Abstract: A system for supplying vaporized precursor includes an enclosure including an output. A plurality of trays is arranged in a stacked, spaced configuration inside the enclosure. The plurality of trays is configured to hold liquid precursor. A first conduit fluidly connects a carrier gas supply to the enclosure and includes a plurality of openings. A first valve is arranged along the first conduit and is configured to selectively control delivery of the carrier gas from the carrier gas supply through the first conduit to the plurality of openings in the first conduit. The plurality of openings is configured to direct the carrier gas across the liquid precursor in the plurality of trays, respectively. The output of the enclosure provides a mixture of the carrier gas and the vaporized precursor.

Abstract: A vessel design for the aeration of coffee, tea, spirits, wine, or mixing liquids/powders has a uniquely engineered system of lateral, horizontal and vertical peaked petal shaped ridges on the inside at specific angles, shapes, and heights. When liquid is swirled over the ridge pattern, friction is created both internally and externally in the resulting vortex, adding oxygen and releasing volatile organic chemicals, creating an optimally mixed, better tasting consumer experience. Vessel design allows a user to swirl as much or as little as desired to affect the mixing process. The present invention has substantial and beneficial effects on the taste of coffee, tea, wine, spirits, and a variety of liquid/powder beverages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas cleaning system for cleaning a gas stream containing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, said gas cleaning system comprising: a pre-conditioning section (3); a CO2 removal stage (5); and a post-conditioning section (4); said pre-conditioning section comprising at least two gas-liquid contacting devices (19,20) arranged upstream of the CO2 removal stage (5) with respect to the flow direction of the gas; and said post-conditioning section comprising at least two gas-liquid contacting devices (30,31) arranged downstream of the CO2 removal stage with respect to the flow direction of the gas.

Abstract: A liquid displacement system includes a storage tank, a volume of a first gas, and a volume of a second gas. The storage tank has at least one water ballast compartment to store water and at least one liquid storage compartment to store liquid and is configured symmetrically. A pump module may also be coupled to the storage tank. The pump module has at least one pair of loading pumps operating substantially at equal mass flow rate to displace the water with the liquid, and at least one pair of offloading pumps operating substantially at equal mass flow rate to displace the liquid with the water. Also, a gas valve module may be coupled to the storage tank to control pressure of the first gas and the second gas in the storage tank. The first gas is natural gas or inert gas. The second gas is natural gas.

Abstract: A split type potable water extractor from ambient air and water dispenser is invented, comprising separate water generating block located outside a water use area and water dispensing block located inside a water use area. The water generator block cycles refrigerant through a condenser and an evaporator to create condensation by heat exchange with ambient air circulated by an intake airflow system. The condensate water is collected and purified in a cascade of bactericidal loop to remove impurities. The purified water is pumped to a dispensing apparatus which can be installed in the home or other area of water use separate from the water generating block. If any one of the functional parts or units of water generator is disabled the water generator immediately stops operating to deliver water to the tank of the dispensing apparatus.

Abstract: A waste gases-neutralizing device comprises a filter installation with at least one filter unit with an inlet and an outlet between which a filter is received to remove undesired components from the waste gases. The installation has a modular construction and comprises a number of filter units which are placed in series in a flow path of the waste gases and/or a reactor vessel provided with a nozzle with mixing chamber in which waste gases are at least partially removed with a mixture of at least one neutralizing compound and oxygen under pressure. The filter units each comprise a filter adapted to a specific component or group of components to be removed from the waste gases. The waste gases-neutralizing device preferably also comprises, in addition to the filter installation, a neutralizing unit 21 comprising a neutralizing liquid bath or a fixed connection impregnated with a neutralizing liquid.

Abstract: An air filtration system for filtering smoke from the air. The system includes a filter tank for holding a volume of water. A bulkhead wall therein divides the filter tank into first and second compartments and has a hole therethrough to permit passage of water between the first and second compartments of the filter tank. A mesh screen substantially covers the hole of the bulkhead. An air intake conduit is fluidly connected to the first compartment of the filter tank for drawing unfiltered air and debris into the filter tank from a location such as a room. A water supply conduit is fluidly connected to the filter tank for supplying water to the filter tank. A vacuum device is provided for drawing air out of the filter tank. The vacuum device has an intake fluidly connected to the second compartment of the filter tank for drawing air from the filter tank into the vacuum device. The vacuum device has a first return conduit for receiving air drawn into the vacuum device through the intake of the vacuum device.

Abstract: Passive humidifier for a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device having a plurality of chambers defined by arced baffles. Each opening between the arced baffles is provided with a deflector baffle to prevent direct passage of air.

Abstract: In a water treating apparatus the water is passed over a plurality of stages to a lower plane, each stage having a water trough, a section for the free fall of the water, and a catch. This makes possible the intensive mixing of the water with components of the air, especially oxygen and amino acids, as well as the action of natural light radiation onto the water.

Abstract: An absorber for absorbing a vapor into a sorbent liquid comprised of a sequential plurality of highly effective and intensified locally cocurrent sorptions, but with non-cocurrent flow of vapor and liquid between the individual sorptions. The structure containing the locally cocurrent upflow is preferably comprised of enhanced heat transfer surface, making the sorption diabatic, further enhancing the intensification, and improving the sorption efficiency. Referring to FIG. 1, vertical cylinders (1) and (2) form an annulus which is divided into multiple compartments by partitions. Vapor is injected into the bottom portion of each compartment by injection ports (10), resulting in cocurrent upflow absorption. The compartments are pressure equalized with a common vapor space via equalization ports (6). This approach to absorption can be accomplished in a vertical cylindrical annulus as described above, in a horizontal cylindrical annulus, in plate fin exchangers, and others.

Abstract: An in vitro chamber for sustaining organ tissue samples during optical study with, for example a microscope, has a tray assembly with a plurality of wells, each of which may be provided with a clampable sleeve or a vertically adjustable thimble such that an associated organ tissue sample contacts a nutrient medium contained in a reservoir. The tray assembly rests upon a heater assembly having a water-jet-driven magnetic stirrer magnetically coupled with a driven magnetic stirrer in the nutrient reservoir to maintain a substantially uniform temperature in both the heater assembly and the nutrient reservoir. A thermally insulating collar surrounding the tray assembly and the heater assembly maintains relative positions thereof. A transparent cover encloses the top of the tray assembly so that air borne exchanges with the wells and nutrient splashes are substantially contained.

Abstract: Apparatus for and method of absorbing a gas into a liquid in a multiple stage absorption process wherein the gaseous products from each stage is reintroduced into fresh liquid in subsequent stages.

Abstract: A vapor delivery system for the manufacture of an optical preform includes a deposition bubbler (60) and another bubbler (40) referred to as a supply bubbler which is interposed between a reservoir (24) of a liquid and the deposition bubbler. Heat energy is applied to the supply bubbler and to the deposition bubbler to vaporize liquid therein. A carrier gas is introduced into the liquid in the supply bubbler at a location below the free surface and into the deposition bubbler to cause vapor of the liquid to become entrained in the carrier gas and to flow from the supply bubbler into the deposition bubbler and from the deposition bubbler to a substrate tube from which an optical preform is made. Facilities are provided for maintaining sufficient liquid in the supply bubbler and suitable temperatures of the liquid in the supply and deposition bubblers to control the vapor flow into and out of the deposition bubbler to prevent unintended perturbations in the deposition bubbler.

Abstract: In a system for recovering liquefiable components from well head gases and like gaseous mixtures, a vapor liquid contact apparatus which comprises a combination of a tower shell and liquid spray unit with an absorption unit inside of and supported by the shell so as to permit relative movement of the shell and component parts of the absorption unit.The absorption unit is formed of a multiplicity of superposed plates connected by vertical gas and liquid conduits, a peripheral annular aperture surrounding each plate. In the absorption unit the chambers formed between plates are connected by the vertical liquid conduits for flow of liquid down through the chambers and by the vertical gas conduits for flow of gas up through the chambers, chamber to chamber, the gas conduits being located at the periphery of the plates and adjacent the tower shell.

Abstract: The humidity of a gas is adjusted by passing the gas through a plurality of compartments containing the saturated aqueous solution of a salt thereby imparting a prescribed value of humidity to the gas.

Abstract: The humidity of a gas is adjusted by passing the gas through a plurality of compartments or chambers within a closed container containing the saturated aqueous solution of a salt thereby imparting a prescribed value of humidity to the gas. A plurality of partition walls are disposed at fixed intervals within the closed container defining a plurality of chambers having upper and lower interior portions and having openings formed therein alternately open into the upper and lower portions of the chambers.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides from the gaseous combustion products of sulfur-containing fossil fuel, such as high sulfur coal, comprising passing the combustion products into a reaction chamber, introducing atomic oxygen and air into the chamber, subjecting the resulting gaseous mixture to a plurality of confined, upwardly spiralling vortical movements in series, maintaining a reservoir of sulfuric acid in the reaction chamber, each vortical movement being of sufficient velocity as to atomize and elevate the sulfuric acid in the reservoir and to intermix it with the combustion products, impinging the vortical mixture against rapidly rotating surfaces whereby to discharge the mixture outwardly against the chamber walls to fall by gravity into the reservoir, and repeating the plurality of vortical movements in series in at least one additional reaction chamber, thereby producing sulfuric acid and/or nitrosyl sulfuric acid as a saleable by-product and reducing the sulfur oxides cont

Abstract: A device is disclosed which, when used in conjunction with a conventional carburetor metering device of an internal combustion engine, allows formation of a mixture of fuel vapor and air which burns more efficiently and yields less harmful combustion by-products than conventional carburetor systems. Incoming air to the engine is substantially completely saturated with fuel vapors by passing the air through a controlled volume of liquid fuel heated to a predetermined temperature, thereby allowing the air stream to become substantially saturated with fuel vapors. The air-fuel vapor mixture is further leaned downstream by the addition of fresh air, and the leaner, but more uniformly and controllably saturated air-fuel mixture then is introduced into the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning system adapted to clean smoke or other waste gases through a liquid bath process. This system comprises a generally cubicle enclosure divided internally into three separate compartments. The first compartment includes means for inputting both a cleaning solution, preferably water, and a dirty exhaust gas for cleaning. Liquid level is maintained relatively constant by a float-actuated door system. A barrier disposed within the compartment prevents liquid turbulance. An adjacent intermediate compartment is in fluid flow communication with the inlet compartment via a submerged liquid passageway through which gases may be drawn by suction. Perforated plate means disposed within the intermediate compartment removes particulate matter from the liquid cleaning solution, and the resulting sediment is deposited in an adjacent auger equipped sediment pit for removal from the system.

Abstract: A solar operated chemical heat pump useful in both the heating and cooling modes. This system includes an insulated tank containing a fluid which is heated from the exterior. A heat sink in the form of a second tank is also employed. A water-ammonia solution is present in each tank, and conduit means are provided for respectively conducting the vapor of each tank into a bubble plate or similar structure of the remaining tank, this for effecting a thorough dispersion of incoming vapor into the liquid of the respective tanks. Heat from a solar heat source is used to heat the liquid of the first tank to drive off vapor under pressure so that the ammonia gas released can be bubbled through the water of the second tank. This process serves to gradually reduce the ammonium ions in the liquid of the first tank and enables the second tank to serve as a heat sink for the system.

Abstract: A bubbler system utilizing interconnected dual-chambers forming a series path for a carrier gas thereby rendering useful in excess of 90 percent of the material contained therein. The inlet and outlet ports of the bubbler system are provided with an inner and outer seal, creating a compartment in which may be positioned a small hammer. The user of the system removes the outer seals, makes desired connections to the ports, and thereby connects the bubbler to a using system without exposing the material to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A water-containing pond for collecting solar energy for utilization in a process for recovering potable water from non-potable water and/or for the generation of power. The solar pond is designed to increase the quantity and efficiency of water evaporation, from heated pond water, into a heated flowing air stream. Construction in such that there is afforded an increase in the absorptivity/emissivity (a/e) ratio with respect to the incidence of solar radiation.

Abstract: There is described a device for sterilizing swimming-pool water, particularly of small-volume pools, said device being provided in the water regenerating flow circuit and comprising an ozonizer, in which the ozonizer is so arranged as to supply the ozone directly either into the water flowing through the regeneration circuit, or into the water inside a water-ozone contacting chamber without venting the ozone to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Gas-liquid contacting efficiency is enhanced in a horizontal scrubbing vessel having first and second baffle means forming a series of side-by-side compartments across the vessel and arranged so that gas flows from the upper-most portion of each compartment and is directed downward so as to enter the next downstream compartment at the bottom-most portion thereof for upward flow therein. Scrubbing liquid is sprayed downward into each compartment for countercurrent gas-liquid contact herein. The liquid collected at the bottom of each compartment is passed to the top of the next upstream compartment for full countercurrent flow through and across the vessel, with the scrubbing liquid being reactivated and recycled to the furthermost downstream compartment. When a common liquid collection means is provided for all compartments, the reactivated liquid can be recycled to the spraying means of each compartment in parallel so that the gas contacts freshly reactivated liquid in each compartment.

Abstract: An apparatus for dissolving oxygen in a body of water having a housing submerged in a body of water. A chamber in the housing containing a volume of oxygen in surface contact with the water. An apparatus for supplying oxygen to the chamber at a rate equal to the rate at which oxygen is absorbed by the water.

Abstract: Improvements in air pollution control and polluted gas effluent treatment, both processes and apparatus; Processes and devices for sequentially several times drawing a polluted gas stream against a liquid surface under a barrier approaching the liquid surface, while adding ambient air to the stream between impacts; Processes and devices for humidifying a polluted gas stream by first drawing the stream in impact against a liquid body surface, thereafter nucleating the humidified gas stream by adding ambient air thereto, and finally again drawing the now nucleated gas stream into impact against a liquid body surface to remove the polluting particulates therefrom; Single vessel and multiple vessel multi-stage processes of treating polluted gas streams by drawing same into first impacting humidification, thereafter ambient air addition-nucleation followed by further draw-through impaction.

Abstract: An apparatus for the removal of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter from flue gases wherein a pump extracts hot flue gases from a furnace and discharges such gases, and the particulates entrained therein, into one end of an extractor comprising a horizontal series of water-containing extraction chambers. The gas under pressure is forced from one chamber to the next through communicating openings in the lower side walls of the chambers, the gas pressure being sufficient to displace some of the water and maintain at least the final chamber in substantially filled condition. The water in the series of extraction chambers combines with the sulfur dioxide in the circuitously-flowing flue gases to produce an acid solution, thereby extracting the sulfur dioxide and simultaneously washing particulates from the gases. A suitable heat exchanger is disposed in at least one of the chambers for transferring heat from the water to a fluid circulated through the exchanger.

Abstract: A liquid aeration device includes a head box having a bottom wall, a pair of spaced side walls interconnected with the bottom wall, and a pair of spaced transverse walls interconnected with the side and bottom walls to form a receiver chamber into which liquid to be aerated is fed and from which such liquid passes through orifice means formed in one transverse wall of the head box from whence the liquid by free fall passes through an entry chamber and enters a vertically disposed downcomer conduit interconnected at its bottom with a pressure chamber to which a vertically disposed riser conduit is also connected.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for treating a liquid with a gas wherein a liquid feed is introduced to the initial stage of a multi-stage device for dissolving the gas in the liquid. Efficient mass transfer is achieved by effecting a gas-liquid counter flow in serial stages of the dissolution device. The effluent from the dissolution device exhibits a relatively high dissolved gas concentration which gas is subsequently consumed by the liquid in a reaction tank. A liquid recycle line is provided for returning and combining treated liquid with the incoming feed thereby enabling further dissolution of the gas in the liquid. In the course of treating wastewater with ozone, a flotation clarifier may be provided with the initial stage of the dissolution device to enable the surface coagulation of impurities in the wastewater feed. The coagulants may be skimmed prior to introducing wastewater into subsequent stages of the dissolution device, thereby substantially reducing the ultimate ozone demand of the wastewater.

Abstract: BOD-containing water such as sewage is mixed with active biomass and a first quantity of oxygen feed gas in a first cycle for biochemical oxidation to produce oxygenated liquid-solid and unconsumed oxygen-containing gas of lower purity than the feed gas. The unconsumed oxygen is discharged and a second quantity of oxygen feed gas is introduced for mixing in a second biochemical oxygenation cycle.