Abstract: A reel for electric fence wire is formed from electrically insulative material and is supported for rotation between electrically conductive arms of a grounding stake, the reel containing an energizer which is grounded through an electrically conductive shaft which extends axially through one end of the reel to provide a journal bearing for the reel, the shaft being in electrical continuity with the associated arm of the grounding stake, and extending axially into engagement with a grounding electrode of the energizer, thus eliminating a requirement for slip rings.

Abstract: A sensor for taut wire fence systems comprising first and second taut wire connection terminals arranged for relative motion relative to each other, and first and second electrical contacts, each associated with a respective one of the first and second connection terminals and arranged such that a predetermined relative motion between the first and second connection terminals produces an electrical connection between the first and second electrical contacts.

Abstract: An electric fence insulator cap for mounting on U-posts of varying flange tip to flange tip widths and varying bight to flange depth in either of two 180.degree. oriented positions. The electric fence wire is held in a pair of slotted lugs for simple installation. The cap top is generally sloped to deflect rain with a central flat surface for impacting installation on the fence post.

Abstract: This invention relates to an intrusion warning wire fence secured to spaced supporting poles. The fence comprises one or more electrical and/or optical conductors, preferably optical fibers, which may be either (1) incorporated within one or more tubular wires of said wire fence and/or (2) associated exteriorly with one or more wires of said fence, and/or (3) arranged freely in the fence, and which are connected to an intrusion warning system capable of emitting a warning and/or alarm signal in case of breakage or reduction of the conduction capability of at least one of said conductors. According to the invention, in order to prevent anyone from stepping over or scaling the fence, the fence is extended upwards beyond the upper ends of the supporting poles. This and this upper unsupported portion of the fence will be either distorted (bent, flexed) and/or broken, at least locally, if anyone tries to scale the fence.

Abstract: A trip-wire guiding device for a protective fence is described including an elongated member attachable to ground-anchoring means intermediate the fence poles and formed with a plurality of openings through which the tensioned trip-wire are passed for maintaining them in parallel space relationship. Each trip-wire is insertable into the opening via a passageway extending from the opening to the edge of the member. A common locking member is received in a channel extending longitudinally through the elongated member aligned with and passing through the passageways, the common locking member being effective to lock the trip-wires in their respective opening against removal through the passageways, but permits their longitudinal movement, such as to cause the detector means to be actuated upon a change in tension in the trip-wires, but to preclude disabling the detector means by merely fastening the tensioned trip-wires to the wire-guiding member or to the common locking member fixed thereto.

Abstract: An electric fence insulator cap for mounting on various weight and flange configuration T-posts in any of four 90.degree. spaced positions. The electric fence wire is held in a pair of spaced slotted lugs for simple installation. The cap top is generally sloped to deflect rain with a central flat surface for impacting installation on the fence post.

Abstract: An insulator for supporting a conductor of an electric fence on a support post in which the insulator is an elongated sleeve formed of a dielectric plastic material. The sleeve has a bore which slidably receives the conductor therein and is formed with a plurality of ribs which extend longitudinally along the conductor and in a radially outwardly extending direction. The ribs are formed integrally with the sleeve and of the same dielectric plastic material. Two of the ribs abut against the fence post to position the sleeve whereby at least one of the ribs extends outwardly from the sleeve. This outer rib is indented by the web portion of an attachment staple, the legs of which are embedded in the post and trap the sleeve therebetween. This indentation of the outer rib prevents the sleeve from sliding along the conductor and out of contact with the post without the use of any fasteners that pierce the insulator sleeve body.

Abstract: An electrode arrangement for capacitive guard fences wherein the conductor is horizontally stretched substantially parallel to the ground has a shape for preventing formation of water droplets which may collect as a result of precipitation from generating a false alarm and which also deters small animals from perching on the electrode. In one embodiment the electrode has a rectangular cross-section with the longest sides of the electrode being disposed substantially vertically. In another embodiment the electrode consists of two conductors having circular cross-sections which may be disposed parallel to one another or twisted. A further electrode embodiment has at least three conductors having very small circular cross-sections disposed at equal intervals from one another around a circular circumference. Means for facilitating water droplet runoff are provided at equal intervals which simultaneously serve as spacers for the conductors.

Abstract: The electric fencer includes two plastic components having an interfitting groove and rib, as well as integral pins on one component which are pressed into recesses in the other component. The two components are sonically welded together to form a completely sealed housing. Additionally, a grommet resists the entrance of moisture along the power cord, as well as firmly gripping the power cord. The grommet is composed of a U-shaped groove on one component and a tongue on the other component, the tongue pressing against the power cord's insulation so that some of the insulation is forced into the U-shaped groove. The top of the housing overhangs the front panel so as to shield the light coming from a small neon light so that the light can be more readily seen in direct sunlight, the side walls inclining forwardly so that their upper portions assist in the shielding action.

Abstract: A composite member for use as a substitute for a wooden rail in fencing, especially in agricultural and farming, where livestock need to be confined, which reduces the danger of damage to the livestock, but provides for safety and security.The proposed composite member comprises a plurality of wire members, 1A and 1B, possibly of stranded wire, coated and spaced apart by a synthetic resin material 2 forming a web, which preferably has one or more longitudinal ribs 2A to facilitate coiling for storage or transit, enhance appearance, and provide for color coding.

Abstract: This invention relates to a security alarm arrangement which embodies a substantially helically extending deterrent wire generally of a coiled configuration. At least one longitudinally extending electrically conductive wire passes through the helical wire configuration in the general direction of the axis thereof. The helical wire configuration and the longitudinally extending wire are both connected to an alarm system which will trigger should the two wires be brought into contact.

Abstract: A monitoring system for use with an electrified fence and an energizer (21) therefor, monitoring system being adapted to determine the effectiveness of electric pulses applied to the fence by the energizer (21) and including a voltage sensing device (10) for sensing the voltage of the pulse applied to the fence conductor, a current sensing device (12) for sensing the current in the fence conductor and monitoring device (14) (16) (17) (20) for monitoring signals related to the current and voltage whereby the monitoring device (14) (16) (17) (20) operates an alarm (18) and/or indicates a reading on an indicator (15) when the monitored signals fall outside predetermined ranges of values indicative of lack of fence effectiveness.

Abstract: A safety cap having a body with integral inwardly projecting portions for providing resilient contact between the safety cap and a T-shaped fence post when the safety cap is placed thereover. The safety cap is also provided with means for supporting an electric wire and the inwardly projecting portions are located so that the safety cap may be placed in a desired one of two directions.

Abstract: A security fence system employs a plurality of very thin, high tensile strength, highly stressed wires arranged relatively close together and between each of which is connected an electrical resistance. A voltage source causes a current to flow through the series-connected wires and resistors. An annealed segment can be formed in each high tensile strength wire and located between the points where each wire is attached to the fence posts, to make stretching of the wires without breaking them impossible. A sensing circuit is connected to the fence and includes voltage comparators and potentiometers for providing adjustable triggering levels. The comparators detect when the current flowing in the fence is altered and trigger an alarm if any of the wires are broken, or if any of the wires contact one another. The alarm can be turned off only by normalizing the fence and actuating a reset switch.

Abstract: Enclosure for animals comprising one or more tapes (1) extending between fixing points which are spaced apart from each other, which has one or more electrical conductors (4). These are electrically insulated from the ground and can be connected to a source of electricity supply. Each tape (1) is woven from a plurality of longitudinal and transverse force-absorbing textile threads, while the electrical conductors (4) are formed from one or more woven-in longitudinal electrically conductive wires.

Abstract: An electrified fence gate including a tensioned flexible support wire extending horizontally across a fence gate opening, at a height greater than that of vehicles normally intended to pass through the opening, a series of spaced gate wires connected at their upper ends to the support wire and depending closely adjacent but not engaging the road surface, and a fence charger operable to charge the wires with a shocking electric charge. Vehicles, insulated from the ground by their rubber tires, may thus pass freely through the gate without stopping, merely deflecting the hanging wires, but any livestock attempting to pass through, being grounded, will receive an electric shock whenever they touch any of the hanging gate wires, and hence be driven away from the gate.

Abstract: A post for an electric fence, comprising a straight stick portion (1), a base member (2) secured to the stick portion, and two plastic insulating members (3 and 4) disposed at a distance from each other. Stick portion (1) is made of reinforced plastic and base member (2) and insulating members (3 and 4) are manufactured straight upon the stick portion by injection moulding. All injection components (2, 3 and 4) are manufactured in one working step by one injection mould. After the manufacturing step, one (4) of the insulating members is displaced along the stick portion to its desired position. Base member (2) and the other insulating member (3) are fixedly mounted on said stick portion (1) by means of recesses or roughenings made therein.

Abstract: The invention provides a wire tensioning member for providing spring tension in a fence wire. There is provided a spring steel member of a resiliently deformable compound curvature, with the wire being attachable to one end, and the other end being provided with an engaging portion or shaft engageable in a recess provided on a fence post or other fixed ground anchor. The particular application is to provide resilience in light gauge (i.e. between 12-22 gauge) high tensile wire used in electric fencing systems. The resilience of the wire tensioning member also enables it to be used as a conventional gate handle, and furthermore enables the fence to be tensioned to provide overhead or pinned gates in any desired part of the fence for animals or vehicles to pass therethrough.

Abstract: This invention relates to wheel-like electric fence standards where an electrified fence wire passes through an insulated hub member from which radiates a number of legs to form a wheel-like configuration and is characterized in that a contactor within the hub automatically connects and disconnects successively the legs from the fence wire to prevent the legs in contact with the ground from short-circuiting the fence.

Abstract: A charging circuit in an electric fence installation, comprising transformer or equivalent circuitry having series and parallel inductances and capacitances, wherein a solid state control switching device is provided in the energization line, which automatically opens the line at the time that the charging of the series capacitance represented by the fence-to-ground capacity is at or nearly at the upper peak value of the transient voltage which occurs.

Abstract: A structure for affixing metallic wire to support posts is provided wherein between each post and each wire there is inserted a piece of non-oxidizable material which is not electrically conductive and which physically separates the wires from the posts with the further provisions that each said post is provided with an opening, said piece of non-oxidizable material is provided with a complemental opening, and said post and piece are tied together with a flexible fixation tying member which passes through said complemental openings and around said metallic wire so as to hold the latter in place against said piece of non-oxidizable material and out of direct contact with said post.

Abstract: A security fence system in which single-strand wires are arranged in pairs and stretched between conventional fence posts. Electrical current is passed through the pair of wires which are arranged such that upon disturbing the wires by attempting entry into the fenced area the current path will be altered, the condition sensed by a detection device, and an alarm is set off.

Abstract: An apparatus to energize electrical fences is disclosed which provides pulses at random or irregular intervals in order that animals maintained in such a fence do not become accustomed to a particular pattern.

Abstract: Apparatus for killing pests with an electrified screen. The screen has conductive weft strands woven between insulative warp strands. Insulative weft strands may be disposed between adjacent conductive weft strands. Busses are disposed in the warp having an insulative base and conductive strips on opposite sides thereof. Alternate conductive weft strands contact one of the strips and the remaining conductive weft strands contact the other strip. The screen may be mounted vertically about a field to kill insects attempting to enter. Also the screen may be employed around the home to kill pests.

Abstract: A switching device enabling an electric fence generator to be controlled by a D.C. pulse supplied to the fence from a separate handpiece. The handpiece comprises a battery with the negative terminal connected to an earth probe. D.C. voltage isolation means are provided between the fence and its generator. The fence is also connected via generator pulse restriction and reduction means to a D.C. detector feeding a multivibrator which via switches controls the main supply to the generator. A D.C. pulse is applied to a fence with the touching of the positive terminal of the handpiece thereto. Shorting of the control pulse to earth via the generator is prevented by the forward voltage factor of the isolation means. Thus, the control pulse triggers the detector to alter the state of the multivibrator and thus switch the generator ON and OFF as the case may be. A storage capacitor delays the state of the multivibrator in the case of inadvertent switching-off of the generator.

Abstract: A marker for an electric fence to warn persons of a long span of bare wire is preferably fabricated from insulating plastic that is stiffly elastic. A groove across a face of a piece of the plastic is somewhat deeper than the diameter of the wire to which the marker is to be attached and is somewhat more narrow so that the wire can be pressed firmly into the groove. The piece of plastic is therefore prevented from sliding along the wire by being gripped within the groove. A streamer is threaded over the plastic piece such that it cannot readily contact the wire.

Abstract: An electrode, connected to a fence charger or the like is secured across the bottom of a gate, fence or the like. A shield partially surrounds the electrode to prevent animals from contacting the electrode unless the animals attempt to put their heads under the gate or fence or attempt to crawl under the gate or fence.

Abstract: An electric fence monitor and alarm apparatus and method is provided in which the charge condition of an electric security fence is continuously monitored, and an indication is provided when the charge on the electric fence falls below a pre-determined level. In a preferred embodiment, the charge on the line causes a circuit to be maintained in an energized condition which maintains a relay or other switch means in a first condition preventing the energization of indicator means or alarm means such as sirens, automatic telephone dialers, horns and bells. When the charge on the line falls below a pre-determined level, the relay or other switch means is switched to a second state, after a pre-determined adjustable time delay, to cause the operation of the indicator, thereby alerting the proper personnel to a failure of the charge on the line for any reason. The failure of the charge on the line is often caused by an unauthorized cutting of the line.

Abstract: A versatile standoff insulator for mounting on chain link fences and elsewhere is comprised of first and second shaped insulating members having grooves or passageways between the insulating members for mounting to the links of the fence or other object. The same structure may be mounted directly onto surfaces by conventional fastening means such as nails and screws. The standoff element is provided with a grommet to prevent the wire from wearing and breaking at the suspension points.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating electric pulses is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a generator or oscillator for charging a storage capacitor and a control circuit for controlling the discharge of the capacitor through an output or discharge circuit which includes a controllable switch device and two output terminals or electrodes. In an embodiment, the output circuit also includes a high voltage output pulse transformer.Whenever a load resistance exists or occurs between the two output electrodes, a particular detector current will flow through the load resistance and through a specific detector or load sensing circuit in the apparatus. This detector current indicating that an external load resistance is present, will automatically start the charging generator which then will operate to charge and recharge the storage capacitor as long as the detector current exists, i.e. as long as the external load is present.

Abstract: A security fence is described comprising a plurality of barbed wires supported on spaced posts and extending in a generally parallel horizontal direction to the ground surface, alternate wires being supported on opposite sides of each post in the manner of a basket weave configuration such that the wires in plan view cross each other. Alternate wires are connected to a source of electric power, with the intermediate wires being earthed.

Abstract: An improvement in electrified cable assemblies for use with electrically charged fences is disclosed. The improvement provides for a dual conductor insulated cable having a plurality of longitudinally spaced contacts mounted thereon with alternate contacts being connected to one of the conductors and the remaining contacts being connected to the remaining conductor, wherein one conductor is electrically connected to a fence charger and the remaining conductor is electrically connected to ground.

Abstract: The invention is an improved method for the electrical grounding of insulation coated chain link fabric that is usually used for fences or similar enclosures. The invention provides a continuous wire at the top or bottom, or both, edges of the erected fabric that electrically connects each of the insulation coated wires which make up the fabric. The continuous wire is then grounded at intervals along the length of the fence or enclosure and thus effectively electrically grounds the fabric. Numerous variations in the configuration of the wire are included in the embodiments for accomplishing the grounding.

Abstract: The invention is an improved method for electrical grounding of plastics coated chain link fabric that is usually used for fences or similar enclosures. The invention provides a method for grounding by employing an insulating coating containing conductive particles to form a continuous linkage or electrical path through and between all wires that compose the fabric. The said fabric, after said continuous linkage or electrical path is established, is then grounded at various intervals along the length of the fence or enclosure and thus effectively electrically grounds the fabric.

Abstract: A fence post and an insulator holder for an electric fence. A post has an insulator holder mount on its normally upper end portion. An insulator holder is mountable with the post in a depending relation. An insulator is mounted in the insulator holder and it in turn mounts a wire. The fence post and insulator holder is constructed and adapted to be used with other similar fence posts, insulator holders, insulators and a wire to form an electric fence. In the fence the posts are positioned in an alternating fashion on opposite sides of the wire. The insulator holders are positioned in an opposed relation on opposite sides of the line of the fence and insulators mount the wire.

Abstract: Fence fabric formed of a multiplicity of entwining electrically conductive metal wire cores each coated with a heat disintegrable electrical insulation is rendered susceptible to grounding by disposing each of said metal cores in contact with at least one electrically conductive ground element. To produce this product, one or more of the foregoing conductive elements is placed in permanent contact with each coated wire of the fence fabric and sufficient current passed through said conductive element to disintegrate the insulation coating and provide an electrically conductive path between the metal core of each of said wires and said electrical conductor.

Abstract: An apparatus for collecting shellfish and the like comprises a first fence anchored in the ground to enclose a collection area, said fence comprising wall sections of a height to be scaled by shellfish, each of said wall sections having exposed on only the inner surface thereof a pair of vertically spaced conductors spaced less than the length of the shellfish and so as to be in the advancing path of the shellfish scaling the wall section from the inner side thereof. Means are provided for applying intermittent voltage pulses continuously to the conductors which pulses are spaced apart a time interval less than the time required for the shellfish to span the space therebetween.

Abstract: A horse trailer and corral structure which includes a horse trailer having opposed side walls and having doors at the rear side thereof. An electric power source is mounted on the trailer, as are brackets which support a plurality of insulator-carrying fence posts. The fence posts are demountably supported in the brackets on the trailer during transport of the trailer. A cable reel is mounted on the trailer and has an elongated electrical conductor reeled thereon for use in cooperation with the fence posts when a corral is to be set up using the fence posts.

Abstract: An elongated strand of electric fence wire is provided with wheels whereby the strand can be rolled from one location to another while remaining stretched out lengthwise. The wheels also serve as posts whereby the strand of wire is held out of contact with the ground and at a desired elevation when in use. Each end of the wire can be attached to a portable holding means for anchoring the wire and which is also useful in moving the fence to a new location. When the fence is moved, the wheels roll and move with the wire, becoming rolling fence posts so that the wire does not snag an obstruction which may be lying on the ground or protruding from it.

Abstract: A fence wire mount and insulator device adapted for mounting on a metal fence post of T-shaped cross section in which wire is supported in spaced relationship relative to the fence post by a bracket member which engages the fence post and is shaped to accommodate a variety of configurations and dimensions. The bracket which engages the fence post is provided with a curved offset portion which permits elongation of one portion of the bracket and permits initial easy insertion of the fence post relative to the bracket.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for protecting assembled wheel move irrigation systems from being damaged by cattle grazing in a field where such a system is located, which includes the clamping of an insulator utilizing an over-center clamping arrangement on the rim of each ground-engaging wheel of the system and electrifying a wire strung along the length of the system and supported by a wire-engaging means on the face of each clamp-on insulator.

Abstract: Versatile plastic fence posts are provided by combining a front flange, rear flange and web with an integral support plate. Wire engaging lugs permit easy assembly of electric wire fence. The posts can also be used for line fence, with barb wire, or with woven wire fabric.

Abstract: A tubular plastic casing has a coil spring contained therein. A first rod member is hooked to the spring at one end of the casing, the rod member having a shank extending axially through the spring and outwardly through the opposite end of the casing. A hook is provided on the projecting end of this rod member for releasably engaging a post-mounted anchor. A second rod member, which is reversely bent, has its two adjacent ends hooked to the spring at the other end of the casing, the parallel shanks thereof extending through the spring and outwardly through the said one end of the casing so that the projecting reversely bent end can be attached to a length of electric fence wire. The tubular casing has a hand grip portion which is grasped when the gate is to be opened, the moving of the casing toward the gate anchor compressing the coil spring so that the hook on the first rod member can be readily disengaged from the anchor to permit passage through the gate.

Abstract: Fence fabric formed of a multiplicity of entwining electrically conductive metal wire cores each coated with a heat disintegrable electrical insulation is rendered susceptible to grounding by disposing each of said metal cores in contact with at least one electrically conductive ground element. To produce this product, one or more of the foregoing conductive elements is placed in permanent contact with each coated wire of the fence fabric and sufficient current passed through said conductive element to disintegrate the insulation coating and provide an electrically conductive path between the metal core of each of said wires and said electrical conductor.

Abstract: A training and crowd gate for urging animals to move through a passageway. The training and crowd gate includes an overhead track which extends along the passageway and a carriage movably suspended from the track. A cross arm is mounted on the carriage and a plurality of flexible electrical conductors hang downwardly from spaced points on the cross arm to form a barrier across the passageway. An audible signal, a conductor charger and a carriage drive unit are carried on the carriage. A control at an operator's station remote from the crowd gate simultaneously energizes the audible signal means and carriage drive unit and further connects the conductor charger to a source of electrical energy. By repeating the movement of the charged barrier in the presence of an audible signal, the animals are trained to associate the audible signal with the movement of the barrier in a charged state and are subsequently move through the passageway ahead of the barrier even without a charge on the conductors.

Abstract: An arrangement for rotational grazing of pastures along land strips defined by parallel guide wires. A wire perpendicular to the parallel guide wires is slidably coupled to the latter so as to be readily moveable when a new strip of pasture is to be used. The moveable wire is coupled to a parallel conductive wire connected to a voltage source.

Abstract: A portable electric fence post is disclosed for supporting a conventional electric fence wire to provide an enclosure for livestock which is easily moved and stored, said portable electric fence post includes a vehicle tire casing which lays on a side wall to form a ground support, two support members formed of concrete reinforcing rod having lower ends bent transverse to the main portion of the support member and having upper ends which are bent outwardly relative to the lower ends thereof, a post member similar to the support members except the upper end thereof is longer than the upper ends of the support members and forms the post which supports the electric fence wire, and a rubber sleeve whereby the portable electric fence post is formed by inserting the lower ends of the support members and the post member at equally spaced apart positions into the upper side wall of the tire casing and bringing the upper ends of the members together to form a tripod with the rubber sleeve surrounding a portion of the

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrified fence for blocking the passage of animals. This fence comprises a plurality of posts, at least one of which includes a power supply. One or more conductor wires are connected to the power supply and strung from post to post. Each of these conductor wires consists of a metal ribbon coated on both sides with insulation material but leaving exposed the lengthwise edges of the ribbon.

Abstract: A fence post and wire support for electric fences wherein the post is made of unidirectional glass fibers in a plastic resin and has a T-shaped cross section. The resulting structure is light but rigid, and has flat surfaces which eliminate the need for an anchor plate. A number of wire-like clips are adapted for crimping around the post or for resiliently engaging the post to form a wire support. The wire-like clips are designed to cooperate with the T-shaped cross section of the post to provide a secure mounting thereto. Alternatively, a rubber-like wire support having two ring portions which fit snugly around the post, and having a hinge portion joining the ring portions may serve as the wire holder.