Abstract: A process for effecting mass transfer between a liquid phase and a gaseous phase in a filled-type column having an external shell which accommodates at least one filler-containing basket wherethrough the phases are caused to flow in countercurrent relationship. The process includes the step of feeding the gaseous phase to the at least one basket through a gas-permeable surface thereof which is larger than the basket cross-section, preferably in a prevailing radial flow direction.

Abstract: A method and device for introducing a liquid-vapor mixture into a radial feed cylindrical fractionating column (1). The method includes separating the liquid-vapor mixture into two opposite and horizontal flows (6, 7), and directing the flows toward the lower part (4) of the column (1) to reduce the entrainments of liquid toward the upper part (5) of the column. The device includes elements (9a, 9b) for separating the liquid-vapor mixture into two opposite and horizontal flows and elements for directing the flows toward the lower section of the column. The elements cooperate to reduce the entrainment of liquid toward the upper section of the column. The method and device can be applied in the oil industry, namely in crude oil refineries as well as in chemistry and petrochemistry.

Abstract: The lower, liquid collecting section of a gas/liquid contacting column has an entrained substance depleting duct extending therearound wherein gas, for example, steam is fed by the duct into the lower section, steam depleted by gravity of liquid droplets, is deflected upwardly by deflectors in the duct through duct openings into a central, upper region of the lower section, while steam with the droplets is deflected downwardly by deflectors in the duct through other duct openings towards a liquid pool in the lower section. Any other liquid and/or solids entrained in the gas (steam) are also deflected downwardly in this manner.

Abstract: A humidifier has a first sealable reservoir feeding water to a second reservoir communicating with ambient atmosphere. A blower is adapted to blow a stream of air through the humidifier to ambient atmosphere, such that the stream of air picks up water vapor from any water that may be in the second reservoir. A feeder valve feeds a quickly-evaporable quantity of water from the first reservoir into the second reservoir. The quickly-evaporable quantity of water in the second reservoir is substantially smaller than the water capacity of the first reservoir. A dry-out mechanism shuts off the feeder valve upon a user command and continues to run the blower at least until the quickly-evaporable quantity of water has evaporated to an extent effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in the microorganism-vulnerable reservoir.

Abstract: Anti-swirl baffles are provided in a mass transfer column to reduce the swirling motion of a vapor or mixed phase feed stream introduced into the column. The column is of the type having an upper region of a preselected diameter, a lower region of reduced diameter, and an intermediate transition region that has a diameter that transitions from the preselected diameter of the upper region to the reduced diameter of the lower region. The column includes a vapor or mixed phase feed nozzle and a feed device such as a vapor horn located at least partially within the upper region for delivering the vapor or mixed phase feed stream into the column. The anti-swirl baffles are positioned in the intermediate transition region of the column to disrupt the swirling motion of the vapor or mixed phase feed stream as portions of it descend from the feed device into the transition region of the column.

Abstract: A mass transfer column includes a feed device that is used to de-entrain liquid and more uniformly distribute vapor across a horizontal cross section of the column after a vapor or mixed phase stream has been directed into the column through a radially oriented feed nozzle. The feed device includes an annular passageway formed in the spacing between the column shell and an inner wall spaced inwardly from the shell. A deflector with oppositely directed deflecting surfaces is positioned at an inlet from the feed nozzle to the annular passageway and splits the vapor or mixed phase stream into two roughly equal streams that flow in opposite circumferential directions in the annular passageway. At least one pair of turning vanes is spaced on opposite sides of the deflecting surfaces in the annular passageway to create subpassages through which the vapor or mixed phase stream flows.

Abstract: A porous wall through which a flow of gas is established forming a layer supporting a liquid mass is strengthened partly to stiffen it and partly to control the shape of the lower surface of the supported liquid. Chambers containing different pressures can be formed, and possibly, separated by some of these strengthening parts to improve the equalisation by reducing the pressure at the center. Finally, capillaries may pass through the plate to measure the pressure or provide additional equalisation of the thickness of the layer by a suction device.

Abstract: A more compact humidifying apparatus for a fuel cell can be implemented. In the present invention, hydrogen humidifying modules 30A and 30B are disposed so as to be separated vertically on the front surface side of the humidifying unit 20, the air humidifying modules 30C and 30D are disposed separated vertically on the back side surface thereof, and the air humidifying modules 30E is disposed at the center, surrounded by the humidifying modules 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D. The axis direction of all of the humidifying modules 30A to 30E are disposed so as to be parallel to each other, only the hydrogen humidifying module 30A is disposed so that its position is shifted to the left (the longitudinal direction) of the axial direction of the other humidifying modules 30A to 30E, and the air off gas discharge pipes 43 of the air humidifying modules 30C to 30E are disposed in the space formed by this shift.

Abstract: A dry out mechanism for controlling a humidifier is disclosed. The mechanism includes a float and a switch. The float contacts the switch when the float is within an operating range. The movement of the float can be manually changed between settings to achieve normal operation or dry out operation of the humidifier. In the normal operation, the float activates the switch based on the fluid level within the humidifer's reservoir. In the dry out setting, the float activates the switch independent from the level of fluid within the reservoir so that the humidifier depletes the reservoir and components of fluid.

Abstract: A humidifying module that includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes grouped together to form a hollow fiber membrane bundle. A moisture exchange is performed through a thickness of each hollow fiber membrane between fluid streaming within an interior of each hollow fiber membrane and along an exterior of each hollow fiber membrane. An inner flow passage is inserted within the hollow fiber membrane bundle and along a longitudinal axis thereof, wherein a total longitudinal length which the inner flow passage is inserted within the hollow fiber membrane bundle is shorter than a longitudinal length of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The inner flow passage includes an inlet and an outlet through which the fluid passes. An end wall is located proximate the outlet. A protrusion is disposed at the end wall and opposite a flow direction of the fluid streaming within the inner flow passage.

Abstract: A dry out mechanism for controlling a humidifier is disclosed. The mechanism includes a float and a switch. The float contacts the switch when the float is within an operating range. The movement of the float can be manually changed between settings to achieve normal operation or dry out operation of the humidifier. In the normal operation, the float activates the switch based on the fluid level within the humidifer's reservoir. In the dry out setting, the float activates the switch independent from the level of fluid within the reservoir so that the humidifier depletes the reservoir and components of fluid.

Abstract: A distillation column and method in which a plurality of beds of structured packing are provided within a column shell and are configured to contact liquid and vapor phases of the mixture to be distilled. At least one liquid redistributor is located between the beds of structured packing to redistribute the liquid of the liquid phase and an annular collector is located above the liquid distributor to direct liquid to the liquid distributor. The annular collector acs as a constriction to produce a central flow of the vapor phase which can result in decreased performance of overlying beds of structured packing. In order to overcome this potential problem, a truncated bed of structured packing is provided directly above the annular collector to promote a more uniform distribution of such central vapor flow in a transverse direction of the column shell.

Abstract: A process for effecting mass transfer between liquid phase and a gaseous phase in a filled-type column having an external shell which accommodates at least one filler-containing basket wherethrough the phases are caused to flow in countercurrent relationship. The process advantageously includes the step of feeding the gaseous phase to the at least one basket through a gas-permeable surface thereof which is larger than the basket cross-section, preferably in a prevailing radial flow direction.

Abstract: With the method a fluid (4) is fed into an apparatus (1), in particular into a column, in which an infeed tube (2) for the fluid opens into a deflection unit (3). This deflection unit is arranged at a vertical distance from installations (10), in particular a column packing. Two partial flows (41, 42) are formed in the deflection unit which flow largely mirror symmetrically along an inner wall of the apparatus (1) and then, after a reunion, form a backwardly moving flow (44), the horizontal velocity component of which is directed radially to the deflection unit. At least one third partial flow (43) is formed by the deflection unit which is directed radially and oppositely with respect to the backwardly moving flow of the reunited partial flows. The third partial flow is developed so strongly that the backwardly moving flow is largely prevented from flowing through the column center.

Abstract: A two stage ozonation water purification system for eliminating deleterious pathogens from water includes: a first tank and a second tank; a conduit for delivering water to the first tank; a first ozone injection mechanism for injecting ozone into the water contained in the first tank for a first predetermined time period; a transfer conduit for transferring the water from the first tank to the second tank; and a second ozone injection mechanism for injecting ozone into the water contained in the second tank for a second predetermined time period. In one embodiment, the second tank is a dispensing tank including at least one outlet providing purified water for human consumption. Porous diffusion stones are disposed in the first and second tanks, the diffusion stones being in fluid communication with the first and second ozone injection mechanisms and providing optimal diffusion of ozone into the water contained in the first and second tanks.

Abstract: A gas-liquid dispersion device to be installed in a system in which a liquid flows forming a continuous phase and a gas flows upward includes a perforated plate which is so mounted as to interrupt a gas-liquid passage, in which a mixed phase of the gas and liquid is produced. A separated liquid-conducting channel extending from the perforated plate toward its gas inflow opening side is formed in such a way that a gas-liquid passage is divided into a liquid-conducting portion and a gas-dispersing portion. When the mixed phase of the gas and liquid is supplied to the gas-liquid dispersion device, a gas phase accumulates on the gas inflow opening side of the gas-liquid dispersion device and creates a gas pocket, whereby pulsation of gas and liquid flows can be prevented. As a result, the gas passes upward through individual through holes (excluding the liquid-conducting channel) made in the perforated plate while the liquid passes through the liquid-conducting channel in a stable manner.

Abstract: A combined liquid/vapor distributor and method of assembly are disclosed together with a method for collection and distribution of a liquid and a vapor in an exchange column. The combined liquid/vapor distributor is an apparatus for distributing a liquid and a vapor to or from a packing in an exchange column. The apparatus includes a distributor and a deck above and adjacent the distributor. The distributor has at least one vapor riser, which has generally parallel spaced apart upright walls and an open top and an open bottom opposite the open top. The distributor also has at least one liquid trough adjacent the vapor riser. The liquid trough has an open top and a floor having at least one aperture. The floor is opposite the open top of the liquid trough and is attached to at least one wall of the adjacent vapor riser.

Abstract: A humidified medical gas supply apparatus to supply gas such as carbon dioxide for laparoscopic surgery includes a gas supply, a supply controller, and a gas supply tube which has a humidification chamber mounted into it. The chamber has a dampened gas-pervious medium and an electrical heating element. The electrical element may extend along the gas supply tube and be wound around the medium within the chamber. A control controls an electrical supply to the electrical heating element to vary the electrical supply dependent upon a gas flow rate in the supply tube.

Abstract: An air humidifier apparatus with a time switch system combined to a circulation mechanism allowing for a controlled cyclical flow of water into a drain of the basin containing water in which soaks a spongy and absorbent material located on the circumference of a rotary drum, thus preventing any accumulation of limestone and other minerals in the water of the basin. The circulation mechanism that includes valves allows for a controlled flow of water while preventing any continuous flow of water through the drain in the case the humidifier stops in a position with an opened drain. Furthermore, the water can flow by that same drain if there is an overflow of water in the basin.

Abstract: A wick assembly for use in a humidifier including a housing defining an air inlet, an air outlet, and a reservoir adapted to contain water, a fan for creating an air flow path between the inlet and the outlet, and a float assembly for stopping the operation of the fan when an insufficient amount of water is present within the reservoir, the float assembly including a float rod, the wick assembly having a lower portion locatable within the reservoir and an upper portion locatable within the air flow path so that the wick assembly conducts water from the reservoir to the air flow path, the wick assembly including a frame, an absorbent wick supported by the frame, and a retainer mounted on the frame for movement between an extended position wherein the retainer can support the float rod, and a retracted position facilitating packaging of the wick assembly.

Abstract: A liquid-vapor distribution device for use in two-phase concurrent downflow vessels including a level, horizontal tray fabricated and installed so as to be essentially leak free at the junctions of the tray and the vessel wall, the horizontal tray being perforated with holes of equal size, the holes being distributed in an optimized pattern over the surface of the horizontal tray, each perforation through the horizontal tray being fitted with a vapor lift tube.

Abstract: A liquid distributor tray for a distillation column for distributing a descending liquid phase to be contacted with an ascending vapor phase within the distillation column. A tray is provided for collecting the descending liquid phase and has rows of apertures for downward passage of the descending liquid phase. Rows of vapor risers are located between the rows of apertures for a passage of the ascending vapor phase, and an upward direction through the tray. Rows of elongated liquid collectors are located above the rows of vapor risers and between the rows of apertures for collecting all or part of the descending liquid phase before the descending liquid phase reaches the tray. Rows of elongated liquid collectors provided with slots or openings are provided for collecting and then redistributing the descending liquid phase caught in the liquid collectors over a central region of the tray. Such redistribution prevents replication of maldistribution throughout the column.

Abstract: An IC engine fuel supply system (10) having a vaporization chamber (30) which has a foam mantle (48) for suspending fuel in a flow of air from a venturi inlet (72) for vaporizing the fuel. The vaporized fuel is mixed with the air in a mixing chamber (32) and then conveyed to an intake manifold of an IC engine. The system (10) improves the efficiency of the combustion of the fuel and reduces the amount of pollution produced.

Abstract: A distributor for supplying a mixed phase flow of gas-liquid feed uniformly on the surface of a trickle-bed of solid particles, including a tray horizontally arranged above the surface of the trickle-bed. The tray is equipped with a plurality of open-ended tubular distributor downcomers of a predetermined tube diameter and extend vertically for a certain height above and below the tray. The downcomers are adapted to provide passage for liquid flow through horizontal aperture in the tube wall of the downcomers and to provide passage for gas flow through the open ends of the downcomers. The apertures are disposed in the tube walls at various elevations above the tray with a predetermined minimum elevation for maintaining a liquid level on the tray.

Abstract: An improved packed tower for effecting the absorption of a gas into a liquid, comprising a cylindrical tower wall defining a packing zone; a plurality of packing pieces contained within the packing zone; a liquid distributor above the packing zone for distributing liquid onto the packing pieces; a gas feed inlet below the packing pieces for feeding gas through the packing zone, the improvement wherein the plurality of packing pieces comprises a first plurality of packing pieces, of a first packing piece size, disposed within a first region of the packing zone defining an annulus adjacent at an upper part of the tower wall, and a second plurality of packing pieces of a second packing piece size greater than the first packing piece size, within a second region of the packing zone. The packed tower provides higher efficiencies in gas absorption over prior art towers as to offer reduced tower and/or packing heights.

Abstract: A mass transfer or heat exchange column is provided with a vapor distributor having, in one embodiment, a deflecting surface which directs a vapor stream about the inner periphery of the column. Following discharge from the distributor, the vapor stream contacts circumferentially spaced guide vanes which redirect the vapor stream toward the center of the column to cause a more uniform distribution of the vapor stream across the horizontal cross section of the column.

Abstract: A mass transfer or heat exchange column is provided with a vapor distributor which circulates a vapor stream about the inner periphery of the column. The vapor stream is discharged from the distributor through an at least partially open bottom and, optionally, a plurality of spaced apart outlet ports in an inner annular wall of the distributor. A deflector extends upwardly along the inner annular wall to deflect the vapor stream away from a circumferential flow path along the inward face of the wall. The deflector may also extend outwardly under the flow channel to deflect, in a radially inward direction, vapor exiting the flow channel through the open bottom of the distributor.

Abstract: A mass transfer or heat exchange column is provided with a vapor distributor having, in one embodiment, a plenum which circulates a vapor stream about the inner periphery of the column. The plenum has a plurality of spaced apart outlet ports which allow portions of the vapor stream to be introduced into the open column interior at a plurality of locations. The vapor streams exiting the plenum have sufficient velocity to cause turbulent mixing of the streams, thereby providing a more uniform distribution of the vapor across the horizontal cross section of the column. The ascending, uniformly distributed vapor is then able to interact more efficiently with liquid in an overlying zone which may include trays or random or structured packing. In another embodiment, the vapor distributor defines a flow channel of decreasing cross-sectional area that is in communication with a generally open bottom of the distributor.

Abstract: A distributor system for uniformly directing vapor and liquid across the surface of a fixed bed of solids in a downflow reactor comprising a distributor tray, and a plurality of open-ended downpipes extending through the tray. A first array of the downpipes has a plurality of vertically spaced elevations of holes above the level of the tray. A second array of the downpipes has at least one elevation of holes at substantially the same height above the level of the tray as one of the upper elevations of holes in the first array of the downpipes. But, the second array has no elevation of holes corresponding to the lowermost elevation of holes, and possibly other lower elevations of holes, in the first array of downpipes. The absence of the lowermost holes in the second array of downpipes causes the liquid flow rate through the distributor tray at a given liquid height to be reduced when that liquid height falls below the elevation of the holes second from the bottom in the first array.

Abstract: An apparatus for vaporizing volatile liquids comprises a packed column, a gas inlet port (for introducing a hot entrainer gas), a feed tube (for introducing a volatile liquid), a feed distributor comprising a base plate equipped with orifices (through which the liquid flows downward into the packed column) and risers (through which the formed gaseous mixture of entrainer gas and vaporized liquid flows upward), and a gas outlet port. This apparatus can be used to vaporize volatile liquids, preferably volatile tin compounds, optionally in admixture with volatile silicon compounds, wherein steam is used as the entrainer gas.

Abstract: A portable vapor generator is disclosed that can provide a controlled source of chemical vapors, such as, narcotic or explosive vapors. This source can be used to test and calibrate various types of vapor detection systems by providing a known amount of vapors to the system. The vapor generator is calibrated using a reference ion mobility spectrometer. A method of providing this vapor is described, as follows: explosive or narcotic is deposited on quartz wool, placed in a chamber that can be heated or cooled (depending on the vapor pressure of the material) to control the concentration of vapors in the reservoir. A controlled flow of air is pulsed over the quartz wool releasing a preset quantity of vapors at the outlet.

Abstract: A horizontal pass, multiple packed-bed gas scrubber features relatively low pressure drop flow paths for both the gas flow and the scrubbing liquid flow, allowing large scale mass transfer of solute from the gas to the liquid. The scrubber is volumetrically compact, yet possesses extremely high scrubbing efficiency of large gas flow rates. Each packed bed comprises packing that is wetted by liquid emitted from low pressure drop orifices in piping near the top of the packing. The piping is supported by baffles that extend into the packing so as to force back into the packing any gas that seeks to avoid the packing by flowing through any void, or inadequately wetted, zone at the top of a bed.

Abstract: A combination splash/trickle pack for an evaporative cooler, which comprises packing elements 10,12 made from expanded metal or plastics sheets. The packing elements 10,12 are arranged such that in use they form a stack of packing elements within the cooler with the width and length of the packing elements determining the width and depth of the pack. Each of a plurality of the elements 10,12 has an inclined surface with an angle of inclination which varies so that in use a first region of the surface is sufficiently inclined to the horizontal to serve as a trickle surface and a second region of the surface is sufficiently close to the horizontal to serve as a splash surface.

Abstract: An anesthetics monitoring device includes an anesthetic vaporizer, from which the anesthetic can be supplied to a setting device supplying dosed amounts of anesthetic to an anesthetics device for dispensing the anesthesia to a patient. The device has a coding for the unmistakable assignment of the setting device to the type of anesthetic used. An automatic recognition of the anesthetic used and a setting to a metering and control unit for dispersing the anesthetic is guaranteed. Any incorrect metering and incorrect setting is prevented. For this purpose, the coding is brought into an operative connection with a receiver provided between the setting device and the anesthetics dispersing device. The receiver is equipped with a scanning apparatus which is connected to the metering and control dispensing unit by means of signal transfer lines.

Abstract: A system for removing volatile constituents (e.g., hydrocarbons) from a liquid (e.g., water) containing the same by which there is a continuous countercurrent contact between the liquid and a forced air flow. Water collected in a reservoir is continuously pumped to the top of a stripping tower where it is dispersed downwardly over packing material. A blower forces air upwardly in the tower so as to remove the volatile constituents that exit the tower with the exit air. Since the water flow is continuous, multiple passes occur through the tower to enhance separation efficiency. Water from the base of the tower returns to the reservoir via overflow from a standpipe. A lower liquid level sensor in the reservoir initiates operation of the water pump to the tower, and an upper liquid level sensor initiates operations of another pump for pressure discharge from the base of the tower to an exterior site.

Abstract: The invention concerns a steam/water mixer with steam and water inlets, a vessel for mixing the steam and water, an outlet for passing heated water from the mixing vessel, sintered material located inside the mixing vessel between the steam inlet(s) so that the steam entering the mixing vessel can only pass through the sintered material to the water inlet or the mixing-vessel outlet, wherein packing material is disposed in the space between the sintered material and the interior wall of the mixing vessel.

Abstract: This is a portable effluent gas treating device used on non-active elements of the lead battery. It is composed of an acid-base resistant container and a cover with holes. A sponge-like filler containing alkali liquid is placed inside the container which opening top is connected with the cover and its lower part is provided with a passage communicating with the unit battery box. The present invention not only can eliminate the environment pollution of lead battery effluent gas, but also is convenient to use and to carry.

Abstract: An air purifier with perfume dispensing control, comprising a base plate which has a controller and an air pump, a stepped cap mounted on said base plate at the top for holding a plurality of perfume dispensers, a rotary table mounted on said stepped cap and said perfume dispensers at the top, a hood for securing said stepped cap, said perfume dispensers and said rotary table to said base plate, a trigger arm assembly controlled by an electromagnet to alternatively move back and forth causing said rotary table to rotate, and a stop arm assembly to stop said rotary table from reverse rotation. Compressed air from the pump is alternatively delivered to the perfume dispensers while the rotary table is caused to rotate, causing the perfume dispensers to give off different pleasant smells.

Abstract: A vapor-liquid distribution method and apparatus utilize a cap assembly for attachment over an opening in a deck tray of a gas-liquid contact apparatus (e.g., catalytic reactor). The cap assembly comprises a riser located over the opening in the deck tray, and providing fluid communication from an upper surface to a lower surface of the deck tray. A cap encompasses an upwardly extending end of the riser. A key feature of the assembly is the provision of a dispersion plate in a lower end of the riser which provides a flow restriction for two phase fluids flowing through the riser to produce a mist flow of the two phases. Preferably, the dispersion plate has a plurality of openings therethrough, at least the outer openings being provided with tabs to disperse the mist flow radially outward.

Abstract: The efficiency of mixing vapor in a countercurrent column (1) is improved by use of one or more vapor risers (6) each incorporating a mixing device (7). The method is suitable for use in countercurrent columns operating at high pressures or under vacuum. For high pressure operation a single riser is preferred positioned in the center of the distributor tray (5).

Abstract: A fragrance dispenser for circulating air and evaporating an aromatic fluid into the air is disclosed. The fragrance dispenser include a wick holder body having a fluid reservoir and a wick receiving passage. The passage communicates with the fluid reservoir and includes an exposed wick receiving passage and channel portion. A wick is disposed in the wick receiving channel and has a fluid receiving end disposed in the reservoir for drawing liquid therefrom into the wick and an exposed portion positioned in the exposed portion of the wick receiving channel. A fan housing is connected to the wick holder body and includes a fan for blowing air over the exposed portion of the wick. A wick cover, supported by the wick holder body, is movable between a substantially closed position covering the exposed portion of the wick and an open position where the wick is exposed to the flow of air provided by the fan.

Abstract: A vapor horn-packing bed assembly for a chemical process tower incorporating a plurality of directional flow vanes within a 360 degree annular housing. A structured packing bed is disposed centrally of the annular housing and the vapor horn is disposed in flow communication with the packing bed wherein discharged vapor will ascend therethrough. The vapor horn includes a plurality of equally spaced flow vanes positioned for intercepting and diverting the vapor flow downwardly within the tower for generating a substantially homogenous vapor region beneath the packing bed. The homogenous vapor generated by such a vapor horn will comprise a turbulent, gaseous region having sufficiently uniform kinetic energy to present a substantially even ascension front into the packing bed of the vapor horn assembly and other packing beds thereabove.

Abstract: A prebox receptacle is mounted in a pan of a distributor which distributes liquid onto a bed of packing media in a gas-liquid contact column. The pan has a substantially horizontal deck surrounded by sidewalls, and outlet openings are formed in the deck to discharge liquid from the deck onto packing media therebelow. The prebox receptacle is mounted on and supported by the pan. The prebox has a bottom wall with a liquid-receiving upper surface, and openings which feed liquid into a deceleration space located between the bottom wall of the prebox and the deck of the pan. The openings in the prebox bottom wall are horizontally displaced from the outlet openings of the deck.

Abstract: A method and on board apparatus to recycle gasoline vapor emissions from the head space of a motor vehicle gasoline tank during refueling and operation of the vehicle. The apparatus comprises a canister to collect and store gasoline vapor from the head space and a vapor fan and sparger combination to retrieve vapor driven from the canister during a heating cycle and to dissolve the vapor in the liquid gasoline in the tank. The canister includes an adsorbent to separate the vapor from air and a vent valve to release air from the canister. Inside the canister is a ceramic heater, a temperature sensor and an adsorbed vapor sensor. A water drain permits condensed moisture to be released from the canister. The sparger comprises a microscopically porous body having a plurality of relatively large blind passages therein, the sparger body being entirely immersed in the liquid gasoline.

Abstract: A vaporizing nozzle comprises a wall of porous material, for example sintered bronze, through which the liquid to be evaporated percolates. The liquid may be, for example, petrol. At the other side of the wall the liquid atomizes or vaporizes into a gas stream, for example an air stream. The nozzle therefore provides a simple and convenient way of vaporizing or atomizing a liquid within a gas stream in, for example, the vaporization of petrol into an air stream for use with internal combustion engines. The nozzle includes selectively closed machined portions for altering the flow characteristics of the material.

Abstract: A variable capacity evaporative humidifier includes a housing, evaporative media disposed within the housing, and variable bypass apparatus for diverting a portion of the flow of air through the housing away from the evaporative media, such that the rate of moisture added to the flow of air through the housing is variable by selecting the relative proportions of air flowing through the evaporative media and the bypass passageway. Deflector panels disposed downstream of the evaporative media and damper blades disposed within the bypass apparatus intermix the bypass airstream with the humidifier airstream, thereby avoiding stratification.

Abstract: An air pollution prevention device that is designed in the preferred embodiment to operate downstream from an existing muffler. The device comprises an oil filled lower chamber with turbulence causing means such as plastic netting through which the exhaust gasses pass. Two upper chambers having turbulence causing means such as steel wool receive the gasses and oil from the lower chamber. The particulate matter in the gasses is coated with oil and being heavier than the exhaust gas will drop out of the exhaust gas and run into the lower oil chamber where it can be periodically removed along with the oil when clean oil is added to the device.

Abstract: An improved odor control device including a source of deodorizing olfactory stimuli, a squirrel cage fan for circulating air carrying the stimuli, an electronic circuit providing a visual indicia relating to the status of the power source. A secondary circuit controls indicia means for indicating the elapse of a predetermined span of time from initilization of control of one such span of time for the purpose of alerting the user to examine and/or replace the olfactory stimuli.

Abstract: Redistribution devices in a packed column are provided for mixing and redistribution of both downflowing liquid and upflowing vapor to reduce liquid to vapor concentration gradients. In one form, the vapor is redistributed by first risers directing vapor streams outwardly toward the column and second risers located adjacent the column solely directing vapor streams toward the column center.

Abstract: A vapor distribution device for installation inside a vessel at the outlet of conduit means, a packed bed tower employing said vapor distribution device, and a method of sizing said vapor distribution device are disclosed. The present invention provides uniform vapor flow distribution across the vessel diameter.