Abstract: A near-infrared absorbent is obtained by heating a dimerized thiourea derivative of Formula ?1! or ?2! and a copper compound: ##STR1## The near-infrared absorbent is used to obtain a near-infrared absorbent resin material having a wide absorption in the near-infrared region, and the absorbent does not substantially decompose at a molding temperature of the resin. Typical examples of the dimerized thiourea derivative are 4,4'-di(benzylthiocarbamoyl)-aminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-di(benzylthiocarbamoyl)-aminodiphenylhexafluoropropane, and 1,4'-di(dibenzoylthiocarbamoylamino)-2,5-dimethylbenzene, and typical examples of the copper compound are copper stearate and copper .beta.-acryloyloxypropylhydrogenphthalate.

Abstract: Organosilicon polymers, including crosslinked polymers and crosslinkable prepolymers, of cyclic polysiloxanes, organic dyes, and, optionally, polyenes. The dyes include those with delocalized Pi electron systems linking electron donor groups and electron acceptor groups, and with at least two carbon--carbon double bond-containing pendant groups attached to at least two different sites from among the indicated delocalized Pi electron systems, donor groups, and acceptor groups.

Abstract: A phthalocyanine near infrared absorber having a broad absorption range in the near infrared region and represented by the following formula (1): ##STR1## wherein each of the groups is defined.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical composition and a method of forming the nonlinear optical composition are disclosed. The nonlinear optical composition includes a silicon-containing component and a nonlinear optical component which causes the nonlinear optical composition to exhibit second order nonlinear optical polarization of electromagnetic radiation, such as light. The method includes forming a sol of the silicon-containing component and the nonlinear optical component of the composition. A gel is formed from the sol. The nonlinear optical component is then poled while the gel is exposed to conditions sufficient to cause formation of a nonlinear optical composition which exhibits second order nonlinear optical polarization of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method and associated structures are disclosed for locating a laser beam that has a wavelength outside of the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The method comprises positioning a sample of a polycrystalline nonlinear frequency converting compound generally linearly downstream from a laser source, and then detecting the emission from the polycrystalline frequency converting compound to thereby identify the position of the original laser beam. In preferred embodiments, the polycrystalline nonlinear frequency converting compound comprises KTP.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical material comprises a solid solution of an organic guest compound having an electron donative group or an electron attractive group. The organic guest compound is contained in the nonlinear optical material preferably an oriented form through orientation under melting by application of a DC electric field. The guest compound is preferably a para-di-substituted benzene derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an electron donative group and B is an electron attractive group.

Abstract: Alkali metal quaternary chalcogenides and process for the preparation. The chalcogenides have the formula A.sub.x B.sub.y C.sub.z D.sub.n containing (CD.sub.4).sup.4- or (C.sub.2 D.sub.6).sup.4- ions where A is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and a mixture of alkali metals, B is selected from the group consisting of mercury, zinc and manganese, C is a metal selected from the group consisting of germanium and tin and D is selected from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, wherein x, y, z and n are molar amounts which provide non-linear optical transmission properties. These chalcogenides are useful as non-linear optical transmission crystals.

Abstract: Alkali metal quaternary chalcogenides and process for the preparation. The chalcogenides have the formula A.sub.x B.sub.y C.sub.z D.sub.n containing (CD.sub.4).sup.4- or (C.sub.2 D.sub.6).sup.4- ions where A is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and a mixture of alkali metals, B is selected from the group consisting of mercury, zinc and manganese, C is a metal selected from the group consisting of germanium and tin and D is selected from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, wherein x, y, z and n are molar amounts which provide non-linear optical transmission properties. These chalcogenides are useful as non-linear optical transmission crystals.

Abstract: A bleachable composition, including an acid photogenerator and a near-infrared radiation-absorbing dye or pigment, is utilized in a method of migration imaging to prevent unwanted absorptions. This composition can be incorporated either in the thermoplastic imaging surface layer of the imaging element, in the marking particles applied to the element, or both. Alternatively, the components of the bleachable composition can be separated with one in the thermoplastic imaging surface layer and the other in the marking particles. After the imaging element is marked and exposed with near-infrared radiation, the bleachable composition caused exposed portions of the imaging element to be bleached. If further bleaching is needed, the element can subsequently be exposed with near-ultraviolet radiation. A migration imaging method, which does not employ the bleachable composition of the present invention, wherein marking particles are magnetically attracted to the imaging element, is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a plastic optical filter which has a combined optical function that it has an effect of effectively blocking or attenuating rays in the wavelength range of a near infrared region and excellent luminosity factor-compensating ability and is provided with an optical low-pass filtering function, and is low in specific gravity and hygroscopicity, free from devitrification with time and easy to conduct its processing or machining and polishing treatment.This plastic optical filter includes a filter base formed of a plastic material comprising a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer represented by the following formula I:PO(OH).sub.n R.sub.3-n Iwherein R means a polymerizable functional group represented by the following formula II:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CXCOO(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.

Abstract: A method and associated structures are disclosed for locating a laser beam that has a wavelength outside of the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The method comprises positioning a sample of a polycrystalline nonlinear frequency converting compound generally linearly downstream from a laser source, and then detecting the emission from the polycrystalline frequency converting compound to thereby identify the position of the original laser beam. In preferred embodiments, the polycrystalline nonlinear frequency converting compound comprises KTP.

Abstract: A new nonlinear organic optical material having a high Second Harmonic Generation capability and a method of manufacturing the same is disclosed. Energy-beam sensitive monomer molecules having large molecular dipole-moments are sandwiched between two facing orientation films formed on respective substrates, and the energy-beam sensitive parts in said molecules are polymerized by irradiation with an energy-beam such as an X-ray beam after the dipole-moments of the energy-beam sensitive monomer molecules are aligned by applying a magnetic or an electric field. As a result of this, no cancellation of dipole-moments takes place, and polymers having extremely high dipole-moments and high Second Harmonic Generation efficiency can be derived and manufactured.

Abstract: A new class of proton transfer, benzazole, fluorescent compounds is composed of a 2-benzazolyl moiety covalently bonded to an aromatic fused ring heterocyclic moiety. The 2-benzazolyl moiety may be a 2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, or 2-benzimidazolyl. The aromatic fused ring heterocyclic moiety may be a 3-dibenzofuranyl or 3-dibenzothiophenyl each substituted at the 2 position with a proton donating group, or a 2-carbazolyl substituted at the 3 position with a proton donating group. The proton donating group may be hydroxy, sulfonamido, carbonamido, and the like, and preferably is hydroxy. The fluors are soluble in organic matrix materials such as solvents, monomers, resins, polymers, and the like. The UV-excited fluors emit short-lived fluorescence at .gtoreq.520 nm and may be used in the manufacture of fluorescent coatings, objects, scintillators, light sources and the like.

Abstract: SiO.sub.2 aerogels containing carbon particles are obtainable by heatinga) organically modified SiO.sub.2 aerogels in the presence of at least one pyrolyzable hydrocarbon gas and/or at least one inert gas orb) organically unmodified SiO.sub.2 aerogels in the presence of at least one pyrolyzable hydrocarbon gas and in the presence or absence of inert gases to 600.degree.-1300.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a non-linear optically active (NLO) side chain polycarbonate and to NLO active waveguides containing said polycarbonate. Waveguides containing this NLO polycarbonate have a low loss of signal. Polycarbonates based on bischloroformates of hexafluorobisphenol A, hexafluorotetrabromobisphenol A and bisphenol S or deuterated bisphenol A or sulphonylbiphenol are especially preferred within the framework of the invention: they were found to give an exceptionally low loss of signal. The invention further pertains to cross-linkable and already cross-linked polycarbonates. Especially preferred polycarbonates according to the invention are those where the diol comprises a rigid donor group. These polycarbonates have a high Tg, which renders them thermally stable.

Abstract: Near-infrared absorbers which contain phthalocyanine derivatives in which the four benzene rings contained in the molecule independently have 1 to 4 substituents are light and thermal resistant and possess high molar extinction coefficients. Such near-infrared absorbers are useful in optical recording media, near-infrared absorption filters, and liquid crystal display devices.

Abstract: A liquid (ionized) composition emitting far infrared rays and a method for preparation thereof which can be used for a variety of applications is disclosed. The composition is prepared according to a preparing method, comprising the steps of: dissolving sodium silicate, sodium aluminate, sodium oxide, sodium thiosulfate, germanium dioxide, and highly pure white sugar at a temperature of 20.degree. to 40.degree. C. and mixing the dissolved solutions to resultingly prepare a first solution; adding a second solution made by ionizing gold to chloroauric acid and a third solution made by ionizing silver nitrate to silver thiosulfate to the first solution; and maintaining the resultant mixture at ordinary temperature (15.degree. to 25.degree. C.) for 48 to 72 hours. The highly pure white sugar of the first solution in the composition may further comprise an aqueous potassium carbonate solution added therein.

Abstract: A bleachable composition, including an acid photogenerator and a near-infrared radiation-absorbing dye or pigment, is utilized in a method of migration imaging to prevent unwanted absorptions. This composition can be incorporated either in the thermoplastic imaging surface layer of the imaging element, in the marking particles applied to the element, or both. Alternatively, the components of the bleachable composition can be separated with one in the thermoplastic imaging surface layer and the other in the marking particles. After the imaging element is marked and exposed with near-infrared radiation, the bleachable composition causes exposed portions of the imaging element to be bleached. If further bleaching is needed, the element can subsequently be exposed with near-ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: Novel squarylium dyestuffs are formed by condensing one molecular equivalent of squaric acid with two molecular equivalents of a heterocyclic intermediate of the formula ##STR1## in which X is an optionally substituted ethylene or o-phenylene group; Y is an optionally substituted methylene or imino group, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or (if X is ethylene) a direct bond; and R.sub.1 through R.sub.5 are various substituents or (except for R.sub.2 and R.sub.5) hydrogen. A preferred class of dyestuffs are those formed from intermediates in which Y is methylene or a direct bond, the former including 7-acylaminotetrahydroquinolines and the latter including 6-acylaminoindolines. Thus, two molecular equivalents of each of 1-methyl-7-acetamido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and 6-acetamido-1,2,3, 3-tetramethylindoline were condensed with one molecular equivalent of squaric acid to produce respective dyes each having an absorption maximum substantially coincident with the ruby-laser wavelength of 694 nm.

Abstract: Alkali metal quaternary chalcogenides and process for the preparation. The chalcogenides have the formula A.sub.x B.sub.y C.sub.z D.sub.n containing (CD.sub.4).sup.4- or (C.sub.2 D.sub.6).sup.4- ions where A is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and a mixture of alkali metals, B is selected from the group consisting of mercury, zinc and manganese, C is a metal selected from the group consisting of germanium and tin and D is selected from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, wherein x, y, z and n are molar amounts which provide non-linear optical transmission properties. These chalcogenides are useful as non-linear optical transmission crystals.

Abstract: Infrared, visible or mm. radiation is screened by an aerosol comprising flakes (0.03-0.3.times.1.5-20 microns) of aluminum metal composition, having a mass extinction coefficient of at least 4.5 m.sup.2 /g in respect of infrared radiation and at least 3.5 m.sup.2 /g in respect of visible radiation. The invention includes also the flakes per se, and formulations containing them, the flakes being additionally characterized by the facts that the amount of manufacturing process additive with which they are coated has been reduced to between 0 and 2.5 weight percent, and that they have a bulk density at least 0.5, preferably at least 1.5 g/cc. The reduction in the coating additive may be achieved by modifying the amount of additive used in the manufacturing process, or by treating the conventionally manufactured flakes with solvents to reduce the amount of coating additive to the desired level.

Abstract: Disclosed are liquid-crystalline and infrared-sensitive liquid-crystalline polyesters for optical data storage, processes for the preparation of the same, and an apparatus comprising an infrared-sensitive liquid-crystalline polyester. Owing to covalently bonded dye the liquid crystalline polyester is infrared sensitive and high concentrations of dye are obtainable, without having detrimental effects on the properties of the liquid-crystalline polyester. This results in a highly sensitive liquid-crystalline polyester for optical data storage. Infrared dyes which are preferably bonded in liquid-crystalline polyester are croconium, squarilium, azo, and azamethine dyes.

Abstract: An electronic attenuation and camouflage device comprising a novel cooling device comprised of microspheres; an additional set of microspheres containing radar attenuating materials <RAM> capable of absorbing certain frequencies; and an additional set of microspheres containing electro-reactive substances enabling color change of a structure to match background, all comprising structures or being placed in a matrix; a structure; a machined part; a coating; or a series of matrices, structures, parts or coatings, which combined structures enable concealment of an object.

Abstract: An infrared-ray cutoff material having a structure in which tin-doped indium oxide powder (ITO) powder is dispersed in an inorganic or organic matrix. The material can be in the form of a coating on a substrate available by applying a composition comprising ITO powder, a binder (an organic resin and/or a metal alkoxide) and a solvent (an organic solvent, water and/or alcohol) onto the substrate and drying the same. It may also be in the form of a film, a sheet, a fiber or other shape available by forming a composition made by dispersing ITO powder in an organic polymer. The ITO powder should preferably have an x-value of from 0.220 to 0.295 and a y-value of from 0.235 to 0.352 on the xy chromaticity scale, a lattice constant of from 10.110 to 10.160 .ANG., and a minimum cutoff wavelength of up to 1,000 nm. The infrared-ray cutoff material of the present invention is transparent within the visible region and can totally cut off infrared rays of wavelengths ranging from relatively shorter ones.

Abstract: A near-infrared absorbing transparent resin composition prepared by melt-kneading 100 parts by weight of a transparent resin, 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of cupric sulfide and, if necessary, further 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a specific thiourea derivative and/or 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a specific amide derivative, and a molded article of a near-infrared absorbing transparent resin produced by molding the above composition into a sheet or film.

Abstract: An optical article, for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation. The optical article includes a medium, which exhibits a second-order electric susceptibility greater than 10.sup.-9 electrostatic units. The medium includes polar aligned dipole subunits. Each dipole subunit has a plurality of noncentrosymmetric molecular dipoles and a connector system. Each molecular dipole has an electron donor moiety, an electron acceptor moiety, and a linking moiety. The linking moiety has a pair of covalent bonds to the connector system. Each molecular dipole has a conjugated .pi. bonding system extending from the electron donor moiety along the linking moiety to the electron acceptor moiety to permit oscillation of the molecular dipole between a ground state and an excited state, which states differ in polarity. The connector system joins the linking moieties to complete a solitary ring or a system of fused rings, which retain the molecular dipoles in substantially parallel relative relation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an infrared ray transmitting material, even large-sized one being manufacturable at a low price, consisting of a polycrystal not liable to cleavage, which makes only a slight absorption of infrared rays all over the region of 8-11 .mu.m wave lengths, thus being highly transmissive. The material is a polycrystalline barium fluoride sintered body excellent in transmission to infrared region of 8-11 .mu.m wave lengths, one that is most excellent in the infrared transmission being produced by a method comprising the hot press sintering and the HIP treatment in combination, one that gives somewhat inferior transmission but which is low-priced by a method comprising the CIP molding and the normal pressure sintering in combination, and one that regarded as intermediate between the aforementioned two by a method comprising the CIP molding, normal-pressure sintering and the HIP treatment in combination, in all cases entirely without addition of any binder or sintering aid.

Abstract: A coating composition for the attenuation of the reflection electromagnetic radiation and particularly electromagnetic radiation have a wavelength of greater than 800 nm including the near infrared is described. The composition comprises a chromophore capable of absorbing up to about 95% of the electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than 800 nm. Optionally, the composition may comprise microbeads that serve the purpose of also scattering the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds containing substituted pyrazoline which exhibit nonlinear optical activity on orientation and to oriented polymeric compositions comprising moieties derived therefrom in the backbone of the polymer. Also disclosed are the processes for making the oriented polymeric composition of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-linear optical material comprising a salt of an organic compound with an optically active organic acid, wherein said organic compound has a conjugated .pi. electron system containing both electron donor and acceptor groups and has at least one substituent group represented by the following formulas (1), (2) and (3) which is located outside of said conjugated .pi. electron system. The invention also concerns a method of manufacturing the optical material and an optical converter which uses the non-linear optical material. ##STR1## According to the invention, a second-order non-linear optical material, which is readily capable of crystal growth, permits a large crystal to be readily obtained, and ensures high hardness of the crystal and gives excellent processibility and non-linear optical characteristics.

Abstract: Calixarene-based, noncentrosymmetric transition metal complexes that exhibit large second order nonlinear optical and related electro-optical properties are provided, as are materials and devices comprising the same.

Abstract: An infrared light-excited light-emitting substance given by the general formula:R1.sub.x R2(.sub.1-x)Ba.sub.z Cl.sub.3+2z where R1 is a rare-earth element, x satisfies the relation 0.01<x.ltoreq.1, R2 is another rare-earth element, and z satisfies the relation 1<z<4. Preferably, the substance is a transparent crystal having a transparency exceeding 70% in a wavelength range from 400 to 1500 nm, excluding wavelengths absorbed by rare-earth ions. The light-emitting substance can convert infrared light into visible light in a wavelength range from blue light to green light at a high conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical composition and a method of forming the nonlinear optical composition are disclosed. The nonlinear optical composition includes a silicon-containing component and a nonlinear optical component which causes the nonlinear optical composition to exhibit second order nonlinear optical polarization of electromagnetic radiation, such as light. The method includes forming a sol of the silicon-containing component and the nonlinear optical component of the composition. A gel is formed from the sol. The nonlinear optical component is then poled while the gel is exposed to conditions sufficient to cause formation of a nonlinear optical composition which exhibits second order nonlinear optical polarization of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A heat treatment method heats an oxide optical crystal in an oxygen atmosphere containing ozone to improve the light absorption characteristics of the oxide optical crystal so that the light absorption of the oxide optical crystal with light in wavelength bands other than light in wavelength bands with which the oxide optical crystal exerts the intrinsic absorption is reduced to the least possible extent. Guided-optical-wave propagation devices and optical devices, such as optical isolators, optical recording media and second harmonic generators, employing the oxide optical crystal having these improved absorption characteristics, operate at a high efficiency.

Abstract: A novel far-infrared radiating material is provided, which can effectively radiate thermal energy necessary for exciting water molecules contained in animals and plants, for example in human body. A far-infrared radiating material comprises 5-60 wt. % of alumina, 20-70 wt. % of at least one titanium compound selected from titanium dioxide, titanium carbide and titanium boride, 20-50 wt. % of at least one zirconium compound selected from zirconia, zirconium carbide and zirconium boride, and 0.01-0.5 wt. % of a rare earth oxide. A far-infrared radiating composition comprises the material and a resin, which may be formed in the form of plate, tube, sheet, or fiber.

Abstract: Rare earth ions with partially filled 4f electron shells are incorporated in an amount of up to 39 mole percent oxide into a glass consisting essentially of, in mole percent, 19-31% SiO.sub.2, 19-31% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 10-20% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 2-10% amounts of SiO.sub.2 and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 should be greater than about 40%, and the amounts of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2 and Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 are greater than about 12%. The glass can also include about 0.1 to 5% mole percent of FeO, ZnO or both. Suitable rare earth ions include but are not limited to, Er.sup.3+, Nd.sup.3+, Dy.sup.3+, and Sm.sup.3+. Optionally, the glass can be color corrected to neutral for a wide range of illuminant sources by the addition of one or more of the following: Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, CuO, NiO, V.sub.2 O.sub.5, Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 or Ti.sub.2 O.sub.3. These glass compositions are useful as absorption filters. In one embodiment, the composition selectively absorbs at 1064 and 532 nm.

Abstract: Near infrared absorbers which have a molecular extinction coefficient of 200,000 or more and are represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein each of Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Y.sup.4, Y.sup.5, Y.sup.6, Y.sup.7 and Y.sup.8 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, alkoxyl group or alkylthio group; each of A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, A.sup.5, A.sup.6, A.sup.7 and A.sup.8 is hydrogen, halogen, a nitro group, alkyl group, aralkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxyl group, aryloxy group, alkylthio group or arylthio group; and Met represents two hydrogen atoms or a metal, are useful for the production of optical display and recording materials.

Abstract: There is disclosed an amorphous, polymeric material that contains phosphorous, aluminum and carbon atoms, and that is the reaction product of a buffered liquid mixture of a source of phosphorous, such as 85% phosphoric acid, a source of aluminum, such as boehmite, and an organic liquid buffer, such as a carboxylic acid. The polymeric material may be converted to a glassy or crystalline solid by heating to a temperature of at least 150.degree. C., and may be cellulated.

Abstract: Base polymers devoid of non-linear optical properties exhibiting second order non-linear optical properties after the covalent attachment of tricyanovinyl groups to pendant side chains of the base polymer. Methods of preparing a polymer having second order non-linear optical properties by reacting the base polymers of the present invention with tetracyanoethylene in a basic solvent at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A composition generating an IR-opaque smoke in the form of a compact which has a density in the range from 0.9 to 1.5 g/cm.sup.3 is described, comprising from 10 to 25 percent by weight of magnesium powder, from 5 to 35 percent by weight of a fluorinated organic poller, from 5 to 15 percent by weight of chloroparaffin and from 35 to 65 percent by weight of an aromatic compound of the formula I ##STR1## wherein A and B are independently selected from ##STR2## R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from OH, X or alkyl having one to four carbon atoms,m and n is an integer from 0 to 2, andX is halogen,or an aromatic compound of formula II ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 X m and n are defined as above and D and E are independently selected from ##STR4## or phtalic anhydride, 2-benzoyl pyridine, fluorene, dibenzosuberenone or diphenylenesulphide or the derivatives thereof substituted by R.sup.1.sub.m and/or R.sup.2 .sub.m.

Abstract: A thermal-dye-bleach construction comprising a dye in association with a thermal dye-bleaching agent of general formula I: ##STR1## wherein: each of R.sup.a and R.sup.b are individually selected from: hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, and a heterocyclic group, and preferably, both R.sup.a and R.sup.b represent hydrogen;p is one or two, and when p is one, Z is a monovalent group selected from: an akyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, and a heterocyclic group, and when p is two, Z is a divalent group selected from: an alkylene group, an arylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, an aralkylene group, a cycloalkene group, and a heterocyclic group; and,M.sup.+ is a cation which will not react with a carbanion generated from the thermal-carbanion-generating agent in such manner as to render the carbanion ineffective as a bleaching agent for the dye.

Abstract: An inhomogeneous broadband absorber of electromagnetic energy constructed from an aerogel-lossy dielectric composite, where the concentration of the lossy dielectric increase across its thickness such that the composite's dielectric properties vary from those of the aerogel to those of the lossy dielectric. Materials useful for serving as the lossy dielectric include polar molecules, polar icosahedral molecules, polyaniline electron-conducting polymers, and polyprrole electron-conducting polymers. Another inhomogeneous layer absorber is constructed from an aerogel that is intrinsically a lossy dielectric. The variation in dielectric properties is achieved by increasing the density of the aerogel across the thickness of the material. Aerogel materials for such an absorber include organic aerogels which have been pyrolized in an inert atmosphere to give vitreous carbon aerogels. Methods for fabricating these absorbers are described.

Abstract: A third-order nonlinear optical element showing wide employable wave-length range of input light, high speed operation and low light intensity of input light is disclosed. The third-order nonlinear optical element of the present invention has at least two substantially optically smooth surfaces and comprise a charge-transfer complex consisting essentially of (i) at least one electron-accepting component selected from the group consisting of cyano compounds, quinones, nitro compounds, acid anhydride, halogenes, and halogenated carbons; and (ii) at least one electron-donating component selected from the group consisting of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon compounds, unsaturated heterocyclic compounds, chalcogen-containing compounds, quarternary unsaturated heterocyclic compounds and metals.

Abstract: Nonlinear optical (NLO) compositions are disclosed which contain polar disulfone-functionalized molecules (PDFMs) incorporated in a polymeric material. When aligned noncentrosymmetrically in the polymeric material, the PDFMs generate a second-order NLO response. There is also disclosed: a method of preparing a NLO composition; novel PDFMs and novel polymers; and a new process for preparing PDFMs.

Abstract: There are here disclosed an amorphous alkoxyphthalocyanine which is a compound or a mixture of compounds represented by the formula (1) shown in claim 1; and a method for preparing this amorphous alkoxyphthalocyanine which comprises the step of heating a crystalline phthalocyanine compound or a mixture of crystalline phthalocyanine compounds in an organic solvent.

Abstract: A solar control plastic glazing, comprising a plastic matrix having a plurality of metal particles homogeneously dispersed therein, is prepared by depositing a thin metal film onto the surface of a plastic sheet, heating the plastic sheet above its "softening temperature, deforming the sheet to cause the metal film to disintegrate into metal particles, and mixing the metal particles and plastic to form a composite.

Abstract: Compounds having non-linear optical activity of the general formula ##STR1## wherein D and A are electron donor and acceptor groups, respectively, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are aromatic bridging groups, X and Y are preferably groups capable of partaking in polymerization reactions are suitable for use in polymer-based light modulator devices.

Abstract: Near infrared absorbing composition and material comprising a specific thioamide compound and a copper compound and/or a lead compound. The composition and material of this invention provide an uniform absorption over a near IR-region without decreasing other properties.

Abstract: An audio optical processor unit employing a nonlinear organic optical element which may be in the form of a nonlinear polymer, a nonlinear organic material or a mixture of liquid crystal materials or polymers. The nonlinear organic optical element is interfaced by a piezo-electric crystal which encodes a laser beam passing through the optical element by inducing changes in the index of refraction or the changes in voltage potential across the polymer or non-linear organic material. The resulting encoded output is detected in a conventional manner by a photodetector array.