Abstract: Cooling performance of a cooler for pre-cooling humid gas supplied to a gas turbine power generation plant, etc. is improved by increasing heat transfer efficiency between the humid gas and cooling liquid flowing in heat exchanger tubes with utilization of condensed liquid generated due to the cooling of the humid gas. In a heat exchanger for cooling humid gas a flowing surrounding heat exchanger tubes 8 of the tube groups 9a and 9b by flowing cooling liquid r in the tubes, the liquid droplets cl generated by condensation of moisture contained in the humid gas are gathered and sprinkled or fallen in drops on a part of the heat exchanger tube group 9b, which results in increased heat exchange efficiency.

Abstract: A gas scrubber, equipped with heat exchanger surfaces constructed of thermoplates, suitable for cooling and cleaning a hot gas by avoiding an excessive thermal load of the washing liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for an air bypass system for a natural draft cooling tower that employs a wet heat exchanger, a direct dry heat exchanger or an indirect dry heat exchanger to extract heat from a heated fluid, which is usually liquid or steam.

Abstract: Improvements in tubes, which increase the heat exchange capacity of tubular heat exchangers using the tubes, are described. These improvements involve the use of one or more external surface enhancements, optionally combined with an internal enhancement and/or differing tube geometries. These improvements apply, for example, to internal condensers, including those in which the tube bundles are oriented vertically, in vapor-liquid contacting apparatuses such as distillation columns.

Abstract: A system and a method for the production and provision of CO2 gas is disclosed. A sealable chamber is equipped with heating means and when sodium bicarbonate is placed in it and heated to its decomposition temperature CO2 gas is released. The released gas is conveyed into liquid within a container and when the pressure of the gas in the container raises more and more CO2 gas is dissolved. The heating may he done by conduction mechanism or by induction mechanism. The sodium bicarbonate or any other material including carbon dioxide may be disposed in powder or solid form. I may be disposed in thin envelope case.

Abstract: A respiratory humidifier chamber for use with a breathing assistance apparatus is described. The chamber includes a water-tight vessel having an inlet for receiving gases from the breathing assistance apparatus, and an outlet through which heated humidified gases exit the vessel for delivery to a patient. The chamber has a partition which divides the chamber into upstream and downstream sub-chambers. The sub-chambers are separated by the partition except for an aperture which passes through the partition and allows gaseous communication between the sub-chambers. The downstream sub-chamber includes a heater base which heats a volume of water contained within it. The aperture is located above the volume of water. The upstream sub-chamber contains an internal heater which heats gases passing through it from the inlet to the aperture. At least part of the internal heater is located immediately adjacent the aperture.

Abstract: A heat transfer system includes a steam chamber that communicates in an open-loop arrangement with a first steam source for supplying steam to the steam chamber, the steam chamber including a steam exit for supplying steam to air at atmospheric pressure. A heat transfer tube communicates in a closed-loop arrangement with a second steam source for supplying steam to an interior surface of the heat transfer tube, the heat transfer tube vaporizing condensate forming within the heat transfer system back to steam that is supplied to the air via the steam exit. The outer surface of the heat transfer tube is configured to contact the condensate and vaporize the condensate back into steam, wherein the heat transfer tube includes a plurality of pockets formed on the outer surface of the tube, each pocket including a pocket exit/entry portion having a smaller cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the pocket at a root portion thereof adjacent the outer surface of the tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semi-continuous deodoriser comprising at least one stripping section, which stripping section comprises a feed buffer tray for liquids, a liquid flow regulating means, a liquid distributor, a structured packing, and a receiver tray, wherein the regulating means are regulating the liquid flow from the feed buffer tray to the distributor to distribute the flow of liquid over the structured packing. The liquid is in the packing contacted in counter-current flow to an already once-used stripping agent which is recovered from one of more of the trays installed in the apparatus. The invention relates further to a method for refining fats and oils in a semi-continuous deodoriser, a method for re-using stripping agent in a semi-continuous deodoriser, segregating the recovered distillate into high purity types matching the feed type, and a use of the semi-continuous deodoriser.

Abstract: Improvements in tubes, which increase the heat exchange capacity of tubular heat exchangers using the tubes, are described. These improvements involve the use of one or more external surface enhancements, optionally combined with an internal enhancement and/or differing tube geometries. These improvements apply, for example, to internal condensers, including those in which the tube bundles are oriented vertically, in vapor-liquid contacting apparatuses such as distillation columns.

Abstract: A heat exchange laminate comprises a formable carrier layer at least partially covered with a flexible liquid retaining layer having an open structure. By forming such a laminate of two layers, desired properties such as the spatial distribution of the liquid retaining layer, can be imparted to the heat exchange laminate prior to forming. The laminate may then be conveniently formed into any desired shape by known manufacturing procedures for incorporation into a heat exchanger. The laminate may be used to cool a first fluid by evaporation of a liquid into a second fluid operating at or near its saturation point.

Abstract: Free heat from an exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine or an electric heater supplies heat to a vaporizer. Gasoline is converted from fluid to vapor in the vaporizer and sent directly to the fuel injectors. Water fog may be added to the air intake manifold. One embodiment adds a catalyst to the vaporizer to convert gasoline to propane vapor. Fuel efficiency from 30 to 43 miles per gallon has been tested.

Abstract: An external gas humidifier for fuel cell transfers recycled high-temperature waste heat produced by the fuel cell to a reactant gas, such as hydrogen or air, which is guided into the external gas humidifier. The heated reactant gas is treated in the external gas humidifier to effectively increase the moisture content of the reactant gas within a shortened time. When the humidified reactant gas enters into the fuel cell, it enables a polymeric membrane in the fuel cell to be well humidified to thereby enhance the power generation efficiency and service life of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A vapor purifier for oil recovery from and cleansing of deleterious matter carried by oil vapors in a crankcase of an internal combustion-type engine generally includes a coil member that can separate the oil from the vapors by passing the vapors over and/or through the coil member. As the vapors impinge upon the surface(s) of the coil member, oil in the blow-by vapors condenses thereon. The vapor purifier can include a flow equalization member to maintain a normal engine intake manifold pressure for driving modes of the engine. As a result, the vapor purifier of the present invention can maintain the air to fuel stoichiometric ratio of the engine system. Additional components, such as filters and/or disks can also be included in the vapor purifier to promote oil recovery and cleansing of deleterious matter from the vapors, which act as a host for the deleterious matter.

Abstract: An automotive air conditioning system is disclosed comprising an evaporative cooler in series with the conventional vapor compression system. The evaporative cooler comprises an array of dry channels and a contiguous array of wet channels. The primary air stream to be conditioned by the evaporator of the conventional air conditioning system is preconditioned by the evaporative cooler by lowering its dry bulb temperature without changing its absolute humidity. An evaporator core is supported downstream of the evaporative cooler for receiving the primary air from the dry channels and thereby produces liquid condensate. The system is distinguished by conducting the liquid condensate from the evaporator core to the wicking tank for use in the wet channels of the evaporative cooler.

Abstract: The convector includes at least one finned tube bundle (7) in the tubes of which a fluid to be cooled is made to circulate and at least one fan (11) producing an air flow that strikes the outside of said finned tubes. The convector includes an adiabatic chamber (13) through which a air flow (F1) passes, positioned upstream of the tube bundle (7), inside which water is nebulized and vaporized. The adiabatic chamber (13) is defined by side walls (5) and by at least two evaporation honeycomb fill packs (15, 17).

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas cooling device for coke-oven gas containing condensing constituents. Said device comprises a gas conduit (6), through which the coke-oven gas flows, heat exchanger elements in said gas conduit that are traversed by a coolant and a spray device (2) located above the heat exchanger elements, the surface of the heat exchanger elements that faces the gas being wet by a liquid that is fed through the spray device (2). According to the invention, the heat exchanger elements (5) are configured as cooling plates (5), through which the coolant can flow and are combined with channel-forming spacers (7) to form at least one heat exchanger stack. The heat exchanger stacks are located in the gas conduit (6) with a vertical alignment of their cooling plates (5), the gas channels formed by the spacers (7) being sprayed from above by the liquid that emanates from the spray device (2) and being traversed by the coke-oven gas.

Abstract: This invention relates to a heating and humidifying device in which a far infrared generation region and a heat exchange region are divided within a housing by a plurality of support frames. Several quartz outer tubes sealed at both ends of each tube are provided in the far infrared generation region. A quartz inner tube having a far infrared ray heater is provided within each quartz outer tube. A water supply inlet is provided on the side wall of each quartz outer tube, and a number of water vapor outlets are provided at the upper portion on the side wall of the quartz outer tube. The heat exchange region has a container provided at the bottom portion which is provided with a water charge port and several water discharge ports. Each water discharge port is communicated with the water supply inlet of the quartz outer tube by a communicating tube, and a micro-water-pipette is provided within each communicating tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement (1) for treatment of a polymerizable material (12) comprising at least one gassing device (2) to feed a gas (11) into the polymerizable material (12) and a heating device (3) to heat the polymerizable material (12) provided with gas (11), characterized in that the heating device (3) is designed such that the polymerizable material (12) flows through the heating device (3) via an inlet (4) against gravity (9) and means for even distribution of the gas (11) over the inlet (4) are provided. The invention also relates to a process for heating of a polymerizable material, a device for production of (meth)acrylic acid and a process for production of high purity (meth)acrylic acid.

Abstract: A device for creating a reference humidity that includes a saturation chamber and a condensate cooler in fluid communication with the saturation chamber and arranged downstream of the saturation chamber, wherein the condensate cooler is a fin-type condenser whose arrangement is such that substantially horizontal gas flow through the condensation cooler results. A measuring chamber connected with the condensate cooler, in which a desired reference humidity is definitely set by varying pressures and/or temperatures.

Abstract: Device for simultaneously cooling and removing liquid from compressed gas of a compressor element (1) or of several compressor elements (1) which are connected either or not in parallel or in series, which device includes a pressure vessel (2) which is provided with a liquid drain (8) at the bottom, an inlet (6) for compressed gas at a distance above the latter and an outlet (18) for compressed gas at the top, latter and an outlet (18) for compressed gas at the top, characterized in that a distribution device (4) is provided in the pressure vessel (2), between the inlet (6) and the outlet (18) for the compressed gas, for spreading a cool fluid in direct contact with the compressed gas, and in that a heat exchanger (5) is provided in the pressure vessel (2) for heating the compressed gas which has been cooled by the cool fluid.

Abstract: A mass and heat exchanger includes at least one first substrate with a surface for supporting a continuous flow of a liquid thereon that either absorbs, desorbs, evaporates or condenses one or more gaseous species from or to a surrounding gas; and at least one second substrate operatively associated with the first substrate. The second substrate includes a surface for supporting the continuous flow of the liquid thereon and is adapted to carry a heat exchange fluid therethrough, wherein heat transfer occurs between the liquid and the heat exchange fluid.

Abstract: In a gas humidifier used for humidifying fuel in a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), a small-size gas humidifier is achieved by carrying out a steam-generating process and a gas humidifying process by the use of the steam by using a single unit. In order to achieve this structure, a plurality of longitudinal tube plates are laminated in a thickness direction with predetermined intervals so that a heat-exchanger core (100) of a plate-fin type is prepared. Heating-use high-temperature fluid (A) is allowed to flow alternately through a plurality of spaces that are formed inside the heat-exchanger core (100) and placed side by side in the horizontal direction so as to direct a gas to be humidified (B) to another space from above to below. An injection tube (210), which is used for spraying liquid (C) that serves as a steam source, is inserted virtually horizontally along tube plates on two sides in an upper portion of each space through which the gas to be humidified (B) flows.

Abstract: A heat exchanger distributor which facilitates homogeneous flow of a two phase multicomponent heat exchange fluid, such as a refrigerant fluid, comprising a plurality of spaced dividers, extending longitudinally through some or all of the length of the finned section of the distributor, which prevent lateral movement and agglomerization of gas bubbles and a lower threshold for flow reversal and liquid logging.

Abstract: The present invention includes a horizontal foam fractionation protein skimmer for removing organic waste material (dissolved organic compounds) from organic loaded water. The protein skimmer includes a horizontal reaction chamber connected to a foam collection chamber in which protein-loaded foam containing organic waste material is collected. The reaction chamber is comprised of a series of horizontally-directed, nested, concentric tubes for increasing the number and decreasing the size of bubbles to facilitate efficient removal of dissolved organic compounds. Each horizontal tube has either one or several small openings that are offset from the openings on the adjacent tube at a small angle, typically 10°. The openings are formed by either a single slit that runs along the length of each tube, or by a series of holes that runs along the length of each tube. Organic-loaded water is pumped through tubing into the reaction chamber. As water moves through the tubing, gas (e.g.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a counter flow heat exchange assembly that provides increased heat exchange. The apparatus includes a plurality of adjacently spaced arrays, each array having a plurality of cooling conduits that are connected to one another through the utilization of connector portions. In addition, the apparatus includes a vertical partition that extends between some or all conduits of each array.

Abstract: A humidifier for fuel cells includes a housing with a heat-exchange plate formed therein, the plate defining first and second gas passages having gas inlets and outlets, respectively; a plurality of apertures formed on the plate; and a plurality of reservoirs fixed under the apertures and filled with a water absorbable and permeable stuffing material for trapping and storing water. The water permeable stuffing material may be disposed in the first gas passage. Cool, dry oxygen/air is channeled to the first gas passage and conveyed to an oxygen/air inlet of the fuel cell, and high-temperature, high-moisture exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell is introduced to the second gas passage, such that water and heat of the exhaust gas in the second gas passage are recycled by the heat-exchange plate and conveyed to the first gas passage, thereby achieving the humidification effect and improving electricity-generating efficiency of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A method of humidifying gases to 100% relative humidity and a humidifier to carry out such a method are provided to humidify gases for fuel cells and for other applications. The humidification of gases is thermally controlled and thermal energy is managed to provide an efficient system. A pre-humidifier accommodates a wide range of flow rates of dry gas to initially humidify and pre-heat the gas, and a boiler provides steam to mix with the effluent from the pre-humidifier to humidify the gas to saturation. A thermal insulator between the boiler and bulk water and/or pre-humidifier enhances the steam generation from the boiler and prevents direct heating of water or gases by heat from the boiler. Above the boiler, bulk water, and pre-humidifier, a mixing chamber further functions as a condenser and water separator. The mixing chamber provides a space for mixing gases and steam and separates saturated gases from condensed water.

Abstract: The present invention includes a horizontal foam fractionation protein skimmer for removing organic waste material (dissolved organic compounds) from organic loaded water. The protein skimmer includes a horizontal reaction chamber connected to a foam collection chamber in which protein-loaded foam containing organic waste material is collected. The reaction chamber is comprised of a series of horizontally-directed, nested, concentric tubes for increasing the number and decreasing the size of bubbles to facilitate efficient removal of dissolved organic compounds. Each horizontal tube has either one or several small openings that are offset from the openings on the adjacent tube at a small angle, typically 10°. The openings are formed by either a single slit that runs along the length of each tube, or by a series of holes that runs along the length of each tube. Organic-loaded water is pumped through tubing into the reaction chamber. As water moves through the tubing, gas (e.g.

Abstract: Atomization and vaporization of spray in a fuel supply system is promoted at the time of cold startup and the amount of fuel depositing on the inner wall of the intake manifold is reduced, thereby ensuring improved startability of an internal combustion engine of a car, reduced fuel costs and improved purification of exhaust gas. A very fine groove is formed on a heat transfer surface in a fuel vaporization promoting apparatus, wherein this groove is shaped in such a way that fuel is dispersed by the surface tension of the heat transfer surface and the fuel. This configuration ensures uniform dispersion of fuel on the heat transfer surface and effective promotion of vaporization.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a medium condenser having a plurality of vertical cooling fins having extra length extended both upwardly and downwardly from an ordinary portion of medium coil path for greatly increasing the cooling efficiency thereof, and a drip-drop type water feeding box for feeding water drops to a top of cooling fins densely but intermittently to let each of water drop remain in the space between opposite surfaces of adjacent cooling fins a short period of time and start to slide down the surface of a cooling fin as a next drop of water is delivered to provide enough time for evaporation so as to absorb a large quantity of latent heat and increase cooling efficiency.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a carburetor arrangement in a housing (1) and especially in the housing of a work apparatus such as a motor-driven chain saw or like portable handheld work apparatus. An engine (2) is mounted in the housing (1) and has an inlet channel (3) which is connected via a connecting pipe (4) to the intake channel section (5) of a membrane carburetor (6). An intake air filter (10) is mounted on the carburetor (6) on the end face (17) facing away from the connecting pipe (4). Combustion air is supplied through the intake air filter (10). To avoid a damaging warming of the carburetor, a heat-draining component (20) is mounted on the end face (17) of the carburetor which faces away from the connecting pipe (4). The component (20) projects beyond the contour of the carburetor (6).

Abstract: A humidifier includes a housing that accommodates bundles of a large number of water permeable hollow fiber membranes arranged along the longitudinal direction of the housing. Two different gasses having different moisture contents pass through outside and inside of the bundle of the hollow fiber membranes separately to exchange their moistures through the hollow fiber membranes resulting in the dry gas of lesser moisture content being humidified. A heating or temperature adjuster is provided to maintain the temperature of the exhaust gas introduced to the humidifier or the bundles of hollow fiber membranes substantially at a temperature of a fuel cell in operation.

Abstract: A cooling tower has cooling tubes fitted to a water tank with upper portions sticking out from a top side of the tank. The upper portions of the cooling tubes have radiating fins. A frame is disposed on the top of the tank with aerosols being fitted to an inner upper side, and with two opposing fans fitted to two lateral sides. Hot water is sent through the tank to contact the lower portions of the cooling tubes such that same is cooled down by cooling spray distributed onto the radiating fins, and cooling air sent into, and out of the frame by the fans.

Abstract: An absorber having a shell, wet tubes and cooling fluid supply and collection portions. Partition walls divide the shell into at least three zones. The wet tubes are disposed parallelly in the shell, passing through the partition walls. The opposite open ends of the wet tube locate in the uppermost and lowermost zones of the shell, respectively. The cooling fluid supply portion communicates with the open end of the wet tube to supply a cooling fluid thereto. The cooling fluid collection portion communicates with the other open end of the wet tube and discharge it outside. A gap is formed between the wet tube and the partition walls facing the intermediate zone. The cooling fluid continuously flows in the wet tubes, while supplying the liquid working fluid to the uppermost zone so as to flow down from the gap. The liquid working fluid flows through the gap to the zone locating below the intermediate zone and is discharged outside.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the humidification of gas streams, such as reactant gas streams for fuel cells, wherein the specific water evaporation rate, gas delivery temperature, and degree of gas humidity may be adjusted and maintained at predetermined levels. An ultrasonic device providing a water mist is used in the evaporation process. The amount of water vapor being introduced into the gas stream can be varied up to the saturation point of the reactant gas stream. As the water vapor leaves the evaporation chamber, it mixes with the gas stream in a gas humidification chamber or riser. The humidified reactant gas stream is then maintained at a set point temperature that is at least above the dew point temperature of the humidified reactant gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for the humidification of gas streams, such as reactant gas streams for fuel cells, wherein the specific water evaporation rate, gas delivery temperature, and degree of gas humidity may be adjusted and maintained at predetermined levels. The humidification apparatus is well suited for use in testing the operation of a fuel cell under various well-controlled conditions in order to evaluate the performance of the fuel cell. The amount of water vapor being introduced into the gas stream can be varied up to the saturation point of the reactant gas stream. As the water vapor leaves the evaporation chamber, it mixes with the gas stream in a gas humidification chamber or riser. The gas riser preferably has a baffle disposed therein to attract any water that may have condensed in the gas stream and direct the condensed liquid water toward the evaporation chamber so the water may be evaporated once again.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing one or more organic acids in high purity which process comprises (i) oxidizing in a liquid oxidation reactor one or more organic liquids with essentially pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air containing at least about 50% oxygen, at a temperature sufficiently stable to prevent cycling of reaction rate, to produce a crude reaction product fluid, and (ii) refining said crude reaction product fluid to give said one or more organic acids in high purity. The oxidation temperature is preferably controlled to within about ±3° C. of a target temperature. The organic acids described herein is useful in a variety of applications, such as intermediates in the manufacture of chemical compounds, pharmaceutical manufacture and the like.

Abstract: A gas-fired humidifier comprising a heat exchanger with a plurality of generally upwardly extending tubes. These are connected at their lower ends to a source of water and at their upper ends to a steam header. A gas-fired burner is arranged to direct heat to the exterior of the tubes so as to cause water therein to boil and form steam in the steam header.

Abstract: The present invention provides for improved liquid vaporizer systems and methods for their use. Vaporizer systems of the present invention are likely to be particularly useful for the vaporization of liquids having a relatively low vapor pressure, such as TDMAT. In one preferred embodiment, a liquid vaporizer system (10) includes a vaporizer unit (16) having first and second inlets (50 and 60) and an outlet (62). The vaporizer system further includes a vessel (22) having an inlet (70) and an outlet (72), whereby the vessel inlet is operably connected to the vaporizer outlet. The vessel contains a plurality of passages (78) which operably connect the vessel inlet and the vessel outlet. In this manner, liquids and/or gases flowing into the vaporizer unit through either or both of its two inlets, exit the vaporizer unit outlet and enter the vessel inlet. Liquids and/or gases pass through the plurality of passages and exit the vessel outlet.

Abstract: The present invention provides for improved liquid vaporizer systems and methods for their use. Vaporizer systems of the present invention are likely to be particularly useful for the vaporization of liquids having a relatively low vapor pressure, such as TDMAT. In one preferred embodiment, a liquid vaporizer system (10) includes a vaporizer unit (16) having first and second inlets (50 and 60) and an outlet (62). The vaporizer system further includes a vessel (22) having an inlet (70) and an outlet (72), whereby the vessel inlet is operably connected to the vaporizer outlet. The vessel contains a plurality of passages (78) which operably connect the vessel inlet and the vessel outlet. In this manner, liquids and/or gases flowing into the vaporizer unit through either or both of its two inlets, exit the vaporizer unit outlet and enter the vessel inlet. Liquids and/or gases pass through the plurality of passages and exit the vessel outlet.

Abstract: A contacting grate or panel for mass transfer or heat exchange comprising a substantially rectangular supporting framework having two connecting frame members extending along opposite side edges and a number of elongate supporting frame members extending between the connecting frame members. A series of small, parallel plates are mounted along each of the supporting frame members and each plate is relatively short. The grate has two relatively large and opposite sides and the planes in which the plates lie are perpendicular to these two opposite sides. Preferably, each plate lies in a plane which extends at an acute angle of less than 90 degrees to a longitudinal central axis of its respectively supporting frame member. A number of these grates can be connected together at their corners to form a module.

Abstract: A two-phase small channel heat exchange matrix simultaneously provides for heat transfer and mass transfer between the liquid and vapor phases of a multi-component mixture at a single, predetermined location within a separation column, significantly improving the thermodynamic efficiency of the separation process. The small channel heat exchange matrix is composed of a series of channels having a hydraulic diameter no greater than 5.0 millimeters for conducting a two-phase coolant. In operation, the matrix provides the liquid-vapor contacting surfaces within the separation column, such that heat and mass are transferred simultaneously between the liquid and vapor phases. The two-phase coolant allows for a uniform heat transfer coefficient to be maintained along the length of the channels and across the surface of the matrix.

Abstract: A contra flow air to air heat exchanger, and an evaporative air conditioner employing such a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger (10) utilises a series of stacked plates (24), each having curved deep groove corrugations which form channels (27) with an adjacent plate which are inclined at a small angle with the channels (28) of the first plate (24), each stack of plates (24) having two inlet ducts (14, 16) and two outlet ducts (18, 20) and (19, 21).

Abstract: A heat-absorbing finshield assembly, which is located adjacent the discharge area of a furnace for producing glass fibers, includes fins spaced along a fluid-cooled manifold such that the fins extend between, but not in contact with, the molten glass fibers emerging from the furnace. The fins may have microfins in their bases which are in contact with the cooling fluid. The fins also may be of variable thicknesses relative to each other along the manifold to absorb different quantities of heat from the emerging fibers.

Abstract: A shell and tube heat exchanger reactor with forced circulation is used to improve heat and mass transfer for exothermic liquid-liquid, gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactions. Enhanced productivity and selectivity are obtained.

Abstract: An absorber for absorbing a vapor into a sorbent liquid comprised of a sequential plurality of highly effective and intensified locally cocurrent sorptions, but with non-cocurrent flow of vapor and liquid between the individual sorptions. The structure containing the locally cocurrent upflow is preferably comprised of enhanced heat transfer surface, making the sorption diabatic, further enhancing the intensification, and improving the sorption efficiency. Referring to FIG. 1, vertical cylinders (1) and (2) form an annulus which is divided into multiple compartments by partitions. Vapor is injected into the bottom portion of each compartment by injection ports (10), resulting in cocurrent upflow absorption. The compartments are pressure equalized with a common vapor space via equalization ports (6). This approach to absorption can be accomplished in a vertical cylindrical annulus as described above, in a horizontal cylindrical annulus, in plate fin exchangers, and others.

Abstract: A fluid heat exchange apparatus is disclosed that can be used as an absorber in an absorption cooling system. The compact absorber design uses an accordion fin assembly to direct solution downward through the absorber on a plurality of alternatively angled fins. The alternatively angled fins cause the solution to collect at each level against a thermally conductive surface. Each fin includes a plurality of house-shaped perforations that allow the solution to spill over onto the next level fin. The house-shaped perforations also allow the vapor to flow upward in effective counterflow with the solution.

Abstract: Method and device which is to be used for the implementation thereof for transforming a liquid flow into a gas flow, whereby the liquid flow is led into a space in which the liquid evaporates and the vapour which thus arises is carried off mixed with a carrier gas. By ensuring that the carrier gas flow is passed directly past the liquid inlet port, whereby a complete mixing of both is achieved, and by keeping the way to the evaporation space short, a stabile and continuous gas flow is obtained. The provisions for mixing and evaporation are integrated in the device.

Abstract: An apparatus for vaporizing a liquid raw material comprises a nozzle with an open tip end for ejecting a liquid raw material into a heated gas atmosphere as liquid droplets and a heated plate with a small opening disposed in front of the nozzle, a space opposite to that occupied by the nozzle with respect to the plate being evacuated.

Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition method for forming a deposited film on a substrate using a film-forming liquid raw material in which said film-forming liquid raw material is pulverizing into liquid fine particles and said liquid fine particles are heated together with a gas to produce a film-forming raw material gas; said film-forming raw material gas is introduced into a reaction chamber; and said film-forming raw material gas is chemically reacted with a surface of a substrate disposed in said reaction chamber.