Abstract: An electrical discharge plasma reactor system for treating a liquid, the reactor system including: a reactor chamber configured to hold the liquid and a gas; a discharge electrode disposed within the reactor chamber, wherein the discharge electrode is disposed within the gas; an opposing electrode disposed within the gas within the reactor chamber; one or more gas diffusers disposed within the liquid, wherein the one or more gas diffusers is configured to induce the generation of a layer of foam on a surface of the liquid in a plasma-contact region; and a power supply connected to the discharge electrode and/or the opposing electrode, the power supply configured to induce the discharge electrode and the opposing electrode to generate plasma in the plasma-contact region.

Abstract: An electrical discharge plasma reactor system for treating a liquid, a gas, and/or a suspension. The reactor system includes a reactor chamber configured to hold the liquid and a gas, a discharge electrode disposed within the gas of the reactor chamber, a non-discharge electrode disposed within the liquid, a gas diffuser disposed within the liquid and configured to induce the generation of a layer of foam on the surface of the liquid in a plasma-contact region, and a power supply connected to the discharge electrode and configured to induce the discharge electrode to generate plasma in the plasma-contact region.

Abstract: An ultrasonic fluid pressure generator for generating high pressure head in a fluid. The ultrasonic fluid pressure generator comprises a transducer comprising a piezoelectric actuator and a displacement amplifier, the displacement amplifier having a fluid channel therethrough, the displacement amplifier being connected to the piezoelectric actuator at one end and having a free vibrating tip at another end; a reflecting condenser disposed at the vibrating tip of the displacement amplifier to form a gap between the vibrating tip and a reflecting surface of the reflecting condenser; and a casing configured for establishing a standing wave in the fluid contained within the casing, the transducer and the reflecting condenser being at least in part within the casing.

Abstract: A transducer type liquid sprayer in that mist can be dispersed widely even when the liquid sprayer is dispersed in a relatively low position. The liquid sprayer contains a storage tank for storing spray liquid that can be easily replaced together with a core for soaking up the spray liquid from the storage tank. The liquid sprayer includes a spray liquid storage unit and a main body for supporting the spray liquid storage unit and a power supply unit. A spray hole is formed in the lid member and a transducer is also disposed inside the lid member and electrically connected to the power supply unit. The transducer is in contact with a front side of a tip end portion of the core with the front face of the transducer oriented forward and upward.

Abstract: A control system for industrial water systems that utilizes multiple measurements of information and models to decide optimal control actions to maximize corrosion/scaling/fouling inhibition and particulate dispersancy performance and minimize cost of water and treatment chemicals. This system is capable of automatic operation for a wide range of process conditions, ensures multiple performance objectives, achieves robust operation under a variety or un-measurable disturbances and achieves the least costly solution delivery.

Abstract: An active material and light emitting device comprises an ultrasonic atomizer assembly and a light emission device. The active material and light emitting device further includes a housing containing the atomizer assembly and the light emission device such that the atomizer assembly is disposed above the light emission device. The light emission device emits light that is transmitted through a medial portion of the housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for the metered release of irritants by means of a propellant and/or solvent gas in anti-people defense rooms. The invention describes a method and a device for a metering controller for releasing irritants by means of a propellant and/or solvent gas in anti-people defense rooms while complying with health limits. After a first dose (TE), subsequent dosages (TN) are carried out in time intervals, so that both a hazardous limit of a concentration of the irritants in the room (1) is not exceeded and that also a sufficiently effective concentration is always met, and the concentration-lowering losses (SF, SV) arising from the agent, system and environment are compensated for. The concentration losses are detected metrologically and/or as parameter-dependent variables (SF, Sv) and made available as a program solution of the control device (7).

Abstract: Devices, such as solid supports having metal binding proteins, such as metallothionein proteins, bound thereto are disclosed for removing metals from substrates in need of having such metals removed therefrom. Specifically membranes having metallothionein proteins from the brine shrimp Artemia are disclosed for removing metals from liquid substrates. Associated methods for removing metals from substrates using metallothionein proteins are also disclosed.

Abstract: Metal binding proteins, associated compositions and methods for their production and use are disclosed. The metal binding proteins include have amino acid sequences analogous to at least one metal binding protein, and conservative amino acid substitutions thereof from a brine shrimp (Artemia). Also provided are the associated nucleic acid sequences encoding metal binding proteins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carburetor arrangement for an internal combustion engine (1) which drives a work apparatus. The engine (1) has an intake channel (3) leading through a carburetor (2). The intake channel (3) includes an intake opening (4) on the side of the carburetor (2) facing away from the engine (1). A baffle wall (5) is provided and covers the intake opening (4) at least partially. The baffle wall (5) is mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis (6) of the intake channel (3) at a spacing to the intake opening (4). The baffle wall (5) and the intake opening (4) define a baffle enclosure (7) disposed therebetween. At least a first component part (8) of the baffle wall (5) is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis (6) of the intake channel (3) in such a manner that fuel droplets (9), which exit from the intake channel (3) and which impinge on the first component part (8) of the baffle wall (5), form a fuel film (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a carburetor arrangement for an internal combustion engine (1) which drives a work apparatus. The engine (1) has an intake channel (3) leading through a carburetor (2). The intake channel (3) includes an intake opening (4) on the side of the carburetor (2) facing away from the engine (1). A baffle wall (5) is provided and covers the intake opening (4) at least partially. The baffle wall (5) is mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis (6) of the intake channel (3) at a spacing to the intake opening (4). The baffle wall (5) and the intake opening (4) define a baffle enclosure (7) disposed therebetween. At least a first component part (8) of the baffle wall (5) is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis (6) of the intake channel (3) in such a manner that fuel droplets (9), which exit from the intake channel (3) and which impinge on the first component part (8) of the baffle wall (5), form a fuel film (10).

Abstract: A fluid inlet nozzle distributor for a downflow fixed bed reactor which is a cylindrical housing having inlet and outlet openings and a swirl chamber disposed within said housing, whereby said swirl chamber imparts rotational motion to a fluid exiting said inlet nozzle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carburetor arrangement for an internal combustion engine (1) which drives a work apparatus. The engine (1) has an intake channel (3) leading through a carburetor (2). The intake channel (3) includes an intake opening (4) on the side of the carburetor (2) facing away from the engine (1). A baffle wall (5) is provided and covers the intake opening (4) at least partially. The baffle wall (5) is mounted transversely to the longitudinal axis (6) of the intake channel (3) at a spacing to the intake opening (4). The baffle wall (5) and the intake opening (4) define a baffle enclosure (7) disposed therebetween. At least a first component part (8) of the baffle wall (5) is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis (6) of the intake channel (3) in such a manner that fuel droplets (9), which exit from the intake channel (3) and which impinge on the first component part (8) of the baffle wall (5), form a fuel film (10).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for producing gas bubbles of a uniform ize in a liquid. First, the liquid medium flows over a wall or other liquid containment surface. Gas is then emitted into the liquid medium to form gas bubbles from an aperture in the wall at a bubble formation position. A standing wave is then established in the liquid medium at the aperture. It is found that the bubbles formed at the aperture are of a substantially uniform size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carburetion device for automobile engines, which comprises a magnetite-containing carburetor 1. One side of the magnetite-containing carburetor 1 is connected to an engine and the other side is connected to a fuel hose 2, and a layer of magnetite is coated on the fuel hose 2 near the magnetite-containing carburetor 1. With this novel practical design, the fuel is magnetized, thereby allowing the fuel to be combusted at an efficiency of at least 98%, thus improving the air quality, prolonging the working life of automobile engines, and lowering the failure frequency of automobile parts.

Abstract: The liquid treating method according to the present invention introduces a bubble into liquid phase and applies vibration waves, such as ultrasonic waves, from each sides of the bubble. Collision of the vibration waves with the bubble imparts the compression pressure to the bubble. This effect is used to dissolve a gas forming the bubble into the liquid phase or to improve liquid quality of this liquid phase.

Abstract: A humidifier for humidifying air comprises a storing member for storing water, an atomizing device for atomizing the water supplied from the water storing member, a blower for blowing air into the atomizing device, a blowoff member for dispersing atomized water particles into air, a connecting member for connecting the blowoff member with the atomizing device, and an inhibiting member for inhibiting capillary action of the water in the connection member.

Abstract: A device for producing a gas-and-liquid mixture, such as for intake by humans, includes a holder for the liquid and a feeding arrangement for the gas. The feeding arrangement includes an element adapted to cooperate with a user's upper lip to comprise a feed valve, which in part blocks the free discharge opening of the holder and can serve at the same time as a supporting surface for the upper lip, and a supporting surface for the lower lip at the same time constituting the feeding arrangement for the gas.

Abstract: A humidifier for humidifying air comprises a storing member for storing water, an atomizing device for atomizing the water supplied from the water storing member, a blower for blowing air into the atomizing device, a blowoff member for dispersing atomized water particles into air, a connecting member for connecting the blowoff member with the atomizing device, and an inhibiting member for inhibiting a capillary action of the water in the connection member.

Abstract: An apparatus such as a humidifier comprises a water storage tank having an externally exposed surface made of a transparent material and its bottom surface is made partially or totally of a transparent plate. A light source is disposed underneath this transparent plate and there is placed inside the tank a structure having surfaces for reflecting or refracting light from this source to the aforementioned externally exposed surface so that the water level inside the tank is easily visible.

Abstract: A novel device and method for use in treating a combustible fluid mixture prior to its entering the combustion zone of an engine, furnace or the like, involve imposing electric and magnetic fields through the flow path of the fluid, perpendicular to the direction of flow as well as to each other. The ionizing effect of the electric field when combined with the magnetic field produces an effect akin to the Hall effect, with a substantial increase in the combustibility of the fuel mixture. The invention is particularly useful in improving the fuel economy of a petroleum-based fuel engine.

Abstract: Described is the use of homopolymers of (epsilon caprolactone) defined according to the structure: ##STR1## and, optionally, ##STR2## as controlled release materials for physiological or psychological diagnostic compositions, pheremones, insect repellent compositions, animal repellent compositions, and/or aroma augmenting or enhancing media for use in perfume compositions or perfumed articles or colognes; wherein n represents an integer of from about 500 up to about 1,200 with the proviso that the average "n" varies from about 600 up to about 800. Also described are mixtures of such homopolymers with other polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, mixtures of polyethylene and polyvinyl acetate, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate, and the like, useful for controlled release of such physiological or psychological diagnostic compositions, pheremones, insect repellents, animal repellents and perfume materials into a gaseous environment surrounding the polymer matrix.

Abstract: An air intake assembly for a golf cart engine provides an air inlet port in a passenger compartment shielded from road dust for introducing clean air for combustion into the carburetor located in the rear mount engine compartment, as connected by flexible air flow tubing. A special choke mechanism located in the passenger compartment eliminates the need for a butterfly valve in the carburetor and the need for a choke cable extending between the two compartments. Thus, choking is achieved by manually operating a biased open valve in the form of a cover cap on the air inlet port to restrict air inlet flow at a convenient location in the passenger compartment, rather than by a complex and critical butterfly assembly in the carburetor connected by a cable to a driver accessible location. The air inlet mount includes an intake air tuned silencer to remove audio frequency intake noises.

Abstract: A device comprises an annular permanent magnet (1) embracing an engine fuel mixture duct (6). The poles of the magnet (1) are oriented in such a way that the direction of the magnetic field established thereby is parallel to the direction of the fuel mixture flow in the duct (6). The magnet (1) is fitted in a nonmagnetic flat body (2) made from a zinc alloy. If viewed in the direction of the fuel mixture flow, the south pole of the magnet (1) is closer to the engine than the north pole thereof. The inner diameter of the annular magnet (1) is equal to the inner diameter of the fuel mixture duct (6). The magnetic intensity in the center of the annular magnet (1) is within 50-250 oersteds.

Abstract: A liquid nebulizer comprising a nebulizing container for a liquid, an outlet duct, and a transducer at the bottom of the container. A partition surrounding the liquid projection produced by the transducer is included, having its upper edge above the liquid surface, so that large spray particles or drops from the outlet duct fall outside the partition.

Abstract: A liquid such as a hydrocarbon fuel is sprayed electrostatically into a gas tream. Spraying is achieved by supplying the liquid to a porous member having a plurality of termini within an electrostatic field. The electrostatic field strength is enhanced at the termini so that liquid which soaks through the porous member to the termini breaks up under the influence of the locally high electrostatic field into a stream of droplets which are repelled by their charge away from the termini. The droplets become finely dispersed in a passing gas stream.The invention finds particular application as an electrostatic carburettor for dispersing petrol into an air stream for combustion in an internal combustion engine. The invention can also be utilized for re-dispersing fuel droplets deposited on the wall of an air/fuel intake.

Abstract: For electronically detecting the displacements of a movable member, such as the throttle of an internal combustion engine an encoding card adapted to the Gray's encoding method is matched with said movable member and an array of phototransistors and photodiodes reads the opaque and the transparent windows formed through the movable member as they pass before the photodiodes so that voltage signals are generated which represent the digit 1 when a transparent window is read out and the digit 0 when an opaque window is read out, the arrangement and the sizes of the windows are in accordance with the Gray's rules of encoding.

Abstract: A method of generating a vapor stream is disclosed which comprises the steps of providing a jet of electrostatically chargeable liquid particles and electrostatically controlling the jet so as to meter some of the liquid particles into a vaporizer for a period of time sufficient to become vaporized.

Abstract: Liquid atomizer having a vibration generator for generating vibrations, an atomizer element receiving the vibrations, and a container with liquid to be atomized. Liquid is transported solely and directly from the container to the atomizer element by a wick of elastically resilient material in contact with liquid in the container and at a point remote from the liquid in the container, mechanically coupled to the atomizer element by disposing the wick against the atomizer element. A tube may surround the wick until almost to the coupling point.

Abstract: The packing of a tower or column for heat exchange, material exchange, contacting of two fluids with one another and chemical reaction consisting of a stack of elongated members having two walls inclined to one another and joined at a third wall, the first two walls being each formed with elongated vibratile elements interdigitated with vibratile elements of another packing member so that when the body of packing is traversed by one or more fluids, the vibratile elements are set into vibration.

Abstract: A nebulizer for use in connection with a lung ventilating system characterized in providing a dual stage atomization of medicament carrying liquid. A first stage develops an aerosol exhibiting an initial, relatively larger average liquid particle size which is introduced to a chamber at a given stagnation pressure. From that chamber, a second atomization is carried out by passing the gas entrained liquid particles through a knife edge orifice to produce a rapid expansion free-jet flow and consequent particle breakdown to achieve a desired particle size distribution.

Abstract: A humidifier including a misting mechanism for misting water by a ultrasonic vibrator etc. and a water feeder formed by a water storage tank and a water passage and an ion exchange resin layer disposed in the water passage to the misting mechanism.

Abstract: Disclosed is novel apparatus and method for introducing various gasses into liquids. This as is commonly done in aerating or oxygenating liquids where growing aquatic life such as fish; instances concerning lagoon and pond treatment, absorption of oxygen in sewage or sewage-activated sludge mixture, introduction of chlorine or carbon dioxide gas into water for chemical treatment thereof. The method includes water treatment comprising the improved diffuser, aerator or sparger apparatus with the result of substantial enlargement in the known beneficial effects of such treatments; also, substantial and unexpected attendant benefit attributable to function of the diffuser apparatus. Principally the apparatus and method reduces the viscosity of water reducing the hydrogen bonding thereof at the time when presented for gas absorbtion. This when utilizing gas for aqueous liquid treatment or treatment of water with suspended pollutants.

Abstract: Disclosed is novel apparatus and method for introducing various gasses into liquids. This as is commonly done in aerating or oxygenating liquids where growing aquatic life such as fish; instances concerning lagoon and pond treatment, absorption of oxygen in sewage or sewage -activated sludge mixture, introduction of chlorine or carbon dioxide gas into water for chemical treatment thereof. The method includes water treatment comprising the improved diffuser, aerator or sparger apparatus with the result of substantial enlargement in the known beneficial effects of such treatments; also, substantial and unexpected attendant benefit attributable to function of the diffuser apparatus. Principally the apparatus and method reduces the viscosity of water reducing the hydrogen bonding thereof at the time when presented for gas absorbtion. This when utilizing gas for aqueous liquid treatment or treatment of water with suspended pollutants.

Abstract: The packing of a tower or column for heat exchange, material exchange, contacting of two fluids with one another and chemical reaction consisting of a stack of elongated members having two walls inclined to one another and joined at a third wall, the first two walls are each formed with elongated vibratile elements interdigitated with vibratile elements of another packing member so that when the body of packing is traversed by one or more fluids, the vibratile elements are set into vibration.

Abstract: A carburetor kit for placing over the top of a vehicle's carburetor when the vehicle's air filter assembly has been removed. The kit is used to prevent liquid from entering into the carburetor when the vehicle's engine is cleaned using a high pressure spray.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an aerator device and method for generating fine bubbles from a liquid and gas mixture. In particular this invention is directed to aeration of liquid to generate fine bubbles for industrial as well as for domestic use.

Abstract: An improved ultrasonic nebulizer for administering a medicament aerosol to a patient. Output from an oscillator is connected through a series inductor to a transducer adjacent a reservoir which generates aerosol from the medicament. The inductor is tuned for series resonance with the bulk capacitance of the transducer. An impedance change in the transducer when liquid is removed or consumed from the reservoir reduces the power delivered to the transducer and prevents transducer damage.

Abstract: An ultrasonic air humidifying apparatus wherein, in order that a fine mist made by mistifying water with an ultrasonic energy may be effectively delivered through a mist conduit pipe, the mist conduit pipe positioned above the water surface of water to be mistified is covered at the lower end with a member having a plurality of openings so that an apex portion of a conical projection of water formed by swelling the water surface with the ultrasonic energy will project into the mist conduit pipe through one of said openings and an air current fed on the water surface by a blower will be led into the mist conduit pipe through said openings.

Abstract: The contact area between a first phase of a multi-phase system and a liquid second phase of the system is increased by effecting transient electrical discharges between electrodes immersed in the liquid second phase or in a volume of liquid in acoustic communication with the liquid second phase. The first phase can be in the form of a particulate solid, a gas, or a liquid of lower density than that of the second phase. The first phase is mingled with the second phase by a bubbling technique where the first phase has a lower density than the second phase. The hydraulic shock waves produced by the electrical discharges disperse the bubbles or particles of the first phase in the liquid second phase and thus increase the contact area between the phases.

Abstract: An ultrasonic air humidifying apparatus comprising separably connected upper and lower cabinets; a power transformer, high frequency generator and motor-blower contained in the upper cabinet; a water vessel formed in the lower cabinet; a chassis board interposed between the upper cabinet and lower cabinet so as to define an airtight space above the surface of water in the water vessel; a mist conduit pipe fixed to the chassis board, inserted at the lower end into the water in the water vessel and projected at the upper end out of the top part of the upper cabinet; an ultrasonic vibrator assembly fitted to the lower end of the mist conduit pipe; and a water supply tank removably fitted in the upper cabinet so as to supply water into the water vessel, in order to obtain an ultrasonic air humidifying apparatus easy to clean and inspect and high in the performance.

Abstract: Fuel activation apparatus for use in the pretreatment of fuel that is to be mixed with air for burning in combustion engines and the like. Fuel within a dielectric carrier is subjected through use of a field coil or other means to pulsed energy from an oscillator or other source at a frequency in a range corresponding to resonant frequencies for the molecular components of the fuel, the constituent elements of the fuel or protons of such elements. For fuels having a hydrogen constituent, operation in a frequency range of 16 to 42 Mega Hertz is suggested. For fuels having other inclusions, the operating frequency range may be expanded to include the nuclear resonance frequency for such components.

Abstract: A precombustion conditioning device for gasoline fired internal combustion engines comprising at least one cupped or dished foraminous member disposed across the fuel-air intake passageway of the engine between the carburetor and fuel-air inlet of the engine, and mounted in a carrier formed from an electrically insulating material that also carries an electrogenetic direct current power surce, with the foraminous member being electrically connected to the positive terminal of the direct current power source and the negative terminal of the power source being connected to the engine and hence the inside wall of the intake manifold.

Abstract: An ultrasonic fuel atomizer which is inserted between a standard carburetor and intake manifold of an internal combustion engine to cause a more uniform mixture of fuel and air to be attained, thereby promoting fuel economy and increasing the efficiency of combustion.The apparatus driver a vibrating plate assembly which is excited by a driven such as a piezo electrical crystal. Within the housing of the apparatus there is formed a cavity through which fuel and air must travel along a prescribed path which causes large droplets of fuel to impinge upon the vibrating plate, thereby drastically reducing the droplet size of the fuel.