Abstract: Disclosed are electrorheological fluids including vermiculite treated with an amine salt, methods of making the same, propylene carbonate adsorbed on the solid phase, butyl benzoate added for the liquid phase, and methods of using frequency response of electrorheological fluids to vary apparent viscosity and to compensate for temperature.

Abstract: An electro-rheological fluid which comprises a solid particulate substance contained in a hydrophobic vehicle which is liquid at atmospheric pressure at least at temperatures below 50.degree. C. and which comprises a compound of the formula:(X).sub.n --Ar[Q--Z].sub.pwherein:Ar represents an aromatic nucleus;Q represents an oxygen or a sulphur atom, or a group of the formula CY.sub.1 Y.sub.2, SO, SO.sub.2, SiF.sub.2, --OSi(Y.sub.1 Y.sub.2)O-- in which Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.

Abstract: The additive of the invention can be used as an additive to a liquid cooling system or as a metal cleaning compound. The additive removes rust and other oxidized materials from the cooling system without having to be flushed from the system. The additive contains about 25 percent ortho phosphoric acid and about 1.5 percent zinc chloride. The additive also contains small amounts of ammonium bifluoride, octylphenoxypolyethyleneoxyethanol, dimethylpolysiloxane, and silicone emulsion. The carrier for the additive is preferably distilled water.

Abstract: A compliant thermally conductive, preferably dielectric, compound that enhances the power dissipation capability of high-powered electrical components such as bipolar VLSI semiconductor chips. The compound has chemically stable thermal conduction and viscosity properties; is not subject to phase separation during use and may be applied in small gaps to maximize thermal conduction. The compound preferably comprises a liquid carrier having thermal filler particles dispersed therein and a coupling agent having a functionality which is reactive with the calcined surface of the thermal filler particles, and a functionality having preferential wetting of the thermal filler particles over self-condensation. Additional additives such as fumed silica and polyisobutylene enhance the phase stability and resistance to thermo-mechanical shear force degradation of the thermally conductive compound encountered during functional usage, e.g., fluctuating power cycles.

Abstract: An antifreeze composition comprising a glycol and water, containing (A) a phosphoric acid compound, (B) a compound of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of manganese and magnesium, (C) a corrosion-proofing agent, and optionally (D) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (a) an aromatic polybasic acid or a salt thereof, (b) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, (c) a molybdate, (d) a tungstate, (e) a homopolymer derived from an alkylene glycol monoallyl ether or a maleic type monomer, and (f) a copolymer thereof with another monomer and having a pH value in the range of 6.5 to 9.

Abstract: The electroviscous fluid is a suspension composed of a finely divided dielectric solid dispersed in an electrically nonconductive oil. Viscosity of the fluid increases swiftly and reversibly under an influence of electric field applied thereto and the fluid turns to a state of plastic or solid when the influence is sufficiently strong.The electroviscous fluid of the present invention comprises(A) 1-60% by weight of a dispersed phase composed of hygroscopic inorganic particles having an average particle size of 0.01-20 micrometer and regulated to a water content of 0.1-10% by weight and adsorbing a high boiling point liquid polar compound, and(B) 99-40% by weight of a liquid phase of an electric insulating oil having a viscosity 0.65-500 centistokes at room temperature.The electroviscous fluid exhibits an excellent electroviscous effect for a long period of time with a low electric power consumption together with a quick response at the application and cancellation of an electric potential difference.

Abstract: Antifreeze composition and composition concentrates are disclosed which comprise an alcohol, such as, for example ethylene glycol, a surface modifier, such as, for example, an organophosphate which adheres to the interior surfaces of a cooling system, and a pseudo oil, such as, for example a polypropylene glycol, which forms a film on the surface-modified, interior surfaces of the cooling system. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the composition and composition concentrates.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor slurry is disclosed which is suitable for addition to a selected liquid coolant capable of dispersing at least one glycol having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms per molecule. The slurry consists of a mixture of (a) a treatment composition comprising corrosion inhibitor, capable of dispersing in said selected liquid coolant and consisting of solid and, optionally non-solid components; and (b) a liquid vehicle selected from glycols which have 3 to 5 carbon atoms per molecule and disperse in said selected liquid coolant. The treatment composition solids in the slurry are fine particles; the amount of vehicle in the slurry is chosen such that the particles are thoroughly wetted and the slurry both sets and is pumpable; and the amounts of non-solid components of the treatment composition are limited to a total quantity that does not substantially impair the pumping and setting characteristics provided by the particles and liquid vehicle.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid wherein the discrete phase comprises a layered mixed metal hydroxide of the formulae:Li.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+na) A.sub.a.sup.n andMg.sub.x Al.sub.y (OH).sub.zand the continuous phase is a low dielectric fluid. The layered mixed metal hydroxides may be functionalized with an aliphatic carboxylic acid or with the reaction product of a clay and an amine salt to provide a more dispersible particulate phase. The electrorheological fluids have improved thermal stability and provide a strong response to low electric field strengths while requiring a low concentration of layered mixed metal hydroxide component.

Abstract: This invention relates to corrosion inhibitors of steels, particularly carbon steels or low-alloy steels. They are ternary mixtures with synergetic action containing at least one strong base, at least one molybdate and at least one phosphate. This invention also relates to aqueous compositions of alkali metal halide containing said inhibitors. Such compositions are advantageously used as working fluid in high temperature absorption heat pump systems.

Abstract: Pulverulent or water-free liquid detergents each essentially contain surfactants, builders, bleaching agents and effective amounts of compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is for example C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -alkenyl, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each for example H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 -alkyl, as bleach activators for peroxides.

Abstract: An improved method of inducing a change in the dynamic torque transmission of an electrorheological fluid in response to an electric field at low current comprising the steps of: (a) selecting a nonconductive liquid phase (e.g. high dielectric hydrocarbon oil); (b) dispersing in the nonconductive liquid phase a particulate phase substantially free of adsorbed water (e.g. zeolite); and (c) subjecting the resulting electrorheological fluid to an electric potential in excess of about one kilovolt at a current density of less than about one-third microamp per square inch. Such a method achieves a rate of increase of dynamic transmission of torque per unit voltage, dM/dV, in excess of about 0.034 ft-lbs.times.10.sup.-3 /kV and a ratio of dynamic transmission of torque at an electric field strength of at least 2.4 kV to the dynamic transmission of torque at zero field strength, M/Mo, of at least about 2.

Abstract: An antifreeze composition for use in aluminum internal combustion engines is disclosed. It is comprised of from 0.05 percent to 0.5 percent silicate, from 0.07 percent to 0.35 percent nitrate, from 0.2 percent to 2.0 percent phosphate, from 0.5 percent to 4.0 percent benzoate, from 0.1 percent to 1.0 percent molybdate, from 0.02 percent to 0.3 percent vanadate, from 0.05 percent to 0.3 percent triazole, and from 100 ppm to 5000 ppm organosilane stabilizer for the silicate. Organic amines and borates are excluded in the compositions and the pH of the compositions is from about 7 to about 9.

Abstract: Improved automatic transmission fluids (ATF's) and gear lubricant compositions comprising a low concentration of an oil-soluble transistion metal compound are provided. The transition metal compound ameliorates low temperature thickening in ATF's and high temperature thickening in gear lubricants.

Abstract: An electro-rheological fluid comprising a hydrophilic solid and a hydrophobic liquid component wherein the hydrophobic liquid component comprises a fluorosilicone whose average molecular weight is in the range 200-700.

Abstract: A heat transfer promoter composition comprises a triazine-dithiol derivative represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents --NHR' or --NR'.sub.2 wherein: R' is a hydrocarbon group; M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals; and at least one of M groups is alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal. This heat transfer promotor is applied to that surface of a condenser tube to be contacted by a vapor to be condensed.

Abstract: An inorganic halide and a water soluble hydroxy-containing organic compound or urea are useful in treating particulate solids such that the solids are more easily dumped after being exposed to freezing temperatures. The combination of the inorganic halide and hydroxy-containing organic compound or urea not only reduce the strength of ice formed between the particles but also reduce the amount of particulate solids which sticks to the sides of the transport or storage container from which the solids are removed.

Abstract: The present invention is a fluid which exhibits excellent electrorheological properties at low current densities, at high temperatures, and in the complete absence of absorbed water or water of hydration. In a preferred embodiment, the fluid comprises lithium hydrazinium sulfate dispersed in silicone oil, and in the presence of an appropriate suspension stabilizing agent.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which comprises water and at least one carboxylic salt dispersed or dissolved in said water, said salt being derived from:(A)(I) at least one derivative formed by reacting at least one C.sub.

Abstract: Single-phase, thermally-stable, corrosion-inhibiting heat transfer fluids comprising triethylene glycol, a corrosion-inhibiting amount of a mixture of a soluble borate compound and a soluble Group VIa metal oxygenate compound selected from the group consisting of chromate, molybdate and tungstate compounds, and, optionally, water, a copper corrosion inhibitor and sodium nitrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to water based functional fluids and antiwear compositions for such functional fluids. The functional fluids can be used in hydraulic systems or as metal working compositions to cool and lubricate surfaces which are in frictional contact during operations such as the turning, cutting, peeling, or grinding of metals. More specifically, the invention relates to a novel antiwear composition for inclusion in functional fluids which comprises:(a) a metal dialkyldithiophosphate, and(b) certain primary amines.It has been found that this combination of certain primary amines with the metal dialkyldithiophosphate provides improved wear properties over the use of the metal dialkyldithiophosphate alone, particularly at higher operating pressures such as 2000 psig and above. The functional fluid would also contain(c) a thickener and optionally(d) a carboxylic compound; and(e) a surfactant.

Abstract: An improved electric field dependent fluid and method of preparing the same for use at temperatures in excess of 100.degree. C. (typically 120.degree. C.) without releasing water comprising: a nonconductive liquid phase; and a dispersed particulate crystalline zeolite phase (e.g., M.sub.(x/n) [AlO.sub.2).sub.x (SiO.sub.2).sub.y ] wH.sub.2 O where M is a metal cation or mixture of metal cations of average valence charge n, x and y are integers and the ratio of y to x is from about 1 to about 5, and w is a variable). Such field dependent fluids are particularly useful in automotive and/or other high temperatures applications.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to a polyhydroxy alcohol-based antifreeze concentrate for engines containing aluminum parts which utilizes certain heteropolymolybdate compounds as corrosion inhibitors for aluminum parts. In addition, the antifreeze contains conventional components such as a buffer, silicate, and nitrate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for changing the optical and/or physical properties of a fluid composition employ an electric field applied across the fluid for controlling the fluid properties. The fluid consists of a dielectric liquid and an electrically conductive, elongated, fibrous particulate material. The fibrous material has a length between approximately 1000 angstroms and five millimeters, a diameter less than about 700 angstroms, and an aspect ratio of length to diameter greater than about five. The particulate material is in colloidal suspension in the liquid. Generally, when the particles are dispersed in the liquid by Brownian movement forces, the fluid composition has an average separation between particles of approximately three to ten or more times the average length of the particulate material.

Abstract: A heavy duty supplemental cooling composition for use in diesel engines which comprises a sodium-free buffer, a cavitation liner pitting inhibitor, a metal corrosion and hot surface corrosion inhibitor, a defoamer, a hot surface deposition and scale inhibitor and a detergent. An internal leakage trace element is included to detect leakage into the engine's lubricating oil.

Abstract: Electroviscous fluids are disclosed which are composed of aluminum silicates particles in an electrically non-conductive liquid and a suitable dispersing agent. The atomic ratio of Al/Si on the surface of the aluminum silicate lies within the range of 0.15 to 0.80.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat transfer liquid which comprises 2 to 12 parts by weight of water, at most 4 parts by weight of urea and/or formamide and/or dimethyl formamide, at most 7 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and optionally ethylene glycol at most of the same volume than that of the above-listed components as major components with at most 0.3% by weight or by volume of corrosion inhibitors calculated for the total weight or volume of the liquid.Using the heat transfer liquid of the invention the drawbacks derived from the application of glycol can be completely or in most part eliminated and a non-toxic heat-transfer liquid suitable for isopiestic drying can be also prepared.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid which comprises a liquid continuous phase and, dispersed therein, at least one dispersed phase and which is capable of functioning as such when at least the dispersed phase is substantially anhydrous.

Abstract: An automobile coolant concentrate comprising (a) a liquid polyhydric alcohol, and (b) a corrosion inhibitor comprising an alkali metal antimony tartrate, preferably with an azole compound, in a corrosion inhibitory amount with respect to corrosion of lead-containing solders.

Abstract: An electroviscous fluid comprising more than 25% by weight of silica gel with a water content of 1 to 15% by weight, a non-conductive oily phase dispersion medium, 1 to 30% by weight of one or more polymers soluble in the dispersion medium, the weight percentage being based on the water-containing silica gel, and the polymers having a molecular weight in the range of from 5.times.10.sup.3 to 10.sup.6 and containing 0.1 to 10% by weight of N and/or OH and 25 to 83% by weight of C.sub.4 to C.sub.24 -alkyl groups. Such electroviscous fluids are useful for transmitting powerful forces by means of a low electronic output, for example, in hydraulic valves and shock absorbers.

Abstract: A mixture of an organopolysiloxane fluid, a zirconium-containing organosiloxane compound having at least one zirconium atom and at least one siloxane unit, and a cerium-containing organosiloxane compound having at least one cerium atom and at least one siloxane unit is an organopolysiloxane viscous coupler fluid which can be used in gear systems. These coupler fluids undergo little viscosity increase or decrease and little torque variation at elevated temperature and under high shear over long periods of time.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for cooling an internal combustion engine with an oil-in-alcohol containing consolute antifreeze composition.

Abstract: A dry and free-flowing composition containing salt, C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 monohydric and/or polyhydric alcohol, diatomaceous earth (or suitable substitute) and sodium metasilicate characterized by a particle size smaller than about 80 mesh. The composition is useful for facilitating the melting and removal of snow and ice.

Abstract: A heat transfer promoter composition comprises a triazine-dithiol derivative represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents --NHR' or --NR'.sub.2 wherein: R' is a hydrocarbon group; M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals; and at least one of M groups is alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal. This heat transfer promotor is applied to that surface of a condenser tube to be contacted by a vapor to be condensed.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibited antifreeze composition using a three-part corrosion inhibitor mixture is described. A dicarboxylic acid component, an alkali metal silicate and a triazole comprise the three corrosion inhibitors. Use of this type of mixture permits the express exclusion of amines, nitrites, nitrates, chromates, borates and phosphates and their attendant disadvantages. Nevertheless, the inventive system provides excellent corrosion resistance in alcohol-based antifreeze, particularly with respect to aluminum.

Abstract: Non-silicate, non-gelling corrosion inhibited antifreeze compositions containing a water-soluble liquid alcohol freezing point depressant and an inhibitor combination comprising an alkali metal salt of benzoic acid, an alkali metal salt of a dicarboxylic acid and an alkali metal nitrate are described. These formulations work just as well or better than silicate-based formulations in all regards and have the advantage of not having to contain expensive organo silane gellation inhibitors as do silicate-containing antifreezes. The dicarboxylic acid used preferably has eight to twelve carbon atoms.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibited antifreeze composition incorporating a corrosion inhibitor is described. The dibasic salt of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and optionally a triazole comprise the corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: The use of dicarboxylic acids or the salts thereof in aqueous solutions to prevent the corrosion of high lead solders contacted thereby is described. These materials are particularly useful in phosphate-based antifreezes. Particularly preferred is the combination of a dicarboxylic acid and an alkali metal molybdate. This mixture gives greater corrosion protection to high lead solder than either component alone.

Abstract: Highly useful hydraulic fluids based on synthetic hydrocarbon basestocks and having improved low temperature properties, good shear stability, and capable of substantially meeting the rigid Denison HF-O standards are provided. The products of this invention are comprised of specific proportions of a two centistoke synthetic hydrocarbon oil obtained from the oligomerization of alpha-olefins, particularly 1-decene, specific polymethacrylate viscosity index improvers, and a zinc-based universal/multifunctional additive package. The hydraulic fluids have a maximum viscosity of 1400 centistokes at -40.degree. F. and minimum viscosity of 5.5 centistokes at 210.degree. F.

Abstract: A thickening agent comprising polyether derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical or an alkylphenol radical having 10 or more carbon atoms, n is 10 to 100, m is 0 to 25, and p is 1 to 3, and wherein R.sub.2 is an alkyl radical having 8 to 30 carbon atoms. These polyether derivatives are prepared by the gradual addition of a long-chain 1,2-epoxy having a chain length of 10 to 32 carbon atoms at temperatures from 100.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: The rheology of aqueous liquids is effectively controlled by the addition to the liquid of a water-dispersible BAB triblock polymer wherein the B blocks are hydrophobic blocks such as alkyl or sulfonated poly(t-butylstyrene) and the A block is a hydrophilic block such as sulfonated poly(vinyltoluene).

Abstract: In accordance with the instant invention, a water-based hydraulic fluid, having improved anti-wear and corrosion inhibition properties can be obtained by blending neodecanoic acid with a conventional water-based hydraulic fluid composition.

Abstract: Gelation resistant alcohol compositions containing water-soluble silicates are obtained by the use of effective silicate gelation stabilizing amounts of at least one of a polymer of acrylic acid, alkaline earth metal and alkaline earth metal salts thereof; a sugar alcohol; and a water-soluble salt of molybdic, tungstic, or selenic acids.

Abstract: A liquid for the absorption of solar heat, useful as an heat-absorbing medium in water heaters and heat collectors, which comprises:(a) a dispersing medium selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, mixture of propylene glycol with water, mixture of propylene glycol with water and glycerin, and mixture of glycerin with water,(b) a dispersant selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, caramel, and mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone with caramel, and(c) a powdered activated carbon as a black coloring material.

Abstract: Substantially oil-free aqueous industrial fluids possess superior lubricating and wear preventing characteristics and are useful as hydraulic fluids and metalworking compositions. Fluids of the invention comprise (1) an aqueous liquid and (2) a water-soluble synthetic addition copolymer of (a) an ethylenically unsaturated polyalkyleneoxy containing monomer, (b) an ethylenically unsaturated water-soluble monomer and, optionally, (c) an ethylenically unsaturated water-insoluble monomer.The industrial fluids exhibit good Newtonian behavior and mechanical stability at higher shear.

Abstract: Substantially oil-free aqueous industrial fluids possess superior lubricating and wear preventing characteristics and are useful as hydraulic fluids and metalworking compositions. Fluids of the invention comprise (1) an aqueous liquid and (2) a water-soluble synthetic addition polymer of (a) an ethylenically unsaturated crosslinking monomer, (b) an ethylenically unsaturated water-soluble monomer, (c) an ethylenically unsaturated water-insoluble monomer and (d) an ethylenically unsaturated polyalkyleneoxy-containing monomer.The industrial fluids exhibit good Newtonian behavior and mechanical stability at high shear.

Abstract: A single-phase glycol-based antifreeze composition having superior performance in multi-metal corrosion protection contains certain silicate, phosphate, borate, nitrate, azole, and alkali compounds in specified proportions. Such compositions are of particular advantage in inhibiting the corrosion of aluminum surfaces at elevated antifreeze service temperatures.

Abstract: pH in the range of 9 to 10.5 can be maintained at elevated temperatures over an extended period by the decarboxylation of bicarbonate or carbonate ion present in a coolant composition free of phosphate and borate compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lubricant composition, the carrier material of which is a grease, a lubricating oil, a hydraulic oil or a cutting lubricant of natural and/or synthetic origin and as additive it contains 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of copper, tin and/or lead in the form of copper oxyquinolinate, tin oxyquinolinate and/or lead oxyquinolinate.The lubricant composition forms a plastic copper, tin and/or lead layer on the surfaces to be lubricated and ensures good frictional properties.

Abstract: An antifreeze composition for use in aluminum internal combustion engines is disclosed. It is comprised of 0.07 percent to 0.35 percent nitrate, 0.04 percent to 0.08 percent silicate, 0.05 percent to 0.25 percent tolyltriazole, benzotriazole or a mixture thereof, 0.2 percent to 1.5 percent borate, and 0.2 percent to 0.75 percent phosphate.