layer covering an outer periphery of the conductor. The insulation layer includes a halogen-free flame-retardant resin composition including a base polymer, not less than 1 part by mass and not more than 10 parts by mass of an amorphous silica and not less than 10 parts by mass and not more than 150 parts by mass of a halogen-free flame retardant relative to 100 parts by mass of the base polymer. The base polymer includes not less than 50 parts by mass and not more than 90 parts by mass of either an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or an ethylene-butene copolymer and not less than 10 parts by mass and not more than 50 parts by mass of a low-density polyethylene.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula Ar(—CH2C6Br5)y, wherein Ar indicates a structure comprising one or more six-membered aromatic ring(s) and —CH2C6Br5 indicates a pentabromobenzyl group, characterized in that at least one carbon atom of said six-membered aromatic ring(s) is bonded to the benzylic carbon of said —CH2C6Br5 group, wherein y, which indicates the number of the —CH2C6Br5 groups in said compound, is not less than 1. Processes for preparing the compounds and their use as flame retardants are also disclosed.

Abstract: This application relates to a polyolefin composition comprising a polyolefin and an aromatic compound. The polyolefin composition can be used in producing medium and high voltage cables with improved electrical breakdown strength.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are disclosed. The azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are mixtures of Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and a third component. Also disclosed are compositions where the third component is cyclopentane, methanol, dimethyoxymethane, methyl formate or perfluoro ethyl isopropyl ketone. Also disclosed is a process of preparing a thermoplastic or thermoset foam by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as blowing agents. Also disclosed is a process of producing refrigeration by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as solvents. Also disclosed is a process of producing an aerosol product by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as heat transfer media.

Abstract: A medium for electrophoretic display using a liquid for electrophoretic display which can reversibly change a visible state by action of an electric field includes a medium comprising each independent structures of microcapsules or cells filled with a liquid for electrophoretic display comprising at least alkylpolyetheramine having a structural unit represented by a specific structural formula, one or more kinds of fine particles, a dispersant and a dispersion liquid medium, wherein the fine particles contain fine particles subjected to surface treatment for making lipophilic. Also, an electrophoretic display device includes a display device comprising a pair of substrates in which a light-transmitting electrode is formed on at least one substrate and the medium for electrophoretic display described above between the substrates.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel electrophoretic composition having improved colloidal stability, switching performance and temperature latitude.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid comprises an isoparaffinic base oil and hydrogen donor compound. The base oil may be a hydroisomerized isoparaffinic oil, and the hydrogen donor may be a substituted, or partially saturated aromatic compound. The resulting dielectric fluid exhibits negative hydrogen gassing properties along with good oxidative stability and low temperature performance.

Abstract: The invention is an energy efficient, thermochromic device that may be used to allow sunlight or solar radiation into a building or structure when the ambient temperature is low and substantially blocks solar radiation when the ambient temperature is high, especially when sunlight is directly on the window.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dielectric composition having improved gas absorption for electrical devices which comprises from 99% to 70% by weight of a mineral oil and from 1% to 30% by weight of at least one polyarylalkane composition.

Abstract: Novel dielectric liquids for such electrical components as transformers, capacitors and cables, especially adopted for low temperature applications, comprise immixtures of benzyltoluene, (methylbenzyl)toluene, benzylxylene and (methylbenzyl)xylene, and optionally include the benzyl or methylbenzyl derivatives thereof; these immixtures are facilely prepared by chlorinating a mixture of xylene and toluene and then adding a catalytically effective amount of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst to the medium of chlorination.

Abstract: Novel dielectric liquids for such electrical components as transformers, capacitors and cables, especially adopted for low temperature applications, comprise a mixture of benzyltoluene and (methylbenzyl)xylene isomers, notably a mixture of benzyltoluene/dibenzyltoluene isomers with (methylbenzyl)xylene/di(methylbenzyl)xylene isomers.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyglycerol fatty acid ester mixtures in which a polyglycerol mixture of 0.1 to 20 wt % monoglycerol, 20 to 35 wt % diglycerol, 30 to 40 wt % triglycerol and 49.9 to 5 wt % tetra- and higher polyglycerols is reacted with one or more fatty acids, selected from the saturated C.sub.8 - to C.sub.18 -fatty acids (containing 0 to 15 wt % unsaturated fatty acids), in a molar ratio of the polyglycerol to the fatty acid component of 0.3:1.5 to 1.5:0.5 in the presence of at least one catalyst and at reduced pressure, by initially heating the reaction mixture to at least 140.degree. C. and reducing the pressure to at least 600 mbar and then heating the reaction mixture at a temperature from 140.degree. to 220.degree. C. and reducing the pressure from 600 to 10 mbar. After completion of the reaction, the resulting polyglycerol fatty acid ester mixture is cooled and optionally worked up and/or purified.

Abstract: Dielectric liquids are prepared by (a) Friedel-Crafts condensing at least one aromatic halide with at least one aromatic compound in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of ferric chloride, and thereafter deliberately avoiding any downstream destruction/neutralization and/or washing of such ferric chloride catalyst, (b) optionally, removing unreacted reactants from the medium of reaction, and (c) recovering from such medium of reaction a purified dielectric liquid; the subject process is thus environmentally improved by avoiding the generation of aqueous solutions containing contaminating amounts of objectionable organic compounds.

Abstract: An electro-rheological fluid which comprises a solid particulate substance contained in a hydrophobic vehicle which is liquid at atmospheric pressure at least at temperatures below 50.degree. C. and which comprises a compound of the formula:(X).sub.n --Ar[Q--Z].sub.pwherein:Ar represents an aromatic nucleus;Q represents an oxygen or a sulphur atom, or a group of the formula CY.sub.1 Y.sub.2, SO, SO.sub.2, SiF.sub.2, --OSi(Y.sub.1 Y.sub.2)O-- in which Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.

Abstract: A method for the destruction of halogenated organic compounds contained in a contaminated medium comprises adding an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol to the contaminated medium in an amount to provide from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of polyethylene glycol, based on the weight of the contaminated medium. An alkali metal hydroxide is then added in an amount of from about 2 to about 20 weight percent, based on the weight of the contaminated medium. The medium is then heated to substantially dehydrate the medium and then further heated at a temperature between about 100.degree. and 350.degree. C. to effect destruction of the halogenated organic compounds. An acid is then added to the medium in an amount sufficient to neutralize the same.

Abstract: Novel dielectrically improved liquid compositions include at least one electrical insulating oil (A), e.g., benzyltoluene or oligomers thereof, and at least one aldehyde (B) containing at least six carbon atoms, or a functionally substituted such aldehyde, e.g., 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid which comprises a liquid continuous phase and, dispersed therein, at least one dispersed phase and which is capable of functioning as such when at least the dispersed phase is substantially anhydrous.

Abstract: Organic functional fluids containing halogenated organic compounds present as contaminants therein are treated in an inert atmosphere with a NaPEG decomposition reagent which is prepared in an inert atmosphere, thereby to produce a functional fluid phase substantially free of the halogenated organic compound and a reagent residue phase containing a derivative of the contaminant having a reduced halogen content. The latter may be further dehalogenated by reacting the reagent residue with a NaPEG reagent in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: Dielectric, cooling or arc-extinguishing fluids comprise a mixture of tetrachlorodifluoroethane and perchloroethylene, optionally with incorporation of a third component which is preferably trichlorotrifluoroethane. Transformer and circuit-interrupter apparatus containing such dielectric fluids are also described.

Abstract: Electroviscous (EV) fluids consisting of solid hydrophilic particles dispersed in hydrophobic liquids, where the liquid contains a diaryl derivative component of general formula I ##STR1## in which R is CY.sub.2,O,S,SO,SO.sub.2,SiF.sub.2, or O--SiY.sub.2 --O,X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are halogens, (m+n) is between 1 and 3 on average, and (p+q) is between 0 and 1 on average. EV fluids containing these novel components possess generally improved properties in terms of lower viscosities, electrical conductivities, toxicities and freezing points. In a preferred embodiment, the component is a mixture of brominated diphenyl methanes in which R is CH.sub.2,n=O,X.sup.1 =Br,(m+n) is approximately one, and (p+q)=0.

Abstract: An electroviscous (EV) fluid composition whose fluid properties are altered in the presence of an electric field comprises water-containing particles of a phenol-formaldehyde polymer dispersed in a non-conducting liquid. The composition, selected from the broad range of fluid compositions of UK Pat. No. 1570234, possesses improved fluid properties combined with markedly reduced electrical conductivity, and is thus more suitable for use in applications such as at the interface between electronics and power hydraulics for example.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the polymer comprises the dilithium salt of 2,2', 4,4' tetrahydroxybenzophenone condensed with formaldehyde, dispersed at 30% V/V in a mixture of brominated diphenyl methane (BDM) liquid components having the averaged formula C.sub.6 H.sub.4 Br.CH.sub.2.C.sub.6 H.sub.5.

Abstract: A novel trifluoropropyl derivative of mono-substituted benzene represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is halogen atom, trifluoromethyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, or phenoxy group not substituted or mono-substituted by 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group, and n is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that the total number of 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group of the derivative of mono-substituted benzene is at most 3, and a process for producing the derivative of mono-substituted benzene.

Abstract: New compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where n, x, y and z have value 1 or 2, their process of preparation and their use as dielectrics such as insulating fluids for transformers alone or in mixture with one or more products of general formula: ##STR2## where a varies from 2 to 4, b varies from 0 to 2 and R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Organic functional fluids containing halogenated organic compounds present as contaminants therein are treated with a NaPEG decomposition reagent in an inert atmosphere to produce a functional fluid phase substantially free of the halogenated organic compound and a reagent residue phase containing a partially dehalogenated organic derivative therein. The latter may be further dehalogenated by reacting the reagent residue with oxygen.

Abstract: A liquid halogenated hydrogenated hydrocarbon composition suitable for use as a dielectric and/or arc-extinguishing fluid in electrical apparatus, which comprises(a) a major proportion by weight of one or more halogenated paraffinic hydrocarbons having at least 8 carbon atoms and containing from 40% to 70% by weight of halogn based on the halogenated paraffinic hydrocarbon, and(b) a minor proportion by weight of at least one non-flammable viscosity-reducing additive for the halogenated paraffinic hydrocarbon (a) which contains at least 50% by weight of halogen based on the additive and is a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.Suitable electrical apparatus may comprise a circuit interruption device such as a switchgear.

Abstract: Novel 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl derivatives of naphthalene or methylnaphthalene of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 respectively represent hydrogen atom or methyl group, with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 do not simultaneously represent methyl group; m and n respectively represent zero or 1, with the proviso that the sum of m and n is 1, and a process for preparing the derivatives are disclosed. The derivatives are suitable as a dielectric material.

Abstract: Polypropylene glycol dielectric fluids are used to impregnate electrical capacitors and particularly metallized capacitors for improved performance.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid for a capacitor includes a mixture of phthalate ester, polychlorinated benzene and a linear alkylbenzene.

Abstract: A transformer is disclosed which contains a dielectric fluid of tetrachloroethylene. The dielectric fluid is ultra pure in that it contains less than 100 ppm of chlorohydrocarbons. A diluent, such as mineral oil, may be mixed with the tetrachloroethylene. The fluid can also contain 30 to 100 ppm of an inhibitor.

Abstract: Biodegradable functional fluids useful as dielectric fluids, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids, plasticizers or dye solvents comprise at least one halogenated diphenylmethane compound represented by the structure ##STR1## where each X is individually chlorine, bromine or fluorine; n is a whole number from 1 to 4; each R is individually an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and m is zero or a whole number from 1 to 3.