Abstract: A method and apparatus for loosening, cutting, and abrading a web of textile fabric having spun yarns containing wrapper fibers. The textile fabric web is directed under high tension around pairs of rotatable, small diameter tubes coated with abrasive particles. Abrasive particles are preferably rounded (nonfaceted) tungsten carbide particles. The tubes (rolls) are rotated at differing speeds in relation to the fabric web speed through the apparatus. Preferably, the first, regressive roll rotates at a speed slower than the web speed and the second, progressive roll rotates at a faster such speed. Such a process and apparatus provide improved conditioning and napping of a fabric web as well as a quicker, more efficient method of performing such fabric treatment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for loosening, cutting, and abrading a web of textile fabric having spun yarns containing wrapper fibers. The textile fabric web is directed under high tension around a rotatable, small diameter tube coated with abrasive particles. Abrasive particles are preferably rounded (nonfaceted) tungsten carbide particles. The tube can be rotated at a slow speed and the surface speed of the tube may be a fixed percentage of the textile fabric web speed. The contact angle of the textile fabric web with the tube is between one (1) and one hundred and twenty (120) degrees. The average pressure between the textile fabric web and the tube should exceed two (2) pounds per square inch (p.s.i.).

Abstract: A denim fabric sheet is drawn into a folded rope configuration, and passed through an impact mechanism and an abrasion mechanism to give the fabric sheet a worn-out stonewashed appearance. Prior to passage through the impact mechanism the fabric sheet is coated with a water solution containing about five percent lubricant, four percent surfactant and about one percent antimigrant. After passage through the impact mechanism, the fabric sheet is rinsed and coated with a more dilute water solution about one percent lubricant, one quarter percent surfactant, about one half percent migrant, and about one half cellulase enzyme. The process is controllable to produce a consistent product appearance and fabric texture.

Abstract: An apparatus for the wet surface treatment (i.e., sueding) of continuous textile materials, including an outer casing provided with an entry region and an exit region, a wet treatment unit containing treatment water and into which a continuous textile material to be treated is passed and at least one rotating fluffing (i.e., sueding) roller against which the continuous textile material is made to slide, the at least one fluffing roller being at least partly immersed in the treatment water contained in the wet treatment unit.

Abstract: A profiled cylinder for teaseling and/or fluffing machines of the type having a generally cylindrical outer peripheral surface and provided at its ends with support hubs for its rotation, in which the radially outer peripheral surface has a particular profile caused by a plurality of variously arranged geometrical forms or surface portions disposed for abraiding contact with a fabric which is to be treated by passage through the machine.

Abstract: A woven fabric for use in papermaking machines and particularly with through air drying machines. The fabric comprises a paper support surface having spaced diagonal rows pockets which are effective to create diagonal rows of uncompressed paper forming fibers over the surface of paper formed on the papermaking machine. The rows of pockets are separated by diagonal strips of support surface arranged along substantially a single plane. The diagonal strips provide support areas over the width of the paper forming fibers which firmly secure the fiber sheet with the papermaking fabric during paper forming. The strips also produce diagonal rows of compressed paper forming fibers which provide for a more stable paper product.

Abstract: The method of the present invention is used to create an overall worn look with areas of heavy wear in specific areas of a new garment's fabric to simulate the wear that occurs from the normal wear of a garment over a prolonged period of time. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of sandblasting the fabric of the new garment to be treated in specific areas in which worn marks simulating areas of heavy wear are desired and treating the entire fabric so that it fades and additional random areas of wear are created. According to the method disclosed, areas of heavy wear occur only in those areas of the fabric which is directly exposed to sandblasting, while the remainder of the fabric obtains a random faded look such that the overall appearance of the new garment simulates that of an old garment that has been naturally worn for a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a fluffy surface on cloth on which short fluff is thickly and uniformly formed. In this fluff-raising process there is no deterioration of the cloth such as undue heating of cloth or the cutting off of raised fibers. The method includes the conveying of the cloth between a working rotary member formed of a cylindrical grindstone and a pressure-contact member having a cooperating circular arc-shaped concave surface portion with which a part of a peripheral surface of the working rotary member is cooperatively engaged. The pressure-contact member is disposed in such a manner that the circular arc-shaped concave surface portion thereof faces closely to the adjacent part of the peripheral surface of the working rotary member.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for modifying fabric and fiber by impaction with particles that create axially aligned micro-cracks and increased porosity allowing penetration of dyestuffs into the fiber or fabric without the need for swelling agents or carriers. The apparatus includes a container, pressurized gas supplied to a first inlet, particles supplied to a second inlet, and an outlet passage through which the particles and gas are supplied to a textile fabric.

Abstract: Denim fabric is made from novelty cotton yarn having irregularly spaced irregularities (e.g. slubs) about one-half inch to two inches in length. The cotton novelty yarn is made by separating cotton sliver into cotton fibers, and acting on the cotton fibers with a negative wire combing roll, and then twisting the cotton fibers into the cotton novelty yarn. The negative wire combing roll has a tooth angle of about -0.01.degree. to -15.degree.. The novelty cotton yarn is made into a warp of about 54-100 (e.g. 54-78) ends per inch, and is ring dyed so that the core of the yarn remains white. The warp is woven with a filling yarn to produce a denim fabric with a weight of about 5 oz.-17 oz. per sq. yd. having the weave and yarn size selected so that a tight construction is provided which highlights the slubs. The fabric is subjected to surface abrasion to remove the surface of dye on the slubs to show a lighter slub than body of the fabric.

Abstract: The invention discloses a working method for giving a localized worn-out aspect to articles of clothing made of denim materials, which consists in treating the article of clothing (6, 70) fitted on a supporting manikin (2, 3) by means of the abrasive action of one or more rotating brushes (20, 21) contrasting against said article of clothing.

Abstract: A method for surface treatment of wet fabric webs in a finishing machine containing an external housing, provided with an inlet zone and an outlet zone, through which a fabric web to be treated is run, and at least one grinder roller rotatably arranged inside it, against which the fabric web is caused to slide. The surface treatment of the fabric is carried out by using abrasive diamond material as the grinding material for the grinder roller.

Abstract: In a process for continuous grinding of web-shaped, textile flat articles by a grinding tool with a coating angle determined by a coating roller, an adjusting member acts on the coating roller to adjust a coating angle in dependence on a friction force which acts on the flat article.

Abstract: A textile warp knitting machine is equipped with a driven sandpaper-covered sueding roll extending the full width of the fabric take-up section of the machine for peripheral engagement of the warp knitted fabric with the sueding roll to produce a raised suede-like nap on one fabric surface. The sueding roll is driven oppositely to the direction of fabric travel. The fabric is guided to contact the sueding roll periphery at two opposite locations thereon. A dancer roller arrangement is provided, including a biasing arrangement for urging the dancer roll with a predetermined force into tensioning engagement with the traveling fabric. Additionally, the sueding roll drive is adapted to vibrate the traveling fabric to allow abraded particles to be released from the sueding roll. The sueding roll and fabric take-up roll drive motors are contained substantially entirely within the driven rolls themselves for improved compactness of the sueding arrangement.

Abstract: A multi-layer fabric for carrying and forming an embossed paper web is provided which comprises two separate woven fabric layers which are joined together, preferably during weaving. The top fabric layer is a very coarse mesh open fabric which supports the web and assists in forming the embossed characteristic of the web. The top layer is connected to a base fabric layer which is a substantially finer mesh. The layers are preferably interconnected by binder strands which interweave as structural warps or shutes of the finer mesh fabric layer.

Abstract: Treated fabric is described that exhibits good bond characteristics when embedded in a resin binder making it possible to obtain a laminated plaque having a finished uniform surface quality.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to surface treat a web of fabric by passing it over and in contact with a rotating tungsten carbide coated roll. The selvedges of the web of material are held on rotating members with pins on the periphery thereof which penetrate the fabric.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to surface treat a web of fabric by passing it over and in contact with a rotating tungsten carbide coated roll. The selvedges of the web material are held on rotating members with pins on the periphery thereof which penetrate the fabric.

Abstract: An emerizing apparatus is equipped with an emergy roller having multiple beater blades about its circumference, the outer periphery of each beater blade being formed with a pair of axially extending longitudinal beater edges and a concave arcuate recess therebetween, whereby each beater edge is adapted to individually strike a textile web traveling in tensioned engagement with the roller periphery to produce a shorter and more dense napped surface on the textile web than can be achieved by a corresponding conventional emery roller operating at the same rotational speed.

Abstract: A textile warp knitting machine is equipped with a driven sandpaper-covered sueding roll extending the full width of the fabric take-up section of the machine for peripheral engagement of the warp knitted fabric with the sueding roll to produce a raised suede-like nap on one fabric surface. The sueding roll is driven oppositely to the direction of fabric travel. The fabric is guided to contact the sueding roll periphery at two opposite locations thereon.

Abstract: A method for modifying fabrics to produce varied effects comprises projecting a stream of particles towards the fabric surface. The particles are projected under controlled conditions such that they contact the surface with a force effective to modify the fabric and change the feel, appearance or material constitution of the fabric. Among the effects obtained are softening, worn or laundered appearance, design, pattern, picture, printing, textured or sculptured effects. The apparatus comprises a supply of a length of fabric and means for moving the fabric along a horizontal path. Located on the path is a support backing such as a flat plate, and means for slidably pressing the fabric against the support backing. Opposite to the support backing and facing the fabric surface is a treatment station which includes means for propelling a stream of particles towards the fabric surface.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a method by which an edge curl that often develops in papermachine forming fabrics can be reduced or eliminated. The method requires the removal of mass from the sheet forming side of the forming fabric. This has the effect of reducing the ratio between the shrink forces acting on the two sides of the forming fabric in the cross-machine direction and, in turn, reduces the tendency for shrinkage to cause the edges of the fabric to curl. Papermachine operational problems associated with edge curl are thereby reduced.

Abstract: It is possible to produce denim fabric suitable for manufacture into garments that have the look and feel of washed and tumble dried garments, practiced in a relatively simple and quick manner. Denim fabric is treated to raise the warp yarns so that the warp yarns are adjacent the face of the fabric and positioned so that they can be rubbed and abraded to loosen the surface fibers; and then effecting abrading and rubbing of the tips of the warp crimp so as to duplicate the surface abrasion of washing and tumble drying without making a napped or brushed type finish or face. The abrading action may be practiced by sanding utilizing a fine sandpaper in the range of about 50-100 grit, employing a 9-roll T-Ralph sander with 2 to 6 rolls running at a speed of about 50 ydm.

Abstract: A method of "stone washing" jeans is disclosed. The process involves tumbling jeans without water and in the presence of resin-bonded abrasive members in a first elongated tumbler drum having a generally horizontal axis, discharging the jeans and abrasive members from the first tumbler drum, separating the abrasive members utilizing an oscillating conveyor, feeding the jeans to a second elongated tumbler drum having a perforated wall and a generally horizontal axis of rotation to remove any remaining abrasive members from the jeans and thereafter removing the treated jeans from the second tumbler drum while recycling the abrasive members to the first tumbler.

Abstract: A process is provided for mechanically surface-finishing a textile fabric which comprises continuously feeding said fabric from a source of supply, such that said fabric lies in a single plane, subjecting successive adjacent sections of the fabric to intermittent mechanical impact with an abrasive means across the width of said fabric thereby avoiding substantial sustained contact between the fabric and the abrasive means, the mechanical impact being at a force and frequency sufficient to cause a substantially uniform modification of the surface characteristics of the fabric. Textile fabrics with modified surface which may be made by the above process are also provided. Apparatus for mechanically surface-finishing a textile fabric according to the aforedescribed process is further provided.

Abstract: A fabric abrasion process comprises forwarding fabric along a path which brings a surface of the fabric in contact with a yieldable abrading element, for example, a roller, comprising abrasive particles supported by a yieldable body. Pressure is exerted on the fabric to urge it against the yieldable abrading element and cause a depression therein, thereby producing a pile on said surface of the fabric as the fabric passes over the abrading element. A machine for carrying out the process is also described.

Abstract: A process is provided for mechanically surface-finishing a textile fabric which comprises continuously feeding said fabric from a source of supply, such that said fabric lies in a single plane, subjecting successive adjacent sections of the fabric to intermittent mechanical impact with an abrasive means across the width of said fabric thereby avoiding substantial sustained contact between the fabric and the abrasive means, the mechanical impact being at a force and frequency sufficient to cause a substantially uniform modification of the surface characteristics of the fabric. Textile fabrics with modified surface which may be made by the above process are also provided. Apparatus for mechanically surface-finishing a textile fabric according to the aforedescribed process is further provided.

Abstract: A method for making a perfluoroolefin polymer filament belt is disclosed. The belt is substantially free of stretching under typical conditions of use including application of heat and force to the belt. This characteristic is produced by the process which includes the steps of weaving a belt and thermally fixing the woven belt by heating to the filaments to their white point while applying a force to the load bearing filaments.

Abstract: A process is provided for mechanically surface-finishing a textile fabric which comprises ccontinuously feeding said fabric from a source of supply, such that said fabric lies in a single plane, subjecting successive adjacent sections of the fabric to intermittent mechanical impact with an abrasive means across the width of said fabric thereby avoiding substantial sustained contact between the fabric and the abrasive means, the mechanical impact being at a force and frequency sufficient to cause a substantially uniform modification of the surface characteristics of the fabric. Textile fabrics with modified surface which may be made by the above process are also provided. Apparatus for mechanically surface-finishing a textile fabric according to the aforedescribed process is further provided.

Abstract: Apparatus for conditioning fabrics to alter the tonality and feel of the fabric includes a plurality of spaced guide rollers and rotating abrasion cylinders which are adjustable in elevation relative to the guide rollers. The abrasion cylinders also oscillate transverse to the direction of fabric travel in response to rotation of the cylinders. The tension of the moving fabric is readily controlled and the direction of travel of the fabric is reversible.

Abstract: Apparatus for abrading fabric traveling along a directed path of travel having a plurality of cylindrical members covered with a fabric abrading surface circumferentially supported and spaced from each other for contacting and abrading fabric and means for releasably securing the cylindrical members when the abrading surface is worn to expose unworn fabric abrading surfaces to the traveling fabric.