Abstract: An improvement for internal combustion engine carburetors of the variable diffuser type with a sonic throat, the diffuser having a circular intake passage leading to an obstacle in the form of a body of revolution of maximum diameter appreciably larger than the intake passage, coaxial with the passage and axially adjustable to form, with a fixed divergent circular wall prolonging the intake passage of the carburetor barrel, a circular divergent sonic-flow nozzle, the annular throat of which is formed between the intake passage and the nearest surface of the adjustable obstacle.

Abstract: A flow device and method delivers a gaseous medium to utilization equipment having variable pressure conditions at its intake. A gaseous medium intake zone connects with structure defining a variable area throat zone for constricting the flow of the gaseous medium to increase its velocity to sonic. Wall structure downstream from the throat zone provides a gradually diverging zone for efficiently recovering the kinetic energy of the high velocity gaseous medium as static pressure. Perforations are provided in the wall structure downstream and spaced from the throat zone, and these perforations connect on the back side of the wall structure with the intake of the utilization equipment. When supersonic flow occurs the high velocity mass moving past the perforations pulls a small portion of the gaseous medium already delivered to the intake of the utilization equipment into the gradually diverging zone.

Abstract: A combustible mixture of air and minute fuel droplets is produced for supply to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. This mixture is formed by accurately controlling both the atomization of fuel and the mass flow rate of air over substantially the entire operating range of the engine. These controls are accomplished by introducing liquid fuel into a stream of intake air and uniformly distributing the fuel in the air followed by passing the air and fuel mixture through a constricted zone to increase the velocity of the mixture to sonic. The sonic velocity air at the constricted zone divides the fuel into minute droplets that are uniformly entrained throughout the air stream. The area of the constricted zone and the quantity of fuel introduced are adjustably varied in correlation with operating demands imposed upon the engine.

Abstract: A variable venturi carburetor is disclosed which has side walls that simultaneously are moved toward and away from one another to increase the size of the throat of the venturi as the engine speed increases and decrease the size of the throat as the engine speed decreases to provide a desirable constant air-to-fuel ratio to the engine over a range of engine speeds.

Abstract: A fluid jet type of carburetor, namely one in which a jet of fuel passes across the combustion air path and has some of the fuel entrained by the passing combustion air and the rest of the fuel recycled, includes means for concentrating the flow of combustion air at the zone of fuel/air mixing where the jet of fuel is exposed to the combustion air. Increasing the degree of concentration of the combustion air at the mixing zone enriches the mixture, and vice versa.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying aerosol fuel particles uniformly mixed with air to utilizer, as an internal combustion engine or burner. The apparatus has several fuel mixing and atomizing nozzles operable to mix one or more liquid hydrocarbon fuels and discharge the fuels through orifices in small fuel particles of uniform size. The fuel particles are mixed with air and flow through a pair of venturi throats with converging inlet walls and diverging outlet walls. The velocity of the air and fuel particles flowing through the venturi throats is at or above the speed of sound. The fuel particles are finely divided into particles between 0.5 and 1.5 micron in diameter as they move through the turbulent inlet and outlet interfaces of the air flowing through the nozzle throats at sonic and supersonic velocities and are evenly distributed into the air. The length or major dimension of one of the venturi throats is regulated with a baffle in accordance with the speed requirements of the engine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for uniformly distributing fuel into the cylinders of an internal combustion engine by introducing fuel into a variable area, sonic flow, convergent-divergent nozzle type carburetor at a location below the throat in close proximity to the shock wave and always within a narrow width axially extending zone that during sonic flow engine conditions in the passage provides good fuel spray characteristics without flow separation from the walls of the passage regardless of the changes in manifold vacuum level or flow area of the nozzle.

Abstract: A flow homogenizer for an internal combustion engine which can be used as a carburetor or as a booster for a carburetor. The homogenizing unit includes a hollow housing open at both sides. One tube extends through the wall of the housing and is adapted to be connected to a fuel source. A second tube is concentrically mounted on the first tube in tight fitting relationship while being able to rotate about the first tube. The first tube contains at least one slot and the second tube a plurality of holes in a predetermined arrangement and positioned so that as the second tube rotates relative to the first tube the number of holes exposed to each slot is changed thereby controlling the size of opening for fuel to flow through the holes into the housing. A damping member is mounted on the second tube in the housing to rotate therewith. The damping member has a recess in a surface portion thereof to expose the openings in the second tube and to open the passageway through the housing from end to end.

Abstract: An automatic control system for supplying a fuel-air mixture to an internal combustion engine including a variable-Venturi carburetor. Air is fed into the input of the Venturi, the air passing through the throat thereof whose effective area is adjusted by a mechanism operated by a servo motor. Fuel is fed into the input of the Venturi from a fuel reservoir through a main path having a fixed orifice and an auxiliary path formed by a metering valve operated by an auxiliary fuel-control motor. The differential air pressure developed between the inlet of the Venturi and the throat thereof is sensed to produce an air-velocity command signal that is applied to a controller adapted to compare the command signal with the servo motor set point to produce an output for governing the servo motor to cause it to seek a null point, thereby defining a closed process control loop.

Abstract: Disclosed is a variable venturi type carburetor which is provided with a suction piston movable in a direction perpendicular to an air flow, in accordance with changes in the air flow, so as to vary the area of a venturi opening formed between the bottom end of the suction piston and a wall of the carburetor body facing the bottom end of the suction piston, for maintaining the speed of the air flow passing through the venturi opening substantially constant. The suction piston has a hole formed therein communicating the venturi opening with a suction chamber in which the suction piston is moved. The carburetor has a spring for urging the suction piston, but does not have any oil damper within the suction chamber. The shape of the venturi opening is so arranged that the increase of the area of the venturi opening in accordance with the displacement of the suction piston is gradually increased.

Abstract: A variable Venturi, condition responsive, carburetor wherein a throttle linkage operated movable Venturi element cooperates with a fixed annular Venturi element such that the amount of fuel flow through the carburetor is regulated by the position of the movable Venturi element and an annular Venturi passage. Fuel flow for the engine at idle by-passes the Venturi, flow for normal driving speeds is proportioned by the position of the movable Venturi element and fuel flow for high speed engine operation is provided through the movable Venturi element in accordance with the position of the movable element in the carburetor.

Abstract: The dust removal plant is comprised of a fan with adjustable guide vanes and a ring gap scrubber with adjustable gap width. A first feedback loop controls the scrubber operation through gap width control for maintaining a constant residual dust content of the gas as discharged, a second feedback loop keeps the pressure constant at the scrubber intake by adjusting the guide vanes. Both feedback loops reduce the power consumption of the fan for periods of low dust development. The apparatus is explained with reference to cleaning of smoke gas discharged from a blowing steel converter.

Abstract: Stack gas is first passed through a coarse-particle separator and then a prescrubbing tower. Then this gas, which is under pressure, is passed through a pair of differential-pressure (annular-gap) washers. The output side of one of the washers is connected directly to a droplet separator at the output of the system. The outlet of the other washer is connected through a turbine driving an electric generator and having its output side in turn connected to the droplet separator. The control body of at least the washer which is connected directly to the droplet separator is adjustable so as to maintain a constant backpressure in the system at the blast furnace from which the stack gas comes. The washer connected to the turbine is set up to pass at least four times as much of the gas as the other washers so that most of the gas passes through the turbine, undergoing a pressure drop that is transformed into the work of driving the turbine and generates electricity.

Abstract: A venturi scrubber for the scrubbing of an inlet gas stream with a scrubbing liquid or slurry, to remove gaseous or vaporous components from the gas stream, or to remove entrained solid particulate or discrete liquid droplet (fog or mist) constituents, and thereby to prevent air pollution and/or to recover the component or constituent. The venturi scrubber has an adjustable throat characterized by the provision of structure to adjust the cross-sectional dimension of the gas passage at or adjacent to the throat section. The structure includes at least one movable baffle at the periphery of the gas passage, and a container.

Abstract: A throttle body assembly wherein a pair of throttle blades are counter-rotatably mounted in the induction passage and define at their juxtaposition venturi sections whose size is variable in accordance with the degree of rotation of the throttle blades. The blades are peripherally sealed with respect to the walls of the induction passage by means of wiper type seals affixed to each blade as well as by caged roller type seals.

Abstract: A carburetor which comprises a casing, an air inlet at the upper end thereof and an air-fuel mixture discharge at the lower end thereof, with a venturi throat located downwardly of said inlet, a sonic throat below said venturi throat, and a diffuser section interconnecting the sonic throat and the discharge. Portions of the wall of the sonic throat are provided with a plurality of indentations, projections, or surface irregularities for stabilizing the flow therethrough and conducing to the uniformity of the air-fuel mixture. At least one portion of said sonic throat is movable with respect to the fixed portions of said throat for altering the cross-section thereof responsive to fuel requirements for combustion. One form of the invention embodies a plug vertically shiftable by a control shaft, having a fuel chamber with emission ports to the interior of the casing whereby said plug acts as an accelerator pump.

Abstract: A scrubber for blast furnace gas has a primary purifying unit and a secondary purifying and pressure adjusting unit in series with the primary unit. The primary purifying unit includes venturi having a divergent-constant diameter-convergent core in which the gas experiences a pressure loss and is subjected to a first washing with water. The secondary purifying unit comprises a multi-stage venturi including a first stage having a constant-diameter annular passage, followed by a diffuser section and at least one adjustable stage in series with the first stage which defines an annular passage of variable size.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling of carburation for an internal combustion engine in which the constriction to draw fuel into the air stream is controlled by a mechanism which controls the position of the constricting members proportionately to the speed of the output of the engine. The fuel supply is also controlled in proportion to the degree of constriction.

Abstract: A variable stage type carburetor has a vane controller adapted to forcibly bias a vane to a smaller opening degree when a throttle valve has been opened nearly to the maximum opening degree and, accordingly, the venturi vacuum is small. Between a limiting lever connected to a diaphragm of the vane controller and an interlocking lever connected to the vane, provided is an interlocking spring for affording a relative movement between the vane and the throttle valve. The interlocking spring can be deflected with a reduced force when the throttle valve has been opened nearly to the maximum opening degree.

Abstract: A carburetor for internal combustion engines having a housing including a generally discoidal wall and a hub extending axially from the central portion thereof, an air valve having a relatively flat radially extending surface directed toward and concentric with said discoidal wall and with a central conoidal portion having its apex directed toward the interior of said hub portion. The housing wall and the radially extending surface of the valve define an air passage converging radially inwardly to form an annular valving construction and thence diverge into the interior of said hub. The hub includes an annular fuel passage terminating at its upper end in a circumferential series of micro-passages for directing liquid fuel uniformly distributed into said air passage substantially at said valving constriction at right angles to the direction of air flow.

Abstract: A carburetion system for supplying a fuel-air mixture to an internal combustion engine in a manner maintaining a desired ratio of fuel-to-air under varying conditions of operation to improve fuel economy and minimize the emission of pollutants. The system includes a carburetor having a tubular variable-Venturi structure whose effective cross-sectional areas are circular or annular, the converging inlet to the throat of the Venturi and the diverging outlet thereof having a configuration free of discontinuities regardless of the effective throat area. The Venturi areas and throat are varied by a control motor as a function of air flow that changes with engine demand. The fuel fed into the carburetor at the varying throat is metered by a valve whose effective orifice is varied by the motor concurrently with the change in Venturi throat area to maintain the desired ratio.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided wherein organic reactant is sulfonated by injecting it into a stream of gas comprising sulfur trioxide, at a venturi, and the resulting reaction mixture is quenched with a stream of cooled, recycled reaction product immediately downstream of the venturi in a conduit in which particles of reaction mixture are agglomerated into a film of the recycle stream and in which additional sulfonation reaction occurs.

Abstract: A separate throttle within each of a pair of air inlet passages for an automobile internal combustion engine comprises a variable restriction diffuser designed for sonic velocity gas flow through its region of maximum restriction throughout substantially the entire operating range of the engine. The diffuser in one of the pair of passages comprises a movable orifice member and a fixed closure member. The diffuser in the other of said passages comprises a fixed orifice member and a movable closure member.

Abstract: A variable stage type carburetor having a throttle valve and a movable venturi vane cooperative with the throttle valve. This carburetor further includes a negative pressure responsive device for forcedly shifting the venturi vane in a direction to be closed, irrespective of an opening of the throttle valve, when the negative pressure in the venturi portion is lowered to less than a given value, and an accelerator pump for additionally supplying fuel to an intake passage commensurate to the opening action of the throttle valve. The accelerator pump is effectively operated when the opening of the throttle valve remains at an angle no more than a given degree, while the negative pressure responsive device is effectively operated, when the opening of the throttle valve is at an angle no less than a given degree.

Abstract: A variable-venturi nozzle for the measurement and regulation of flows in gas conduits, in particular in internal combustion engine intakes, wherein at least one wall element in the zone of the venturi throat thereof is in the form of at least one elastic wall deformable under the action of the pressure of a control fluid.

Abstract: A carburetor for gasoline internal combustion engines includes a generally cylindrical housing having a mixing channel defined by a wall converging to a point of minimum housing diameter and a wall diverging from the point of minimum diameter, an intake air receiving section and a lower section from which the liquid fuel-air mixture is discharged to the cylinders. At least twelve radially spaced liquid fuel supply ports are formed in the mixing chamber immediately below the point of minimum opening. A regulating member formed generally of two frusto-conical sections arranged with their bases end-to-end is mounted for longitudinal movement within the housing. The upper section of the regulating member deflects the intake air toward a gradually enlarging constricted zone which is defined by the upper section of the regulating member and the diverging wall of the mixing chamber and wherein the liquid fuel is mixed with and atomized by the intake air.

Abstract: A combination fuel introduction, distribution and air shaping device is provided for a fuel carburetion system of an internal combustion engine. The distributor is elongated and of generally inverted tear-drop cross-section. Fuel discharge openings are spaced longitudinally near or at the bottom of the distributor. The distributor extends across the intake air duct of an air-fuel mixing and modulating device that is adapted to deliver a mixture of finely divided fuel droplets in air to the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The body of the distributor divides the intake air flow into two converging air streams which entrain the fuel as liquid droplets sweeping it from a helically coiled wire extending along the downstream side of the distributor and uniformly distributing the droplets in the air streams.

Abstract: A variable Venturi carburetor having a Venturi portion defined by movable members which are linked with and driven by an accelerating pedal so as to vary the area of its throat opening in accordance with a required engine output power thereby establishing air flow through the Venturi throat at the acoustic speed for the most part of the engine operational region. In high load operation wherein the acoustic speed is not maintained at the Venturi throat, fuel pressure is modified to compensate therefor.

Abstract: Stack gas is first passed through a coarse-particle separator and then a prescrubbing tower. Then this gas, which is under pressure, is passed through a pair of differential-pressure (annular-gap) washers. The output side of one of the washers is connected directly to a droplet separator at the output of the system. The outlet of the other washer is connected through a turbine driving an electric generator and having its output side in turn connected to the droplet separator. The control body of at least the washer which is connected directly to the droplet separator is adjustable so as to maintain a constant backpressure in the system at the blast furnace from which the stack gas comes. The washer connected to the turbine is set up to pass at least four times as much of the gas as the other washers so that most of the gas passes through the turbine, undergoing a pressure drop that is transformed into the work of driving the turbine and generates electricity.

Abstract: In a carburetor as for a vehicle engine, the carburetor having a throttle body with an induction passage therethrough defined in part by a two-dimensional variable rectangular nozzle having a pair of plane parallel opposite walls and a pair of convergent-divergent contoured walls, one of the contoured walls being mounted to an upstream pivot shaft and actuated by an accelerator pedal operatively connected thereto for pivotal movement relative to the other contoured wall and, a fuel injector means pivotably supported by the pivot shaft and having its fuel discharge means positioned to discharge fuel into the induction passage upstream of the throat of the nozzle, the fuel injector means being operatively linked by a fuel injector positioner linkage to the movable contoured wall so that its angular movement is one-half the angular movement of the movable contoured wall.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning the exhaust gas of a high-pressure blast furnace comprises a coarse-particle separator, a prewasher and a differential-pressure annular gap washer traversed in succession by the gases. The exhaust gases can be passed through a main duct provided with an expansion turbine or through a bypass duct around the expansion turbine. The expansion turbine unit controls the back pressure at the blast furnace while a separate control circuit is provided to operate the differential-pressure washer with optimum efficiency. A quick-closing valve in the turbine-supply line and a quick-opening valve in the bypass line permits rapid switchover, a pressure-control valve in the bypass line maintains a constant backpressure at the blast furnace when the expansion turbine unit is shut down.

Abstract: A combination fuel introduction, distribution and air shaping device is provided for a fuel carburetion system of an internal combustion engine. The distributor is elongated and of generally inverted tear-drop cross-section. Fuel discharge openings are spaced longitudinally near or at the bottom of the distributor. Spaced-apart teeth aligned with the fuel openings or other means to prevent liquid bridging and depend from the bottom or discharge side of the distributor. The distributor extends across the intake air duct of an air-fuel mixing and modulating device that is adapted to deliver a mixture of finely divided fuel droplets in air to the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The body of the distributor divides the intake air flow into two converging air streams which entrain the fuel as liquid droplets sweeping it from the downstream side of the distributor and uniformly distributing the droplets in the air streams.

Abstract: A wet gas venturi scrubber having a rotor for selectively adjusting the cross-sectional area of the venturi throat to suit different operating requirements and conditions. The rotor is disposed directly in the throat and includes a plurality of spaced parallel members secured to a transverse adjustment shaft and adapted to be shifted into any selected position between a first position wherein the members are parallel with the direction of flow and a second position wherein such members traverse the direction of flow.

Abstract: A downdraft type carburetor having essentially conventional idle speed and main fuel metering systems has a throttle body or plug movable within a fixed area venturi to provide sonic flow at idle and part throttle operations; the plug is slidably mounted on a fuel tube extension of a centrally located main fuel discharge snout, and discharges fuel into a high velocity constricted area or throat formed between the plug and fixed area venturi.

Abstract: A Venturi apparatus and method used with a cyclone separator to separate particulates, fumes and waste gases from gas, as air. The apparatus has a housing having a generally rectangular chamber through which the gas and particulates flow. The housing has converging side walls forming an elongated rectangular Venturi throat. Plates movably located in the chamber between the side walls are spaced from each other to control the length of the Venturi throat. Controls connected to the plates are operable to move the plates relative to each other to change the length of the Venturi throat. The width of the Venturi throat is determined by the spacing of the side walls and is not changed by movement of the plates.

Abstract: A twin air valve carbureter has a single bar which extends diametrically across the two draught tubes upstream thereof, and two air valve flaps which are mounted on opposite sides of the bar, so as to extend across both draught tubes, and are hinged at their ends remote from the bar. Both the flaps co-operate with the bar to define a throat of variable area. The fuel discharge ports are formed in the bar and comprise outwardly-divergent slot ports. A depression responsive fluid pressure motor is linked to each of the flaps to provide compensation for the effect of the reduction of the effective area of each flap as that flap opens. A novel linkage is disclosed for linking a fuel metering needle to one of the flaps.

Abstract: Stack gas is first passed through a coarse-particle separator and then a prescrubbing tower. Then this gas, which is under pressure, is passed through a pair of Venturi washers. The output side of one of the washers is connected directly to a droplet separator at the output of the system. The outlet of the other Venturi washer is connected through a turbine driving an electric generator and having its output side in turn connected to the droplet separator. The control body of at least the washer which is connected directly to the droplet separator is adjustable so as to maintain a constant back pressure in the system at the blast furnace from which the stack gas comes. The Venturi washer connected to the turbine is set up to pass at least four times as much of the gas as the other Venturi washers so that most of the gas passes through the turbine, undergoing a pressure drop that is transformed into the work of driving the turbine and generates electricity.

Abstract: A sonic flow-type carburetor having a variable area venturi defined by a conical air nozzle receiving axially within a movable matching conically-shaped plug to define a constricted annular variable area or zone between through which air flows at sonic velocity over a large portion of the operating range of the engine, the plug shape defining a diffuserless nozzle to locate the point of maximum flow velocity at the manifold edge of the plug for better atomization of the fuel and uniform distribution into the air stream for flow into the manifold, the plug having an annular fuel induction port opening into the zone and connected by conduit means to an induction-type fuel supply slot by an overlapping christmas tree-shaped slot, air also being variably supplied to the conduit means as a function of engine operation to vary the fuel induction signal and, therefore, the overall air/fuel ratio of the mixture flow to the engine.

Abstract: A gas-scrubbing apparatus for treating contaminated gas with a liquid to remove particulates and other impurities. Liquid is discharged radially outwardly from a central nozzle or jet and is directed between a pair of upper and lower walls which converge radially outwardly, and then diverge radially outwardly, to define an annular venturi. Gas flowing upwardly through a central opening in the lower wall passes outwardly through the venturi where it intimately mixes with the liquid discharged from the nozzle. In one embodiment, the upper wall has a trough-shaped upper surface communicating directly with the throat of the venturi for introducing recirculated liquid into the liquid-gas mixture flowing outwardly through the venturi.

Abstract: In a carburetor having an induction passage, a variable venturi in the induction passage, a fuel bowl and means for metering fuel flow from the fuel bowl to the induction passage, the method of compensating for changes in barometric pressure due to either atmospheric or altitude changes is disclosed as applying a vacuum or reduced pressure to the interior of the fuel bowl thereby reducing the fuel pressure which would otherwise exist, and causing a corresponding reduction in the mass rate of fuel flow in relation to the volume rate of air flow generally in accordance with a reduction in ambient pressure.

Abstract: A combustible air-liquid fuel mixture having a substantially constant air-to-fuel ratio is produced for delivery to the intake manifold of an engine. Air is passed through a fluid flow device having a variable area throat zone to increase the velocity of the air to sonic, and the area of the throat zone is varied in correlation with operating demands imposed upon the engine for which the mixture is produced. Liquid fuel is metered from a supply into the air stream at or before the throat zone in direct proportion to the cross-sectional area of the throat zone. The pressure of the high velocity air stream is sensed at a point where it bears a predictable relationship to atmospheric pressure, and the rate of fuel delivered into the air stream is adjusted in response to changes in the air pressure sensed so that the air-to-fuel ratio of the mixture is maintained substantially constant.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for continuous injection of fuel into the induction tube of an internal combustion engine. The induction tube includes adjacent convergent and divergent regions. A throttling element, composed of two conical parts with adjoining bases forms a narrow, annular aperture in cooperation with the diverging region of the induction tube. The throttling element can slide along its axis and its position determines the setting of a control slide within a fuel metering valve assembly which relates the metered out fuel quantity to the air flow through the narrow annular aperture. A bellows mechanism and a lever limit the axial excursion of the throttle element so as to maintain a minimum vacuum in the induction tube. The system also includes a gas-pedal linked cam plate which sets the location of the fulcrum for the limiting lever.

Abstract: Discharge velocity of the air-fuel mixture being supplied through a variable venturi flow passage device to an internal combustion engine at idle to near idle operation of the engine is optimized by controllably varying the area ratio between the throat and exit planes of the device. Opposite jaw faces of the device define the flow passage that is gradually opened and closed in correlation to demand imposed on the engine between idle and full throttle operation. Area ratio control in one form is achieved by apparatus operative to selectively vary the diffuser angle between the opposing jaw faces. Area ratio control in another form is achieved by apparatus operative to effect a localized passage opening at idle of selectively different aspect ratio than the aspect ratio defined over the full longitudinal extent of the jaw faces.

Abstract: A carburetor for use in combination with an internal combustion engine has a body with an induction passage formed therethrough; a variable venturi within the induction passage is effective for variably determining the opening of a venturi throat defined thereby; and a throttle valve situated in the induction passage downstream of the variable venturi is operatively connected to the variable venturi for positioning the variable venturi generally in accordance with the position of the throttle valve.

Abstract: A variable area venturi carburetor has the cold engine cranking and running circuits integrated with the venturi valve circuit, to simplify the construction as compared to known carburetors of this type in which the circuits are independent, the integration being provided by an articulated linkage moving the venturi valve in response to engine manifold vacuum changes, the carburetor having an auxiliary air and fuel passage also controlled by manifold vacuum during cold engine operation to provide controlled air and the extra fuel required for cold cranking and running, and shutting down of the extra fuel supply and opening the air supply when the engine reaches the normal operating temperature.

Abstract: A variable area venturi type carburetor has a movable wall that varies the venturi area. A fuel flow metering valve moves with the wall and has a flow splitter land straddled by a fuel inlet port to proportion flow of fuel under pressure to opposite sides of the land, part of the flow supplying fuel tubes to discharge fuel adjacent the venturi throat, with the remaining proportion of fuel being returned to the pump, the proportions varying as a function of the position of the splitter land and the shape of the inlet port traversed by the splitter land.