Abstract: A security marker material comprising emissive particles selected from at least two groups with different size distributions and the size distributions satisfy the formula: [(x?z)2/(Sx2+Sz2)]1/2>1 wherein x and z are the volume-weighted mean equivalent-spherical diameters of the two particle distributions and Sx and Sz are the standard deviations of the same two distributions.

Abstract: Certain poly(oxyalkylene) colorants are disclosed along with method of preparation thereof. A method of using these colorants as fluorescent security taggants is also disclosed.

Abstract: Certain poly(oxyalkylene) colorants are disclosed along with method of preparation thereof. A method of using these colorants as fluorescent security taggants is also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods providing for the introduction of a dye, particularly a xanthene dye, and more particularly a rhodamine dye, to liquid anhydrous ammonia to discourage theft of the anhydrous ammonia and provide for leak detection in storage vessels. The dye will stain objects which come into contact with the liquid anhydrous ammonia allowing for the detection of such contact. Generally, the staining will be visible to the naked eye, but may also fluoresce when exposed to a particular light source such as ultra violet (UV) light.

Abstract: Sintered, translucent ceramic microbeads, preferably alumina, titania, zirconia, yttria, zirconium phosphate, or yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) are doped with one or more optically active species. The beads may be added to substances such as explosives in order to create a distinctive optical signature that identifies a manufacturer, lot number, etc. in the event of the need for forensic analysis. Because the beads have a generally spherical surface, the radius of curvature provides an additional distinguishing characteristic by which a particular sample may be identified. The beads could also be formulated into paints if needed to create distinctive optical signatures for camouflage, decoys, or other countermeasures and could also be applied as a dust to track the movement of personnel, vehicles, etc.

Abstract: Additives such as chemical elements, microstructures, time degradable molecules, micro oscillators (clocks) etc. are introduced into inks at production. The additives can be analyzed in samples thus giving source of and date of production. By varying additives over short time spans estimates of date of use may be obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for protecting and marking products by using microparticles, which are to be attached or added to the product, each microparticle having several color layers forming a code, wherein for each individual product two or more differently coded microparticle groups are used, with the first microparticle group containing in its code the same information for a plurality of products, and with the second or subsequent microparticle group containing in its code an information which is individual for each individual product or for few products.

Abstract: Liquids, such as petroleum fuels, are tagged with chemical compounds having a light-absorbing identifying chemical moiety and at least one polymerizable chemical moiety. The marker is identified in a specimen of the liquid by polymerizing the marker compound, generally along with additional co-polymerizable material.

Abstract: A method for visibly marking an area contaminated with transformer oil or other organic liquid uses a marking composition that consists of a colorant held within a solid carrier material, the colorant being such as to effect a visibly perceptible change upon contact with the organic liquid. The carrier material may be an absorbent that permits delivery of the colorant through capillary action, or the colorant may be encapsulated by a cell-forming matrix material that interacts with the contaminating liquid to effect release.

Abstract: There is provided radioactive particles having a ceramic matrix and an element which can be bombarded with neutrons to produce a gamma ray-emitting isotope. The particles are manufactured by mixing the ceramic components and the element, forming particles, sintering the particles, and the particles are subsequently made radioactive by bombardment with neutrons. Particles injected into wells or flow apparatus are traced by adding the radioactive particles and detecting the radioactive particles with gamma ray-sensitive instruments. Particles containing different elements are detected by spectral analysis of gamma rays.

Abstract: A particulate aerosol tracer which comprises a particulate carrier of sheet silicate composition having a particle size up to one micron, and a cationic dopant chemically absorbed in solid solution in the carrier. The carrier is preferably selected from the group consisting of natural mineral clays such as bentonite, and the dopant is selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements and transition elements. The tracers are dispersed by forming an aqueous salt solution with the dopant present as cations, dispersing the carriers in the solution, and then atomizing the solution under heat sufficient to superheat the solution droplets at a level sufficient to prevent reagglomeration of the carrier particles.

Abstract: A tracer metal, which is not present in engine parts subject to wear, is used to ascertain the source of metals in used oil as between lubricating oil additives and other sources, particularly wear of engine parts.

Abstract: A tracer particle for determining the concentration of a microingredient in a bulk material is disclosed. The tracer particle comprises a finely divided ferromagnetic particulate material approximately 90% of which is approximately 325 mesh or smaller, a microingredient and a binder wherein the microingredient and ferromagnetic material are entrapped in the binder and wherein the tracer particle is approximately 35 to 80 mesh in size.

Abstract: A particulate coding material, e.g. for identifying the origin of a product by introducing it at source without its presence being readily apparent, comprises particles formed as thin transverse sections of an assembly of elongated elements, e.g. of plastic or natural fibres, of different colors and/or compositions forming a transversely united structure, e.g. having their longitudinal surfaces in adherent contact or contained in a matrix. The assembly can be produced by combining pre-existing filaments, e.g. by twisting, or by extrusion through a die, and may be drawn-down to a desired size (e.g. 10-150 .mu.m across) before sectioning. The resulting plurality of distinguishable areas in each particle (and, if desired, their relative locations) provide a coding facility. Larger flat bodies similarly formed, and the unsectioned elongated assemblies, also have identifying uses.

Abstract: Vapor permeable microcapsules filled with volatile perfluoroalkyl bromide and used to tag articles for the detection thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of tagging a substance to allow subsequent identification thereof comprising incorporating in the substance a polypeptide. Typically, the polypeptide is a synthetic polypeptide having a specific sequence of amino acids to constitute a particular molecular code which can be easily and readily identified.

Abstract: Vapor permeable microcapsules filled with volatile perfluoroalkyl pentafluorosulfide and used to tag articles for the detection thereof.

Abstract: Microparticles encoded for retrospective identification of substances into which they are incorporated. The novel microparticles have flat surfaces bearing repetitive identifying indicia such as alphanumerics which can be visually interpreted under magnification. The indicia may provide only part or all of the code.