Abstract: A fire suppression non-aqueous liquid concentrate includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, a C10-18 paraffin or a C10-18 olefin, a non-ionic surfactant, and an alcohol amine neutralizer. The non-aqueous liquid concentrate forms a dilute dispersion when added to water. The dilute dispersion clings to a surface, and forms an intumescent char coating upon fire contact.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, and hydrophobic agglomerating material.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention is directed to fire retardant compositions comprising clay and starch and uses thereof to protect structures and objects from fire and/or excessive heat.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, hydrohopbic agglomerating material, and a neutralizer.

Abstract: A composite material comprising 10-98 wt. % of a bio-based particulate or fibrous filler and at least 2 wt. % of a polyester derived from an aliphatic polyalcohol with 2-15 carbon atoms and a polyacid, wherein the polyacid comprises at least 10 wt. % of tricarboxylic acid. Preferably, the filler is in the form of particles, fibers, and/or random or non-random layers. A plant-based filler may be used, in particular a cellulosic or lignocellulosic material, more in particular one or more materials selected from wood chips, wood flakes, sawdust, pulp, e.g., pulp of (recycled) paper or other fiber pulp, and plant-derived fibers such as cotton, linen, flax, and hemp. An animal-derived filler, in particular an animal-derived fiber such as wool, hair, silk, or feathers may also be used. Preferably the polyalcohol is selected from one or more of glycerol, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, 1,2-propane diol, 1,3-propane diol, and 1,2-ethane diol, in particular glycerol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical composition that may be used to fight forest fires. Such composition may be applied by aerial means by discharge from aircraft. The composition may also be used to create fire breaks, which facilitates the actions of land-based firefighters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flame retardant composition, particularly designed for fire fighting with aerial means. The retardant composition comprises a liquid ammonium polyphosphate of chain length with a value of n between 2 and 3, n being the number of condensation groups, and an ammonium polyphosphate in powder form in suspension, with a chain length with a value of n between 100 and 1500. In addition to the above, the flame retardant composition comprises corrosion inhibitors, in particular zinc orthophosphate dihydrate, and at least one surfactant agent as wetting agent or dispensing agent, an organic or inorganic thickening agent and at least one coloring agent.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, paraffin or olefin, and a neutralizer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water absorbing agent, and a method for producing the water absorbing agent. The water absorbing agent includes water absorbent resin particles, an organic acid and/or salt thereof having carbon number of 10 or more and not more than 30 in its molecule, and a water-soluble polyvalent cation. The method includes the step (i) of mixing the water absorbent resin particles, the organic acid and/or salt thereof having carbon number of 10 or more and not more than 30 in its molecule, and the water-soluble polyvalent cation with one another.

Abstract: Composition protective against fire and use comprising: Water: 25-42% by weight; Ultramarine Blue: 0.015-0.025% by weight; Preservative: 0.09-0.15% by weight; Vegetable Binder: 1.6-2.7% by weight; Spanish White: 6-10% by weight; Calcium Carbonate: 33-56% by weight; Sulphate of Lime: 9-15% by weight, having a dual function, acting as a protective substance against fire as well as a fire-combating substance, such that as protective substance against fire, through application or spraying thereof on a surface to be protected, should it be reached by fire, it acts as protective barrier preventing fire from destroying or damaging it, while as fire-combating substance, through application or spraying thereof on a surface in flames, the fire is quenched and extinguished. The composition is breathable and absolutely wholly ecological, and consequently does not affect plant varieties, permitting the creation of totally effective firebreak “barriers”.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical composition that may be used to fight forest fires. Such composition may be applied by aerial means by discharge from aircraft. The composition may also be used to create fire breaks, which facilitates the actions of land-based firefighters.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, paraffin or olefin, and a neutralizer.

Abstract: Each year wildfires, forest fires and out of control camp fires do untold damage to millions of acres of land, while causing billions of dollars in damages to property, wild life, and human life. The Orr Formula is designed to aid in, and assist the extinguishment of such fires. The Orr Formula is a composition that comprises: 1) 10% by weight Calcium Phosphate which acts as a binder; 2) 10% by weight Corn Starch which aids in flaking of the remaining composition off the site to which the composition was applied after the fire has been extinguished and cooled; and 3) 80% by weight of a mixture of Sodium Silicate with a base exchange Silicate of Sodium Aluminum.

Abstract: The fire mitigation and moderating agent includes by weight one percent (1%) to five percent (5%) potassium hydroxide, two percent (2%) to seven percent (7%) citric acid, four percent (4%) to thirty six percent (36%) diammonium phosphate, four percent (4%) to twenty percent (20%) carbamide, and point five percent (0.5%) to four percent (4%) surface tension reducing component which comprises by weight twenty percent (20%) to fifty five percent (55%) octyldimethylamine oxide, fifteen percent (15%) to thirty five percent (35%) modified polyether organosiloxane, five percent (5%) to twenty percent (20%) sugar based surfactant, three percent (3%) to twelve percent (12%) 1,4-Bis(ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate, point zero one percent (0.01%) to point one percent (0.1%) anionic phosphate fluorosurfactant, and point one percent (0.1%) to two point five percent (2.5%) polymer adhesive mixture. The polymer adhesive mixture comprises seventy percent (70%) water and thirty percent (30%) polymer adhesive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flame retardant composition, particularly designed for fire fighting with aerial means. The retardant composition comprises a liquid ammonium polyphosphate of chain length with a value of n between 2 and 3, n being the number of condensation groups, and an ammonium polyphosphate in powder form in suspension, with a chain length with a value of n between 100 and 1500. In addition to the above, the flame retardant composition comprises corrosion inhibitors, in particular zinc orthophosphate dihydrate, and at least one surfactant agent as wetting agent or dispensing agent, an organic or inorganic thickening agent and at least one colouring agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for fire-resisting and fire-extinguishing with pro-environmental characteristic. More particularly, the present invention relates to the composition comprising monobasic sodium phosphate, dibasic ammonium phosphate, borax, boric acid, olyoxyalkylated alkyl phosphoric acid ester and water.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions that prevent expansion of a fire, suppress existing fire, as well as methods of preparing and using such compositions. The composition is comprised of water, pseudo-plastic high yield suspending agent and starch. Compositions may contain additional functional agents, such as rheological, wetting, foaming, coloring, chelating, antimicrobial and stabilizing agents. In the description of the present invention, all composition modifications are referred to as compositions. The composition, an augmentation of water, exhibits the characteristics of a sag resistant aqueous gel in the tank, but has shear thinning capacity, allowing the composition to be pumped or sprayed as easily as water. At the point of impact, when the sprayed composition is again at rest, it instantly reverts to a sag resistant aqueous gel. The composition also forms an intumescent, surface char layer upon contacting a fire.

Abstract: A flame retardant, halogen-free polymer composition that is a blend of: (1) a polyolefin selected from (a) EVA containing 25-90% by weight ethylene and 10-75% by weight vinyl acetate, (b) LLDPE, (c) LDPE, (d) VLDPE, (e) HDPE, or mixtures thereof; (2) a coupling agent made from (f) about 10 to about 50% by weight of a copolymer of ethylene and about 1% by weight to about 15% by weight functional comonomer and (g) about 50% by weight to about 90% by weight of an ethylene-based polymer; and (3) an inorganic flame retardant filler.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions that prevent expansion of a fire, suppress existing fire, as well as methods of preparing and using such compositions. The composition is comprised of water, pseudo-plastic high yield suspending agent and starch. Compositions may contain additional functional agents, such as rheological, wetting, foaming, coloring, chelating, antimicrobial and stabilizing agents. In the description of the present invention, all composition modifications are referred to as compositions. The composition, an augmentation of water, exhibits the characteristics of a sag resistant aqueous gel in the tank, but has shear thinning capacity, allowing the composition to be pumped or sprayed as easily as water. At the point of impact, when the sprayed composition is again at rest, it instantly reverts to a sag resistant aqueous gel. The composition also forms an intumescent, surface char layer upon contacting a fire.

Abstract: A composition which retards the spread of fire, protects assets at risk from fire damage and emits a material which aids in extinguishing the fire. The composition may be either in the form of a gel or a foam and may be used to protect any sort of object, such as personal property, real property or even humans, from fire. The gel form of the composition contains urea or a urea derivative that retains water and releases CO2 upon heating. In addition, a rheology modifier containing carboxyl groups is also employed. The foam form of the composition contains the urea or urea derivative and the rheology modifier, along with a foam generator such as sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. A method of retarding fire comprises the coating of an item with the fire retardant such that the retardant protects the item from the fire and aids in extinguishing the fire by releasing carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Fire retardant composition includes an ammonium phosphate substance, which is in contact with a carbonific, for example, glucose, and a nitrogenous spumific, for example, urea. A polysaccharide and/or a nonionic alkylpolyglycoside surfactant may be present. The composition may be in the form of a clear, aqueous liquid.

Abstract: Fire retardant composition has a mold inhibitor. The composition can embrace a mixture of a substantially neutral ammonium phosphate salt in combination with an active hydrogen-containing nitrogenous organic compound spumific, e.g., urea, and with a hydroxyl-containing carbonific, e.g., a polyol, and further with the mold inhibitor. Such a composition can be made by contacting a phosphoric acid with ammonia to form the ammonium phosphate, contacting the ammonium phosphate with the spumific, the carbonific, and the mold inhibitor, under conditions sufficient to form the composition; and can be used by contacting it with a flammable substrate under conditions sufficient to be flame retardant or mold inhibitory, or both. Another aspect is an article of manufacture comprising, in combination, the fire retardant composition having the mold inhibitor, and the flammable substrate or a residue of the same.

Abstract: Corrosion-inhibited fire retardant compositions and methods of making and using the same are provided. The corrosion-inhibited fire retardant compositions are comprised of at least one fire retardant component, at least one biopolymer having a particle size diameter of less than about 100 microns, and a corrosion inhibiting system.

Abstract: Fire retardant compositions and methods of making and using the same are provided. The fire retardant compositions are comprised of at least one fire retardant component, including at least one ammonium polyphosphate and at least one biopolymer having a weight average particle diameter of less than about 100 microns. In a specific embodiment, the fire retardant composition is comprised of a xanthan biopolymer.

Abstract: A corrosion-inhibited fire retardant composition is provided that comprises at least one ammonium polyphosphate, at least one suspending agent, at least one phosphonate selected from a group consisting of aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid), 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, hexamethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid), diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid), salts thereof, and mixtures thereof and a corrosion inhibiting system.

Abstract: Fire retardant compositions and methods of making and using the same are provided. The fire retardant compositions are comprised of at least one fire retardant component, including at least one ammonium polyphosphate and at least one biopolymer having a weight average particle diameter of less than about 100 microns. In a specific embodiment, the fire retardant composition is comprised of a xanthan biopolymer.

Abstract: Corrosion-inhibited fire retardant compositions and methods of making and using the same are provided. The corrosion-inhibited fire retardant compositions are comprised of at least one fire retardant component, a suspending agent, and a corrosion inhibiting system. The corrosion inhibiting system is comprised of at least one corrosion inhibiting compound selected from a group of compounds including azoles, insoluble ferric pyrophosphate, soluble ferric pyrophosphate, ferrous oxalate, ferric citrate, ferrous sulfate, ferric ammonium citrate, insoluble ferric orthophosphate, soluble ferric orthophosphate, ferric ammonium oxalate, ferric ammonium sulfate, ferric bromide, ferric sodium oxalate, ferric stearate, ferric sulfate, ferrous acetate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, ferrous bromide, ferrous gluconate, ferrous iodide, ferric acetate, ferric fluoroborate, ferric hydroxide, ferric oleate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous oxide, ferric lactate, ferric resinate and any combination thereof.

Abstract: Fire retardant compositions and methods of making and using the same are provided. The fire retardant compositions are comprised of at least one fire retardant component, including at least one ammonium polyphosphate and at least one biopolymer having a weight average particle diameter of less than about 100 microns. In a specific embodiment, the fire retardant composition is comprised of a xanthan biopolymer.

Abstract: Colorized fire retardants, and methods of making and using the same, are provided that include an uncolored or minimally colored fire retardant composition and a colorant. The colorant is an aqueous dispersion, slurry, or suspension that includes an insoluble, non-fugitive pigment, e.g., red iron oxide or titanium dioxide. The aqueous dispersion pigment is added to the uncolored or minimally colored fire retardant composition at a time proximate to discharging the retardant onto the fuel. Accordingly, a user has control over the type and amount of colorant added to the fire retardant composition.

Abstract: Fire retardant compositions comprise at least one ammonium polyphosphate, at least one suspending agent, and at least one metal ferrite. In specific embodiments, the compositions of the invention comprise zinc ferrite or magnesium ferrite.

Abstract: A corrosion-inhibited fire retardant composition is provided that comprises at least one ammonium polyphosphate, at least one suspending agent, at least one phosphonate selected from a group consisting of aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid), 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, hexamethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid), diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid), salts thereof, and mixtures thereof and a corrosion inhibiting system.

Abstract: A dry powdered fire retardant composition for mixing with water on-site for elimination of corrosion inhibitors required if pre-mixed and stored. The composition includes a gum and a fire retardant salt. The gum is a dry powdered guava fruit gum which is extremely hydroscopic for mixing on-site. The fire retardant salt is a dry powdered mono-ammonium phosphate. The composition further includes dry powdered 1-3% bicarbonate of soda for adding additional insulating properties. The method of making the dry powdered fire retardant composition includes the steps of putting the dry powdered guava fruit gum in a mixer, putting the dry powdered mono-ammonium phosphate in the mixer, and mixing the dry powdered guava fruit gum and the dry powdered mono-ammonium phosphate evenly in the mixer.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of a fugitive-color colorant is added to an ante-colorized fire retardant composition to form a colorized fire retardant composition.

Abstract: In a fugitive color fire retardant composition, the colorant initially colors the composition to a hue which contrasts with the hue of ground vegetation. A non-fugitive component is included in the colorant, in an amount sufficient to provide improved aerial visibility when the composition is first aerially applied to the vegetation. However, the amount of non-fugitive pigment is less than an amount which would prevent the composition from fading after application to an acceptable neutral hue.

Abstract: This invention comprises a concentrate further comprising a salt(s), a rheological modifier(s), an effective amount of a stabilizing compound selected from the group consisting of aliphatic carboxylic acids optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups, aliphatic polycarboxylic acids optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups, aliphatic and alicyclic organic compounds having at least three hydroxyl groups, glycols, mixtures thereof and the like and water which is present in an amount at least sufficient to solubilize the stabilizing compound(s) up to an amount at which said thickening compound is activated. This composition, upon dilution, after aging has the viscosity development characteristic(s) of a freshly diluted concentrate. If desired, this concentrate further comprises performance additives and other components and is preferably formulated for use in preparing a fire retardant concentrate.

Abstract: An aqueous treatment composition for cellulosic material comprises an aqueous fire retardant solution of urea (CO(Na2)2, a source of inorganic acid groups such as phosphoric acid, monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate, a water miscible alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, and an inorganic borate, typically a mixture of boric acid and borax pentahydrate. The treatment composition may be provided in a concentrated or water-free form, in which case the treatment composition is formulated into an aqueous fire retardant and preservative solution at the point of use. The treatment composition can be prepared from a kit containing the various components in two separate containers. Also provided is a method of simultaneously improving the resistance to heat and/or fire and preserving a cellulosic material comprising treating the cellulosic material with a treatment composition of the invention.

Abstract: In a fugitive color fire retardant composition, the colorant initially colors the composition to a hue which contrasts with the hue of ground vegetation. A non-fugitive component is included in the colorant, in an amount sufficient to provide improved aerial visibility when the composition is first aerially applied to the vegetation. However, the amount of non-fugitive pigment is less than an amount which would prevent the composition from fading after application to an acceptable neutral hue.

Abstract: A vegetation element for the greening of artificial expanses, made from a mixture of organic substrate particles, nutrients and synthetic material components; this mixture, by the addition of plastic foam components and binders being combined to form a uniform firm element. According to the invention, the vegetation element is characterised in that the mixture comprises a component of organic substrate particles exceeding 20% by weight, with the mixture being foamed-out with binders, with plant material able to germinate, such as seeds, sprouts, rhizomes or similar being added to the mixture, and in that at least one surface pointing away from the top surface of the vegetation element comprises a fire retardant.

Abstract: Composition and method for enhancing the moisture content of growing and cut trees and plants, including the steps of providing a polyacrylimide polymer in crystalline form, mixing salt with the polymer wherein the salt comprises about 5% by weight relative to the polymer, treating the mixture in a reaction tube for about 60 seconds, and applying the mixture to the tree or plant to enhance the ability thereof to absorb and retain moisture.

Abstract: A gum-thickened fire retardant composition with improved stability and/or corrosion resistance contains a fire retardant salt, a gum thickener, an aqueous liquid carrier and at least one non-toxic water-soluble additive which is at least onecarboxylic acid or salt thereof, having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain containing conjugated unsaturation, and X is hydrogen or a metal.The additive component is present in an amount effective to improve the stability of said composition and/or reduce the corrosivity of the composition to iron. Preferred compositions containing the combination of at least one compound in which R is a phenyl group, especially sodium benzoate, and at least one compound in which R is a carbon chain containing unconjugated unsaturation, especially sorbic acid.

Abstract: A fire extinguisher and retardant material is formed from cellulosic mulch saturated with licorice juice. The licorice juice may be in the form of a foam, and the material may additionally include a binder and water. In order to increase the cohesiveness of the material, flexible strands of fine wire may be added to the mixture or a wire webbing may be used as a carrier material. Preferably, the cellulosic mulch is shredded paper.

Abstract: A method of using carbon fiber cloth (cfc) as a fire protection cover. Carbon fiber cloth, presently manufactured in 42 inch widths, would be snapped together to form 10-20 foot widths then used to cover houses and other items for fire protection. The carbon fiber cloth is used in its' natural form--without resins or epoxies.

Abstract: In the fighting of fires or protection of objects from fire by applying thereto water, the improvement which comprises dispersing in the water particles of a cross-linked water-insoluble but hightly water-swellable acrylic acid derivative polymer in an amount insufficient to bring the viscosity above 100 mPa's. Advantageously, the particles are present in an amount such that after swelling the swollen particles hold 60 to 70% by weight of the total water, the particles are from 0.1 to 3 mm in diameter and are present in from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight of the water, the polymer being a copolymer of an acrylic acid, the water containing silicic acid and/or a silicate as well as sodium, potassium or ammonium ions. The water is freely pumpable but the swollen particles adhere to surfaces they contact rather than running off rapidly.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition and associated method for treating wood and other cellulosic materials is disclosed. The composition, in its preferred embodiment, represents and aqueous solution containing a water soluble amide; an oxy-acid of phosphorous; a metal salt of boron; an oxy-acid of boron and sodium hydroxide and has a pH of about 4.75 to about 5.25.

Abstract: The present inventon relates to methods for rendering materials inflammable, and in particular, to methods for preparing fireproof feathers.According to the present invention, a process for preparing fireproof feathers comprising steps of: (a) suspending a predetermined amount of feathrs in water to make a suspension of the feathers; (b) adjusting the pH of the suspension to lie within the range of pH 2-4 with acid to make a acidic suspension; (c) adding tetrabromophthalate derivative which is emulsified in water in advance and a water soluble compound to the acidic suspension, where the water soluble compound is preferably selected from the group including zirconium fluoride and titanium fluoride, and more preferably from the group including potassium zirconium fluoride and the hydro-acid of titanium fluoride; (d) resuspending and wahsing the feathers in water; and (e) drying the thus processed feathers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an aqueous concentrate adapted to be diluted with water and used in fire control. The concentrate exhibits a viscosity of less than about 2000 centipoise and containing between about 0.75% and about 6% by weight a thickening agent and at least about 24% by weight of certain fire retardants, particularly diammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate, a blend of diammonium phosphate and diammonium sulfate, a blend of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate having a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of at least about 1.25, and a blend of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate having a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of at least about 1.25. Processes for the preparation of such concentrates and for use thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an aqueous concentrate adapted to be diluted with water and used in fire control. The concentrate exhibits a viscosity of less than about 2000 centipoise and containing between about 0.75% and about 6% by weight a thickening agent and at least about 24% by weight of certain fire retardants, particularly diammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate, a blend of diammonium phosphate and diammonium sulfate, a blend of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate having a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of at least about 1.25, and a blend of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate having a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of at least about 1.25. Processes for the preparation of such concentrates and for use thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of and compositions for inhibiting the combustion of wood and other cellulosic materials. The material to be protected is impregnated with the composition which contains sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium borate, and water. Optional constituents are calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium bromide, and potassium chloride.

Abstract: Low viscosity heteropolysaccharides, e.g., zanthan gum, S-194, and guar gum, are disclosed. These gums are especially useful in preparing herbicidal compositions.

Abstract: A concentrate composition for forming a stable aqueous foam. The concentrate composition comprises an anionic surfactant, a solvent and a stabilizer. The surfactant is preferably the sodium salt of an alpha olefin sulfonate such as sodium dodecyl sulfonate. The solvent is preferably a C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 diol, and the stabilizer is a C.sub.10 -C.sub.18 alcohol.