Abstract: Water-based, intumescent, fire retardant material is made from, on a dry basis by weight, 100 parts of a latex such as polychloroprene latex and from 50 to 200 parts of water-insoluble intumescent mineral granules such as hydrated alkali metal silicate granules incorporating an oxy boron compound. This water-based intumescent material dries to an elastomeric state that has a Volume Expansion Factor (as defined) of at least two. It chars into a substantially rigid refractory thermal insulator to prevent fire from penetrating through voids into which the novel intumescent material has expanded.

Abstract: A monolith can be mounted in a catalytic converter by a material containing intumescent vermiculite flakes that have a uniform content of chemically bound water from about 1.0 to 3.2% by weight and a uniform bulk density from about 0.2 to 0.9 g/cm.sup.3. Such a mounting affords good support to the monolith at warm-up temperatures, exerts adequate holding forces at operating temperatures without danger of cracking the monolith, and does not incur gradual reduction in holding forces at operating temperatures.

Abstract: An intumescent material and a process for forming of an intumescent material is disclosed including a two stage intumescent expansion characteristic. The composition includes an intumescent material having a primary expansion ingredient such as expanding graphite in combination with a pre-expansion material adapted to provide intumescent expansion at a temperature less than that of the primary expansion material. The pre-expansion material preferably is a liquid isobutane encapsulated within microspheres of any latex material or polyvinylidene. The pre-expansion step allows for a low density mass having fairly uniform dimensions relative to the original proportions of the specimen. A novel process for forming same allows heating to a temperature greater than the pre-expansion temperature within a closed mold to prevent pre-expansion by containment therein and still allow heat fusing of the fire barrier form.

Abstract: An intumescent material and a process for forming of an intumescent material is disclosed including a two stage intumescent expansion characteristic. The composition includes an intumescent material having a primary expansion ingredient such as expanding graphite in combination with a pre-expansion material adapted to provide intumescent expansion at a temperature less than that of the primary expansion material. The pre-expansion material preferably is a liquid isobutane encapsulated within microspheres of any latex material or polyvinylidene. The pre-expansion step allows for a low density mass having fairly uniform dimensions relative to the original proportions of the specimen. A novel process for forming same allows heating to a temperature greater than the pre-expansion temperature within a closed mold to prevent pre-expansion by containment therein and still allow heat fusing of the fire barrier form.

Abstract: Fire suppressing compositions are produced by reaction of lignosulfonates with carbonate of soda to produce low-cost chemical reagents useful for fighting fires in progress or for treating flammable materials to render them non-flammable. Methods for producing the fire retardant compositions in liquid, foam or adhesive form are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel intumescent mouldings, which can be produced by heating expandable graphites in moulds to temperatures between 150.degree. C. and 350.degree. C. The mouldings can be used, for example, for purposes of preventive fire protection.

Abstract: The water leaching of ammonium polyphosphate from compositions comprising organic polymer and particles of ammonium polyphosphate is reduced if the ammonium polyphosphate is surface-modified with quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant.

Abstract: A glazing bead has an outer skin formed in two parts. The two parts are formed by moulding a cloth or paper of glass fibre or other suitable fibrous material impregnated with phenolic resin containing one or more frits and ceramic powder or fibre. The two moulded parts are joined together and the resultant cavity therebetween filled with a mixture of phenolic resin containing one or more frits and ceramic powder or fibre, or sodium silicate containing one or more frits and ceramic powder or fibre.

Abstract: A coating composition for providing or enhancing the fire resistance of a material. The composition includes a carrier, a polymer base selected from the group consisting of polyepoxide resins and vinylchloride/acrylic copolymers, an inorganic solid substance that gives off water when the composition is heated under fire conditions and two or more frits of different melting temperatures. The first frit has a relatively low melting point and the other, devitrifying frit has a relatively high melting point compared to the first frit, the frits melting progressively under fire conditions to provide a fused protective layer for the material.

Abstract: Novel heat resistant foams can be obtained by heating metal phosphonates or metal phosphonate precursors to temperatures of above 200.degree. C. They may for example be used as electrical and/or heat insulation materials, in the production of mouldings, as a cavity filler, as carriers for active ingredients and/or as fillers with low bulk densities.

Abstract: Disclosed in an intumescent coating composition comprising an aqueous mixture of a water soluble alkali metal silicate, a hydrated metal silicate clay, and an inorganic particulate material which, when exposed to flame temperatures, endothermically releases a nonflammable gas. The coating can be applied to metal, wooden and foamed polymeric materials and serves to provide a thermal barrier against the effects of overheating.

Abstract: A sprayable fireproofing composition comprising a hydratable cementitious binder, a porous aggregate, a fibrous material, an air-entraining agent and a rheopectic agent selected from granular attapulgite, sepiolite or mixture thereof having a major amount of particulate greater than 40 microns and water content less than 16 percent.

Abstract: There are disclosed a flame retardant for treatment of wood and a wood product coated with the flame retardent, which comprises (A) 3-(dialkylphosphono)propionamides respresented by the following general formula: ##STR1## (in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a methylol group group) and/or methylolated derivatives thereof; (B) at least one resin selected from the group consisting of water-soluble or water-dispersible resins, melamine resins and copolycondensated urea-melamine resins; and (C) ammonium polyphosphates microcapsulated by melamine and/or epoxy resins.

Abstract: The invention features an additive for a mastic coating comprising a cut-back asphaltic base material used in roof and construction applications. The additive comprising sodium bicarbonate in a range by weight of 1 part per 2-8 parts of the cut-back, asphaltic-type base material, has the dual purpose of accelerating the curing time and improving flame retardancy of the mastic coating.

Abstract: A process for making a fire-retardant composition in which monoaluminumphosphate is reacted with boric acid in a weight ratio 10:1 to 25:1, and to which preferably aluminum oxide in the form of aluminumhydroxide gel is added. The composition is applied between glass panes to form a fire-retardant barrier.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is a fire resistant inorganic coating composition which intumesces when subject to high temperatures to form a substantially continuous heat insulating structure and retains this structure for prolonged periods at temperatures up to 1000.degree. C. The coating composition comprises______________________________________ Parts by Weight ______________________________________ sodium silicate (aqueous solution) 40-70 potassium silicate (aqueous solution) 40-70 silicon carbide powder 3-15 ______________________________________A composite fire-protective coating system is also disclosed which comprises a plurality of coatings sequentially applied to the substrate, typically aluminum, to be protected. Specifically, a first heat resistant, substantially air impermeable bonding layer and an inorganic intumescent layer as described above. An additional heat resistant air impermeable layer may be included as a top coat. Some applications may require an additional inorganic intumescent layer.

Abstract: A composition comprising two or more frits of different melting temperatures and optionally one or more ceramic material or basalt or intumescent substance is provided that may be added to a variety of materials to provides or enhance fire resistance. Such materials include phenolic and polyester resins and sodium silicate.

Abstract: A transparent fire-screening glazing panel has at least one solid intumescent layer comprising a hydrated alkali metal silicate and at least one sheet of glazing material, and the layer of intumescent material contains at least one silicate-stabilizing agent. Suitable stabilizing compounds include at least partially dissociated nitrogenized organic compounds, especially quaternary ammonium compounds such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide. To manufacture such a panel, the silicate-stabilizing agent may be incorporated into an aqueous solution of the intumescent material which is then hardened by drying to form the layer. Alternatively, the silicate-stabilizing agent may be incorporated into an aqueous solution of the intumescent material which is then dried to form grains which are subsequently incorporated into a layer held sandwiched between two sheets of glazing material.

Abstract: Disclosed are foam polymer compositions having outstanding resistance to expose to flame. The compositions comprise the product of reaction of a foamable composition and certain inorganic filler materials including one or more of (A) microexplodable micron-sized particles having an internal phase of a non-flammable gas releasing inorganic particulate material such as alumina trihydrate and an external phase of fusible inorganic material such as sodium silicate, (B) particulate, expandable alkali metal silicate, and (C) a particulate inorganic fire retardant such as ammonium salt of a phosphate or polyphosphate. The foams are self-extinguishing, essentially non dripping, and generate only low levels of smoke when impacted directly with the flame of a blowtorch.

Abstract: A material having superior that insulating qualities which may be formed in flat sheets or any other desired configuration. The material in its basic form is produced by mixing an alkali metal halide or nitrate into an alkali metal silicate solution to form a polymerized silicate gel. The gel may be heated to cause intumescence and the formation of a dry cellular ceramic, or may be used in gel form, e.g., as a fireproof barrier which will expand upon exposure to heat. Physical properties of the end product are altered by the inclusion of one or more additives prior to the polymerization reaction. These additives may be any of a number of materials that do not significantly react with the alkali metal silicate solution or otherwise inhibit the formation of the gel.

Abstract: The addition of certain phosphate esters causes ethylene copolymers containing CaCO.sub.3 and/or Ca-Mg/CO.sub.3 and alumina trihydrate to have lower swell on burning and to have smaller and more uniform cell formation in the ceramic ash than compositions without such esters present.

Abstract: A fire retardent for woody materials, which is an aqueous solution comprising 100 parts by weight as solids content of a water-soluble 3-(dialkylphosphonopropionamide) represented by the following general formula ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 represents a hyrogen atom or a methyl group, and at least 100 parts by weight as solids of a water-soluble melamine resin as essential ingredients and having a pH of not more than 3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fire prevention material in loose form containing at least one material thermally insulating at temperatures up to 1100.degree. C.; at least one material which irreversibly expands at temperatures over 150.degree. C., particularly over 200.degree. C.; and at least one preferably finely divided binder, which is able to expand on heating. All the constituents of the material are waterproof and weatherproof, so that the fire prevention material can be frequently handled over long periods. It is preferably packed into incompletely filled bags.

Abstract: A fire-resistant material which is produced by mixing, in a predetermined ratio, agent A prepared by diluting a liquid mixture of calcium chloride and boric acid with water, agent B comprising silicone resin, sodium silicate, and polyvinyl acetate resin and agent C comprising ammonium monophosphate silica gel. A noncombustible material for treating interior building materials which is produced by mixing the above- described fire-resistant material with a mixture of powder D prepared by grinding and drying a mixture of an aqueous boric acid solution and an adhesive aqueous solution of paper powder, an earth/rock powder prepared by reducing and heating loess, sand, waste coal, and diatomite powder.The noncombustible material can be sprayed over or appiled on combustible materials such as wood, textiles, paper, plastics, etc. to make them noncombustible and, upon starting of a fire, it foams to form an insulating layer which exhibits a sufficient heat-insulating effect and neutralizes and controls toxic gases.

Abstract: A floor structure comprising an upper layer containing a hydroxide, a middle layer for providing the structural strength and a lower layer covering the lower surface of the structure, in which at least the middle layer and the lower layer are composed of flame-retardant material and a layer of heat insulating material is formed therebetween. The floor structure is excellent in fire-resistance and heat-resistance, as well as facilitating the mounting of equipment or the likes below the floor.

Abstract: A method for sealing a port in a wall through which an element is passed, comprising the steps of combining a water based fire-resistant liquid sealing material and a solid water absorbing means which will swell to prevent shrinkage to form a mixture that seals, and introducing the mixture into the port to seal the port. Materials and compositions for carrying out the method are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fire resistance compounds which can be added to a composite man-made product. In particular, the invention relates to a compound which provides fire resistance by the formation of two stages of fire protection and is added to plastic products during the manufacture thereof.

Abstract: A flame retardant for polyolefins, which comprises as an effective ingredient a hardly water-soluble or water-insoluble, nitrogen-containing phosphorus compound obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of a condensed phosphoric acid compound with 10 to 100 parts by weight of a triazine compound and heating the mixture at 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. in the presence or absence of water.

Abstract: The addition of melamine/formaldehyde resins causes ethylene copolymers containing CaCO.sub.3 and alumina trihydrate to have lower swell on burning and has smaller and more uniform cell formation in the ceramic ash than compositions without such resins present.

Abstract: The present invention relates to coatings which provide fire resistance or fireproofing of an underlying product. In particular, the invention relates to a flexible coating which provides fire resistance by the formation of two stages of fire protection.

Abstract: A fire retardant composition comprising, in percent by weight of the non-volatile solids therein, a non-fibrous aqueous mixture of:(a) 25-90% of an emulsified halogen containing vinyl polymer limited to a maximum bound halogen of 58% on a dry polymer weight basis, selected to bind the composition to a combustible, resilient, foamed or fibrous substrate;(b) 0-4.8% of a metal oxide gas and fume limiting compound; and(c) 1-40% of an afterglow limiting component selected from halogenated naturally occurring oils and fats, having a maximum halogen content of 50%, and organo phosphonates, halogenated organo phosphonates and substituted organo phosphonates.

Abstract: An aqueous solution useful in extinguishing fires is disclosed comprising diammonium phosphate, a water soluble polyol, a water soluble gas-generating agent, a non-combustible viscosity builder and water; when sprayed upon burning surfaces, the solution intumesces and generates a flame-resistant polymeric foam having a high char value; the foam shuts off the air supply to the burning surface and thereby quickly and effectively extinguishes the fire.

Abstract: A heat expanding, fire retardant composition comprising an intumescent component, an organic char-forming component, fillers, plasticizers, fire retardants, and a binder wherein the binder is a polyurethane which is formed in situ.

Abstract: A fire or flame barrier material comprising an ethylene copolymer matrix, 150-220 parts by weight of aluminum hydroxide and 150-220 parts by weight of calcium carbonate or calcium-magnesium carbonate. The material can also include a lubricating agent, an elasticizer, calcium oxide, a polymer softening agent, a color-aging agent, and an antioxidant agent.

Abstract: An intumescent curable composition has as its principal constituents an epoxy resin; a curing agent; and an additive component which is composed of a mixture of materials which provide a source of phosphorus, zinc, boron and an expansion gas. The aforesaid composition is capable of forming a carbonaceous char upon exposure to heat or flame.

Abstract: A fire retardant, intumescent composition is provided which comprises a mixture of alkali metal silicate, represented by the formula M.sub.2 O:xSiO.sub.2 in which M is the alkali metal; an oxy boron compound selected from boric acid or salts of Group I and II elements; and water; in which the weight ratio x ranges from about 1.5 to about 4, the molar ratio of boron to M is between 0.2 and 0.9, and the water comprises about 5 to 15 weight percent of the total composition. These compositions are made by mixing an alkali metal silicate sol with a borate (e.g., boric acid) to form a gel which is dried in an oven. The resulting residue is crumbled to granules. A fire retardant which is relatively insoluble and has improved stability to long term exposure to water and humidity is formed. Various parameters (e.g.

Abstract: The disclosure provides activated ammonium polyphosphate undergoing decomposition at an increased rate at temperatures within the range 300.degree. to 600.degree. C., the ammonium polyphosphate having been obtained by reacting it with melamine and/or dicyandiamide or their derivatives at 100.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a particulate agent based on free-flowing, pulverulent ammonium polyphosphate of the general formulaH.sub.(n-M)+2 (NH.sub.4).sub.m P.sub.n O.sub.3n+1in which n stands for a whole number with an average value of about 20 to 800 and the ratio of m/n is about 1. The agent reduces the ignitability of combustible substances and constists of(a) about 80 to 99.5 mass % ammonium polyphosphate and(b) about 0.5 to 20 mass % hardened epoxide resin having an epoxide equivalent weight of about 170 to about 220, the epoxide resin enveloping the individual ammonium polyphosphate particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fire and heat protection material of ablative type. According to the invention an organic binder is mixed with a filler consisting of hydrated aluminum sulfate of the general formula Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 .n H.sub.2 O (wherein n=14-18) being present in amounts of more than 65% by wt of the mixture.The fire and heat protection material can be produced in the form of hard sheets, tapes, films, putties or paints, the time of heat protection being even more than 90 minutes.The material can be used for coating fuel tanks and particularly for protection of stationary stores of explosives and ammunition.

Abstract: Heat-foamable fireproofing compositions contain thermosetting phenolic resins, thermally decomposable organic nitrogen compounds, eg. dicyandiamide, an ammonium salt and a carbohydrate or polyhydric alcohol, and on decomposition form a stiff carbonaceous foam.

Abstract: An intumescent, fire-retardant, aqueous composition which comprises (a) as a flameproofing agent, a water-soluble ammonium salt of a non-volatile inorganic acid, such as sulfamic acid, sulfuric acid or, in particular, phosphoric acid, (b) as a blowing agent, a water-soluble nitrogen compound, for example urea, which can be methylolated, or its derivatives and salts and (c) dextrin as a binder, (d) if desired, formaldehyde, and (e) if desired, further additives, for example wood preservatives, is used for the flameproof and heat-resistant treatment of very diverse substrates, preferably building timber, or for extinguishing burning substrates of all kinds. When the composition is used as a fire-extinguishing agent, it preferably additionally contains a foaming agent, and can contain a foam stabilizer.

Abstract: Ethylene diammonium phosphates are excellent catalysts for particularly those intumescent agents which do otherwise not easily foam when exposed to heat.

Abstract: An intumescent composition containing a cyclic nitrogen compound, a hydroxy-containing organo-phosphorus compound, an organo-phosphorus acid, and water, wherein:(a) said cyclic nitrogen compound is: ##STR1## wherein a, b, and c, are integers selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2, a plus b plus c equal about 3 to 6, and wherein and X, X', and X" are hydrogen or --CH.sub.3 ;(b) said hydroxy-containing organo-phosphorus compound is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## and mixtures thereof wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are lower alkyl or haloalkyl radicals and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen, lower alkyl or haloalkyl radicals;(c) said acid is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## and mixtures thereof, wherein R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are hydrogen, lower alkyl, haloalkyl or hydroxyalkyl, R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are lower alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxy-polyalkyleneoxy, alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy or haloalkoxy, ##STR4## wherein R.sup.

Abstract: Compositions comprising 2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphobicyclo [2.2.2.] octane -4-methanol-1-oxide and a nitrogen compound selected from the group melamine, ammeline, benzoguanidine, guanidine, urea and salts thereof, are intumescent and are readily adapted to flame retard a variety of dissimilar resins including polyolefins, polyvinylaromatic resins, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, polyamides, PVC and blends thereof.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein a, b, c, d, and n are integers; a is from 1 to 3; b and c are independently selected from the group consisting of 0 and 1; d and n are independently selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2; R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and haloalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and 1 to 2 halogen atoms; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of haloalkyl containing 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and 1 to about 2 halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and mixtures thereof.The use of this compound with specified amounts of a certain methylated methylol melamine and water allows one to produce an intumescent composition which is substantially superior to prior art intumescent compositions.

Abstract: Certain filled propylene polymer compositions, especially propylene homopolymers filled with a carbon black (10-50 parts per 100 parts of polymer) and containing about 30-50 parts of intumescent fire-retardant obtained by heating a mixture of a polyol, a phosphorus acid, and melamine have very high ignition resistance and desirable physical properties. When usual inorganic fillers are used, instead of carbon black, good ignition resistance is not obtained. Carbonaceous materials other than carbon blacks, for example, acetylene blacks, graphite, and so-called Austin black reduce or completely counteract the fire-retardant activity of the intumescent fire retardant. Filled propylene polymer compositions of this invention are particularly suitable in applications where the fire hazard is particularly great, for example, in automotive parts under the hood and in electrical applications.

Abstract: Undesirable color formation during the preparation of a cured intumescent flame retardant is minimized by including a color stabilizing amount of at least one of certain metal phosphites, hypophosphites, sulfites and bisulfites.

Abstract: A fireproofing material based on alkali metal silicates and containing from 20 to 60 percent by weight of water, which additionally contains from 1 to 10 percent by weight of a borate or an aluminate, preferably sodium aluminate, to improve the aging resistance. The fireproofing material can be used to insulate apertures and passages in building structures against the passage of fire and smoke, and can also be used as a fireproof glass.