Abstract: A diffuser for aerating a fluid, and particularly for aeration in waste water treatment tanks, is formed in an elongate configuration by manufacturing a base plate from an extrusion cut to the desired length. A perforated elastomeric membrane is secured to the base plate by pressing sealing strips along the elongate edges of the membrane into corresponding grooves formed in the base plate extrusion. The ends of the membrane are sealed to the base plate by end strips or clamps. Air is introduced through apertures in the base plate causing the membrane to inflate away from the base plate forming an interior compartment for the passage of air along the diffuser. Apparatus for securing the diffuser to a horizontal header pipe is also described.

Abstract: In a method of and apparatus for producing sub-micron bubbles in liquids, slurries, and sludges, gas is maintained on the interior of the gas permeable partition at predetermined pressure. Relative movement between the gas permeable partition and the surrounding material forms sub-micron sized bubbles in the liquid, slurry, or sludge.

Abstract: In a method of and apparatus for producing sub-micron bubbles in liquids and slurries, gas is maintained on the interior of the gas permeable partition at predetermined pressure. Relative movement between the gas permeable partition and a liquid forms sub-micron sized bubbles in the liquid.

Abstract: A bubble generating device includes a shaft connected to a float and a plurality of frames connected to the bolt at their first ends. A porous device is connected to the respective mediate portions of the frames. A bolt extends through respective second ends of the frames and a weight is connected to the bolt. A pipe is connected to a fitting extending from the porous device so as to provide air into the porous device to generate bubbles. The bubble generating device can be maintained in water by adjusting the float and the weight.

Abstract: A bubble generating device includes a central tube having a hollow interior and a float is connected to the central tube. The central tube extends through a disk and a porous film is fixedly mounted to a peripheral wall of the disk. A U-shaped tube is connected to the disk and communicates with the hollow interior of the central tube. Two ends of the U-shaped tube respectively communicate with a space between the disk and the porous film. Air enters from the central tube and flow out from two ends of the U-shaped tube to generate bubbles via the porous film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for conducting a mass transfer between a gas and a liquid, or for conducting a chemical reaction between a gas and a liquid. The method comprises supplying a liquid into a dynamic mixer, supplying a stripping gas or a reaction gas into the dynamic mixer, and flowing the liquid and the stripping gas or the reaction gas through the dynamic mixer in a turbulent co-current flow. The dynamic mixer includes a columnar casing, a rotor within the casing, which rotor has blades along substantially an entire length thereof, and stator blades positioned between the rotor blades within the casing along substantially an entire length of the casing.

Abstract: A bubble generating device includes a central tube having a hollow interior and a float is connected to the central tube. The central tube extends through a disk and a porous film is fixedly mounted to a peripheral wall of the disk A U-shaped tube is connected to the disk and communicates with the hollow interior of the central tube. Two ends of the U-shaped tube respectively communicate with a space between the disk and the porous film. Air enters from the central tube and flows out from two ends of the U-shaped tube to generate bubbles via the porous film.

Abstract: A bubble generating device includes a shaft connected to a float and a plurality of frames connected to the bolt at their first ends. A porous device is connected to the respective mediate portions of the frames. A bolt extends through respective second ends of the frames and a weight is connected to the bolt. A pipe is connected to a fitting extending from the porous device so as to provide air into the porous device to generate bubbles. The bubble generating device can be maintained in water by adjusting the float and the weight.

Abstract: A monolithic, fired ceramic gas diffuser for injecting gas into a molten metal bath, including a first portion, a second portion integrated with the first portion, and a bore passing through the first portion and communicating with the second portion for supplying gas to the second portion, wherein at least the second portion has a network of interconnected pores that provides preferential gas flow from the bore through the second portion to inject gas into the molten metal bath.

Abstract: A gasification device is described for the introduction of a gas into a liquid, in particular of air into waste water.

Abstract: A ceramic diffuser assembly containing a diffuser fitting integrally connected to a diffuser body, Wwhen the ceramic diffuser assembly is supplied with oxygen-containing gas at a pressure of from about 0.2 to about 80 pounds per square inch, the gas flows through it at a rate of from about 0.5 to about 50 standard cubic feet per minute, the plot of gas pressure versus flow rate is a straight line, and the slope of said straight line is from about 0.1 to about 4. The diffuser body contains a first ceramic layer, a second ceramic layer, and a recessed area disposed between the first and second layers.

Abstract: A diffuser includes a substantially rigid base member having a first side and a second side, and an inlet conduit defining a central bore depending from the second side of the base member. A resilient dome member having a plurality of perforations is sealed to a peripheral edge of the first side of the base member. A coupling member, preferably in the form of a check valve, provides cooperation with a fluid source. As the diffuser is pressurized the dome member expands away from the base member and fluid is diffused by the perforations.

Abstract: An apparatus for securing an aerating device, for aerating water with fine bubbles, to an air supply conduit is provided. The aerating device is detachably connected to a mounting that is secured to an air supply conduit. The mounting is provided with an undercut groove into which engages the projection of the aerating device in the manner of a dovetail connection in order to provide the connection by means of a horizontal insertion movement of the aerating device.

Abstract: A gas/liquid mixing device is provided in which bubbles having such a small diameter as to be invisible to the eye are produced and dissolved in water in a short time, whereby the solubility of gas can be improved. The gas/liquid mixing device has a mixing cylinder, a drive unit, and a gas supply device. In the mixing cylinder, a rotary vane having guide vanes is rotated to compress water in the mixing cylinder and gas supplied into the mixing cylinder so that the water flow containing the bubbles is dispersed outwardly through bubble dispersing holes formed in the wall of the mixing cylinder.

Abstract: A plate-like water aerator is provided. A plate, made of elastomeric material, is disposed on a rigid, essentially planar mounting support and covers the one or more air supply connections thereof. The plate is provided with fine slits for the discharge of air. The mounting support has a circumferential rim that is angled-off at substantially right angles. The mounting support also has a circumferential rib that extends parallel to the rim in such a way as to form a circumferential groove between the rib and the rim. The plate has an essentially u-shaped rim portion, a radially inwardly disposed leg of which surrounds the rim of the mounting support and engages in the circumferential groove in a manner free of play.

Abstract: A container for a sparkling beverage which comprises, on its inside bottom portion or surface, the bubble generating means having a bubble generating portion for generating bubbles in such a manner that an aggregation of bubbles forms substantially the same shape as the mark on the surface of a beverage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating raw influent water to remove particles, algae and toxic chemicals from the water. Basically, air is dissolved in recirculated water under high pressure in an air contactor unit, the air saturated water is intimately mixed with the raw, particle bearing, water in a particle mixing system, and the water, particle and air mixture is passed through an air bubble separator wherein bubbles formed when the pressure on air saturated water is reduced carry away toxic gases and particulate material. If desired for further cleaning the water can be sent through a second series of air contactor, particle mixer and air bubble separation, but with a gas comprising ozone to further remove suspended particles and non-volatile dissolved organic matter. In order to improve mixing of the particles and the air saturated water passing through tubes, preferably a pattern of dimples is formed on at least part of the interior wall of the tubes.

Abstract: An ozone diffuser includes an outer tube having a tubular porous membrane disposed coaxially therein. An annular space is defined between the inner surface of the tubular member and the outer surface of the membrane into which ozone gas is applied. Water is caused to flow through the interior of the membrane in such a manner as to form a vortex which creates a negative pressure at the inner surface of the membrane. The pressure difference between the annular space and the interior of the membrane causes ozone gas to be sucked through the membrane and become diffused into the water. The pressure difference results in a high concentration of ozone in the water. The vortex also produces a shearing effect which breaks up the ozone bubbles and increases the diffusion efficiency.

Abstract: A monolithic, fired ceramic gas diffuser for injecting gas into a molten metal bath, including a first portion, a second portion integrated with the first portion, and a bore passing through the first portion and communicating with the second portion for supplying gas to the second portion, wherein at least the second portion has a network of interconnected pores that provides preferential gas flow from the bore through the second portion to inject gas into the molten metal bath.

Abstract: A system and method for delivering a gas-supersaturated fluid comprising a fluid reservoir, a fluid pump, a gas source, a high pressure gas exchanger, and one or more arrays of capillary channels is disclosed. Suitable controls such as differential pressure gauge and valves are provided to maintain a near constant hydrostatic pressure of the fluid within the semi-permeable membrane gas-fluid interface of the gas exchanger at approximately 1% to 20% higher than the gas partial pressure of the fluid within the gas exchanger. Gas-supersaturated fluid output from the gas exchanger via the capillary channels is at a flow velocity of greater than 0.05 m/sec, thereby facilitating delivery of large flow rates of gas-supersaturated fluids without cavitation inception.

Abstract: An elongated apparatus is provided for aerating water, and includes a tubular support body and a sleeve of elastomeric material that surrounds the support body and is provided with slits that open to allow fine bubbles to pass into the water. To achieve a uniform supply of the sleeve with little loss for long apparatus, the inner side of the sleeve is provided with one or more groove-like channels that extend lengthwise relative to the sleeve.

Abstract: An embodiment of the instant invention is an apparatus for diffusing a first substance into a second substance. The apparatus includes a first region where the first substance and the second substance flow in substantially the same direction; and a second region where the first substance and the second substance flow in substantially opposite directions. Preferably, the apparatus is arranged as an outer structure which encompasses the first region and the second region, and which is formed of PP, PTFE, PFA, ECTFE, PVDF, PE, PMMA, ABS, PC, PSO, PES, PEI, PBT, PPS, PEEK, PETG, Keelf, quartz, or any combination thereof. The first substance is, preferably, a substance selected from the group consisting of: ozone, ammonia, HCl, or any combination thereof, and the second substance is a substance selected from the group consisting of: DIW, ammonia, HCl, HF, peroxide, sulfuric acid, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A diffuser for mixing and oxygenating water or other liquid with an airstrip employs a self supporting microporous tubular membrane, arranged in a spiral or grid configuration, with openings between proximate elements which, are at least equal to the diameter of the membrane. Gas, when forced through the tubular membrane, forms fine bubbles which agitate, oxygenate and entrain the surrounding liquid as it slowly passes through the openings. The tubular membrane is flexible and is to be mounted on a manifold which connects it to a source of air or gas, and which may also impart buoyancy or serve as anchor in the liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus for aerating water with fine bubbles using elastomeric members having fine openings is provided. The apparatus is provided with one or more lifting bodies in such a way that the apparatus, which is generally disposed at the base of a reservoir or tank, can be raised, by introducing air into the lifting bodies, to such an extent that the apparatus is accessible above the surface of the water.

Abstract: A diffused aeration system has an aeration tank which contains a plurality or peripheral coarse bubble jet diffusers and a plurality of fine bubble jet diffusers strategically located therebetween to provide maximum oxygen transfer efficiency and mixing with little or no increase in operating power costs.

Abstract: An improved method for aeration of septic tanks and the like by drawing atmospheric air into an expansion chamber and from there into agitated sludge to provide low pressure small microbubbles which have long hold times in the sludge material.

Abstract: The dual diffuser assembly of the present invention includes a first and second diffuser body in fluid communication with an air distribution pipe. The diffuser assembly further includes a saddle that connects the first diffuser body and the second diffuser body to the air distribution pipe. The air received from the distribution pipe passes into the first and second diffuser bodies and exits the first diffuser body through a first diffuser and exits the second diffuser body through a second diffuser. The first and second diffusers form the air into fine bubbles that serve to facilitate aeration of the medium.

Abstract: In a method of and apparatus for producing sub-micron bubbles in liquids, slurries, and sludges, gas is maintained on the interior of the gas permeable partition at predetermined pressure. Relative movement between the gas permeable partition and the surrounding material forms sub-micron sized bubbles in the liquid, slurry, or sludge.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for mixing discrete, microscopic portions of a gas (oxygen) in a liquid (water), wherein the liquid is brought into contact with a liquid repellent side of a microporous membrane, and the gas is contacted with the other side. The membrane, which may be a bundle of hollow fibers, has effective pore pathway diameters generally in the range 0.01 to 5 &mgr;m, and the liquid pressure is regulated not to exceed that of the gas or to cause liquid to pass through the membrane. Gas/liquid mixed in this manner is conveyed and delivered in a low-liquid-turbulence incurring manner to avoid the discrete, microscopic gas portions from combining and provide them with a long retention time in the liquid.

Abstract: A bubble humidifier for humidifying gas bubbled through water contained in a container member prior to this gas being sent to a patient is provided. The bubble humidifier includes a container member having a lid, a gas inlet member connected to a gas source, a member for transporting the gas from the gas inlet member into the liquid, and a gas outlet member which feeds the humidified gas to the patient. A valve inlet member is associated with the humidifier unit and allows for the addition of liquid, which humidifies the gas, into the humidifier unit without disassembling the humidifier unit.

Abstract: In a method of and apparatus for producing sub-micron bubbles in liquids, slurries, and sludges, gas is maintained on the interior of the gas permeable partition at predetermined pressure. Relative movement between the gas permeable partition and the surrounding material forms sub-micron sized bubbles in the liquid, slurry, or sludge.