Abstract: Chemically or biochemically active agents or other species are patterned on a substrate surface by providing a micromold having a contoured surface and forming, on a substrate surface, a chemically or biochemically active agent or fluid precursor of a structure. A chemically or biochemically active agent or fluid precursor also can be transferred from indentations in an applicator to a substrate surface. The substrate surface can be planar or non-planar. Fluid precursors of polymeric structures, inorganic ceramics and salts, and the like can be used to form patterned polymeric articles, inorganic salts and ceramics, reactive ion etch masks, etc. at the surface. The articles can be formed in a pattern including a portion having a lateral dimension of less than about 1 millimeter or smaller. The indentation pattern of the applicator can be used to transfer separate, distinct chemically or biochemically active agents or fluid precursors to separate, isolated regions of a substrate surface.

Abstract: An optical fiber diffusion system and a method of manufacturing an optical fiber diffusion device that has a precisely-controlled emission region are disclosed. An optical fiber diffusion device is produced by subjecting a light emission region of an optical fiber to a series of controlled cycles of stress, heating, elongation and cooling, resulting in a pattern of deformation and modification of the fiber and cladding.

Abstract: A taper angle of a self-written optical waveguide to be formed is increased or decreased at a desired position. A range of light (aperture number) condensed by a focusing lens 31 is adjusted by an iris diaphragm 22? in which the hole diameter can be changed from 1 mm to 12 mm. An image of the self-written optical waveguide 51 being fabricated is taken with a CCD camera 70, and image processing of the image is executed in real time by an image processing device 71. The taper angle of the self-written optical waveguide 51 is measured, and the taper angle of the self-written optical waveguide 51 can be desirably increased or decreased by changing the diameter of iris diaphragm 22?.

Abstract: A method of fabricating Fiber Bragg gratings in a micro/nanofiber using ultrashort pulse irradiation, the method includes elongating and flame-brushing a single mode optical fiber to create a micro/nanofiber, and generating the ultrashort pulse irradiation to induce a plurality of refractive index changes at predetermined intervals within the micro/nanofiber, wherein the ultrashort pulse propagates through a focusing element and a diffractive element prior to propagating on the micro/nanofiber.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention include composite articles having specific optical properties. In one embodiment of this invention, a composite comprises high and low refractive index light transmitting material and surface relief features. In further embodiments, the composite comprises volumetric dispersed phase domains that may be asymmetric in shape. In one embodiment of this invention, the composite is an optical film providing light collimating features along two orthogonal planes perpendicular to the surface of the film. In another embodiment, the composite has improved optical, thermal, mechanical, or environmental properties. In further embodiments of this invention, the composite is manufactured by optically coupling or extruding two or more light transmitting materials, and forming inverted light collimating surface relief features or light collimating surface relief features.

Abstract: A system for forming an optical trap comprising two or more photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) and at least one source of radiation for inputting radiation to the photonic crystal fibers, the fibers being operable to provide counter-propagating outputs for forming the optical trap.

Abstract: An electromagnetic and/or chemical enhancement which greatly enhances the Raman signal response for Surface Enhanced Raman is directed to molecular probe systems. Such molecular probe systems have many properties that make them ideal as probes for Scanning Probe Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and many other applications.

Abstract: A light guide plate is manufactured by applying an embossing assembly. The embossing assembly includes a roller and an embossing layer applied on the roller. The embossing assembly is formed by electroforming embossing micro-structures on the outer surface of the embossing layer to an embossing substrate and embossing micro-structures on a surface thereof.

Abstract: An optical fiber with long period fiber gratings includes an optical fiber axis, a core region extending along the fiber axis, the core region having a core refractive index, a cladding region surrounding the core region, the cladding having a cladding refractive index, and a plurality of microholes perpendicular to the fiber axis with a portion of the core region removed, the plurality of microholes are spaced apart by a grating period.

Abstract: Surface plasmon generation on a metal or semiconductor layer at an outer surface of an optical waveguide, using light reflected or scattered from inside the optical waveguide. One aspect provides a main optical waveguide (11) (e.g. optical fibre) having a second optical waveguide (18) adhered thereto, the second optical waveguide including an optically transparent material (610) separating two surface plasmon supporting layers (600, 620). Another aspect provides a surface plasmon supporting layer of material(s) adhered to the main optical waveguide, the layer having photo-induced regions of material compaction. The regions of compaction may cause un-inscribed refractive index modulations in the main optical waveguide. The surface plasmons are coupled to the guided mode(s) in the main optical waveguide. Surface plasmon resonance depends on sample material in contact with an outermost surface plasmon supporting layer.

Abstract: A composite structure for storing thermal energy. In one embodiment, an apparatus for storing thermal energy includes: a thermal storage material and a three-dimensional structure. The three-dimensional structure includes: a plurality of first truss elements defined by a plurality of first self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a first direction; a plurality of second truss elements defined by a plurality of second self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a second direction; and a plurality of third truss elements defined by a plurality of third self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a third direction. The first, second, and third truss elements interpenetrate each other at a plurality of nodes to form a continuous material. The first, second, and third truss elements define an open space. The thermal storage material occupies at least a portion of the open space, and the three-dimensional structure is self-supporting.

Abstract: A voltage is applied on an interdigitated electrode provided on one main face of a single-domain ferroelectric single crystal substrate to form a periodic domain inversion structure. The interdigitated electrode is then removed. The optical waveguide is then formed in the substrate. An optical intensity center P1 of the optical waveguide is kept away from a location P0 of the end of the interdigitated electrode.

Abstract: According to the electronic apparatus and cellular phone of the present invention, in an optical waveguide forming body of a flexible cable, an air layer is provided in a deforming section which experiences bending deformation as a result of the movement of a second body relative to a first body (either a pivoting or sliding movement), and the position of this air layer becomes located on the outer circumferential side of a core when the deforming section undergoes bending deformation. As a result of this, it is possible to ensure sufficient flexibility and to also achieve a sufficient improvement in the folding endurance of the core portion for this optical waveguide forming body to be utilized in practical applications. Moreover, it is possible to suppress light loss and achieve high-speed, large-capacity transmissions even when the optical waveguide forming body of a flexible cable experiences bending deformation due to the relative movement of the second body relative to the first body.

Abstract: An optical fiber having excellent strength that can be manufactured at low cost, as well as a method for making such optical fiber, is provided. An optical fiber 1 is a silica-based optical fiber comprising a core 11, an optical cladding 12 surrounding the core 11, and a jacketing region 13 surrounding the optical cladding 12 and having a uniform composition throughout from the internal circumference to the outer circumference. A compressive strained layer having a residual compressive stress is provided at the outermost circumference of the jacketing region 13.

Abstract: An arrayed waveguide grating includes: at least one first waveguide; a first slab waveguide connected to the at least one first waveguide; a plurality of second waveguides; a second slab waveguide connected to the plurality of second waveguides; and an arrayed waveguide. The arrayed waveguide includes: M channel waveguides connected between the first slab waveguide and the second slab waveguide, wherein M is a natural number; and a phase correcting portion configured to provide a predetermined phase to at least a part of the M channel waveguides by one or both of a width and a length of the at least the part of the M channel waveguides being changed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light guide for a backlight module in a liquid crystal display module is provided. The method includes the following steps: providing a foil; and pressing the foil at a first temperature above a glass transition temperature of a material of the foil to form a thickness profile of the light guide.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a process for making a tooling that may subsequently be used to make a microstructured article. The process detailed herein describes the formation of microstructured tooling structures in patterns to form microstructured arrays on a substrate to create the master tool. The process comprises providing a partially transparent substrate coated with a photo-polymerizable liquid on a first surface of the substrate. The master tool created can subsequently be used to fashion replication tools which in turn can be used to make light guides.

Abstract: A process for making a stimuli responsive liquid crystal-polymer composite fiber comprising mixing a liquid crystal, a polymer, and a solvent; processing the mixture in the presence of an electric potential across a collection distance; phase separating a polymer and said liquid crystal; and encapsulating said liquid crystal within said polymer. The fiber generally comprises a liquid crystal core and a polymer shell wherein the liquid crystal is responsive to chemical changes, thermal and mechanical effects, as well as electrical and magnetic fields. A liquid crystal containing fiber can be utilized as optical fibers, in textiles, and in optoelectronic devices.

Abstract: An optical fiber that concurrently satisfies G.657 and G.652 standards comprises a core region and a cladding region configured to support and guide the propagation of light in a fundamental transverse mode, the cladding region including (i) an outer cladding region having a refractive index nout less than the refractive index n1 of the core region, (ii) an inner cladding region have a refractive index n2 less than nout, (iii) a pedestal (or ring) region having a refractive index n4 approximately equal to nout, (iv) an inner trench region disposed between the inner cladding region and the pedestal region, the inner trench region having a refractive index n3 much less than that of the pedestal region, and (iv) an outer trench region disposed between the pedestal region and the outer cladding region, the outer trench region having a refractive index n5 less than that of the pedestal region and relatively close to that of the outer cladding region.

Abstract: Ultra-miniature surface-mountable Fabry-Perot pressure sensor is constructed on an optical fiber which utilizes a 45° angled fiber tip covered with a reflective layer which steers the optical axis of the fiber by 90°. The Fabry-Perot cavity is formed on the sidewall of the fiber and a polymer-metal composite diaphragm is formed on the top of the Fabry-Perot cavity to operate as a pressure transducer. The sensor exhibits a sufficient linearity over the broad pressure range with a high sensitivity. The sensitivity of the sensor may be tuned by controlling the thickness of the diaphragm. The sensor may be used in a wide range of applications, including reliable in vivo low invasive pressure measurements of biological fluids, single sensor systems, as well as integral spatial-division-multiplexing sensor networks. Methods of batch production of uniform device-to-device Fabry-Perot pressure sensors of co-axial and cross-axial configurations are presented.

Abstract: A light guide key plate includes a light guide plate (1). The light guide plate (1) has a plate body (11) with a plurality of keyholes (12). The plate body (11) is formed with flow passages (13) at one side thereof for communicating with the adjacent keyholes (12). The plate body (11) is also formed with overflow grooves (14) at one side thereof with the flow passages (13), and the overflow grooves (14) are extend inwardly from the edge of the plate body (11) and are communicated with the keyholes (12).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a zero-order diffractive filter comprising a high-index material having an upper surface and a lower surface. The high-index material is positioned between a first low-index matter and a second low-index matter; the lower surface is adjacent to said first low-index matter and the upper surface is adjacent to the second low-index matter. Moreover, the high-index material has an index of refraction that is higher than the index of refraction of both said first low-index matter and said second low-index matter. The method comprises at least the following procedure: selectively providing, by employing at least one wet-coating technique, at least one of the following at least partially: the high-index material onto said first low-index matter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board for an optical waveguide, including: a lower substrate; an insulation layer which has a through-hole and is formed on the lower substrate; an optical waveguide which is formed in the through-hole such that a clearance is present between the optical wave guide and an inner wall of the through-hole; and an adhesive material which is charged in the clearance. The printed circuit board for an optical waveguide is advantageous in that a lower clad material, a core material and an upper clad material are sequentially applied on the lower substrate partially, not entirely, based on the region in which a core is formed, and is then patterned to form an optical waveguide, so that the amounts of the lower and upper clad materials and the core material, which are used to form the optical waveguide, can be greatly decreased.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical waveguide which comprise the steps of: filling an ultraviolet curable liquid-state resin 17 to form an over-cladding layer 14 in a concave portion 16 of a die 15; bringing an under-cladding layer 12 and a core 13 into close contact with the ultraviolet curable liquid-state resin 17 filled in the concave portion 16 of the die 15; and irradiating ultraviolet rays 24 from a substrate 11 side after bringing the under-cladding layer 12 into close contact with the die 15 by the application of a pressure 23 onto the substrate 11 and the die 15 to cure the ultraviolet curable liquid-state resin 17 and then removing the die 15.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a photosensitive resin composition for optical waveguide formation, which has low transmission loss and can form a waveguide pattern with high shape accuracy at low cost; an optical waveguide; and a method for producing an optical waveguide. The present invention provides a photosensitive resin composition for optical waveguide formation comprising at least: a polymer containing at least a (meth)acrylate structure unit having an epoxy structure, and a (meth)acrylate structure unit having a lactone structure and/or a vinyl monomer structure unit having an aromatic structure; and a photoacid generator, of which one or both of a core layer and a cladding layer are formed of a cured product.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a property, the apparatus including: an optical fiber having a series of fiber Bragg gratings, each fiber Bragg grating in the series being characterized by a light reflection frequency at which the fiber Bragg grating reflects light; wherein: the light reflection frequency for each fiber Bragg grating is different from the light reflection frequency of each adjacent fiber Bragg grating to minimize resonance of light between at least two of the fiber Bragg gratings in the series; at least two fiber Bragg gratings in the series have light reflection frequencies that overlap; and a change in the light reflection frequency of each fiber Bragg grating in the series is related to the property at the location of the each fiber Bragg grating.

Abstract: An optical fiber 200 with a high thermal resistance fiber Bragg grating (FBG) 130. Compared to existing FBG's, the invention provides greatly enhanced thermal stability, being stable up to 1200° C. The grating reflectivity and resonant wavelength are maintained for extended duration at high temperatures. The FBG is thus suitable in high temperature sensors. The high thermal resistance of the FBG is obtained in a method of pre-annealing the optical fiber 105 at high temperature prior to inscribing the FBG. The high thermal resistance is optionally enhanced in a post-FBG creation step of heat treating the optical fiber 105 and FBG.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical waveguide includes the steps of: A) forming a liquid-state resin mass by adding dropwise a liquid-state resin on an under-cladding layer; B) forming a liquid-state resin layer to cover cores by pressing a mold on the liquid-state resin mass and applying the liquid-state resin to be expanded on the under-cladding layer; and C) curing the liquid-state resin layer and then releasing the mold, wherein the liquid-state resin added dropwise has a viscosity of 500 to 2,000 mPa·s and the rate at which the liquid-state resin is applied to be expanded is 10 to 50 mm/s.

Abstract: An optical fiber 200 with a high thermal resistance fiber Bragg grating (FBG) 130. Compared to existing FBG's, the invention provides greatly enhanced thermal stability, being stable up to 1200° C. The grating reflectivity and resonant wavelength are maintained for extended duration at high temperatures. The FBG is thus suitable in high temperature sensors. The high thermal resistance of the FBG is obtained in a method of pre-annealing the optical fiber 105 at high temperature prior to inscribing the FBG. The high thermal resistance is optionally enhanced in a post-FBG creation step of heat treating the optical fiber 105 and FBG.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical pin-and-socket connector for the detachable connection of a plurality of optical cores (115) having an insert (112, 112?), in which the cores (115) are inserted on a first side, the cores (115) ending in said connector with the optical fibers (119, 120) thereof, and said connector having an expansion device (117, 118) on a second side, on which the beams exit the fibers (119, 120) in an expanded manner. A simplification of the assembly and installation is achieved in that the insert (112, 112?) comprises two separate partial elements (113, 117, 118) that can be assembled, one of which is configured as an expansion device (117, 118) and the other is configured as a retaining block (113) for receiving the ends of the optical cores (115).

Abstract: A waveguide coupling probe (10) for sending light into an optical waveguide on a substrate or for receiving light from an optical waveguide on a substrate is provided, the waveguide coupling probe comprising an optical element (11) for guiding the light in a propagation direction, the optical element (11) having a facet (15) where the light enters or exits the optical element (11) and means for coupling the light between the optical element (11) and the waveguide. A waveguide coupling probe (10) according to the present invention is characterized in that the light coupling means are formed on the facet (15) and comprise a diffraction structure (14). In a preferred embodiment the optical element (11) may be an optical fiber and the diffraction structure may be a strong diffraction structure, e.g. a metal grating structure. When bringing the waveguide coupling probe (10) in the vicinity of a waveguide on a substrate, the light that is guided by the waveguide may be diffracted into the optical element (11).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production process for an optical waveguide comprising a step for forming a photosensitive resin layer comprising a photosensitive resin composition on a substrate, a step for exposing a desired pattern and a step for carrying out development in an alkaline developer containing a divalent or higher-valent metal ion and a production process for an optical waveguide comprising a step for forming a photosensitive resin layer comprising a photosensitive resin composition on a substrate, a step for exposing a desired pattern, a step for carrying out development in an alkaline developer and a step for carrying out washing with a cleaning liquid containing a divalent or higher-valent metal ion or an acid aqueous solution. Capable of being provided are a production process for an optical waveguide which is excellent in a transparency and a reliability and an optical waveguide produced by the above production process.

Abstract: A multi-layer structure and a method for manufacturing the multi-layer structure are provided. The multi-layer structure includes: a waveguide including one or more light coupling regions having a refractive index gradient; at least one organic material based active optical element disposed above the waveguide; wherein the one or more light coupling regions is configured to change characteristics of light propagating in the waveguide; wherein at least one of the one or more light coupling regions is configured to enhance light coupling between the waveguide and the active optical element.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device (10) comprises a planar substrate with a lower cladding layer (14), a core layer (16) and an upper cladding layer (18), a groove (20) in the substrate that extends at least into the core layer (16), and a waveguiding channel (22) in the core layer (16), wherein at least a part of the waveguiding channel (22), which may contain a Bragg grating, is sufficiently proximate to the groove (20) in the plane of the substrate for an evanescent field of light propagating in the waveguiding channel (22) to extend laterally into the groove (20). Material contained in the groove modifies the properties of the waveguiding channel, so that a sample of material can be analysed or an active material can be used to modulate the propagating light. The groove (20) can be made before the waveguide (22). The groove (20) can be made by cutting into the substrate with a saw and the waveguide (22) can be made by direct writing in the core layer (16) with an ultraviolet beam.

Abstract: A multiple-layer fiber-optic sensor is described with dual Bragg gratings in layers of different materials, so that the known temperature and strain response properties of each material may be utilized to simultaneously correct the sensor output for temperature and strain effects.

Abstract: A method of creating optical fiber to exhibit predetermined length-dependent characteristics (e.g., chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, cutoff wavelength, birefringence) includes the steps of: characterizing the fiber's selected characteristic(s) as a function of length; and performing a “treatment” which modifies the refractive index over the given length to adjust the defined parameter to fall within a defined tolerance window. These steps may be repeated one or more times until the measure of the parameter falls with the defined tolerance limits. The treatment process may include, for example, a low energy actinic radiation exposure, anneal, mechanical strain, DC voltage, plasma application, etc. Indeed, if the treatment process is repeated, a different technique may be used to adjust the refractive index (“different” processes include, for example, modifying the strength/time of a UV exposure, temperatures for annealing, etc.).

Abstract: Apparatus (2) comprising a cylindrical substrate (4), and an integrated optical circuit which is provided on the cylindrical substrate and which comprises at least one optical waveguide (6). A process for producing the apparatus (2) is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical fiber based polymer core sensor includes an optical fiber having a core and an end having a cured polymer core affixed to the core of the optical fiber. The cured polymer core extends outward from the end of the optical fiber and has a diameter approximately equal to the core of the optical fiber. Note the cured polymer core can be substantially cylindrical, tapered or geometrically shaped.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of connecting optical fibers. In a first aspect, the method proceeds by using a ferrule device having a passage adapted to apply radial pressure to optically align and hold in position opposed fiber ends, and fusing said fiber ends held by said ferrule device. In another aspect, the method of the present invention uses a ferrule device to optically align without mechanized adjustment and hold in position opposed fiber ends with a gap where said fiber ends meet, where the fibers have a temperature of fusion that is higher than a melting temperature of said ferrule device. The method then transmits radiation directly onto said fiber ends without significant direct transmission onto said ferrule device to generate heat in said fiber ends and fuse said fiber ends held by said ferrule device.

Abstract: An optical waveguide structure has excellent heat resistance and a low water absorbing property and can be manufactured with a low material cost. Such an optical waveguide structure includes: an optical waveguide having two surfaces, a core layer including core portions and cladding portions each having a refractive index lower than that of each of the core portions, the core layer having two surfaces, and cladding layers provided so as to make contact with the two surfaces of the core layer and having a refractive index lower than that of each of the core portions; and conductor layers provided on the two surfaces of the optical waveguide. In the optical waveguide structure, each of the cladding layers is formed of a norbornene-based polymer as a major component thereof.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a biopolymer optical waveguide includes providing a biopolymer, unwinding the biopolymer progressively to extract individual biopolymer fibers, and putting the unwound fibers under tension. The tensioned fibers are then cast in a different polymer to form a biopolymer optical waveguide that guides light due to the difference in indices of refraction between the biopolymer and the different polymer. The optical fibers may be used in biomedical applications and can be inserted in the body as transmissive media. Printing techniques may be used to manufacture the biopolymer optical waveguides.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a process for fabricating a buried optical waveguide, comprising providing a multi-layer piece of material having a waveguide core layer, generating a laser beam and producing by ablation at least two trenches by applying the laser beam onto the multi-layer piece of material. The two trenches extend through the multi-layer piece of material including the core layer. Upon the ablation, melted material from the multi-layer piece is produced and the core layer is encapsulated between the two trenches with the melted material to produce the buried optical waveguide in the multi-layer piece of material.

Abstract: A compact, optically double-ended sensor probes with at least one 180° bend provided in the optical fiber in close proximity to a fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor suspends the optical fiber within a casing in such a way that the expansion and contract of the probe casing will not materially influence the temperature reading of the fiber Bragg grating by adding time varying or temperature varying stress components.

Abstract: A light guide device includes a light guide body and two or more pluralities of spaced-apart slits. The slits are formed by undercuts in the light guide body. Sidewalls of the slits form facets that redirect light impinging on the facets. In some embodiments, the light guide body is attached to a light source. The light source emits light that is injected into the light guide body and the slits redirect the light out of the light guide body and towards a desired target. In some embodiments, the target is a display and a first plurality of slits directs light from the light source across the light guide body and over the face of the display. A second plurality of slits then directs light out of the light guide body and towards the display.

Abstract: A taper angle of a self-written optical waveguide to be formed is increased or decreased at a desired position. A range of light (aperture number) condensed by a focusing lens 31 is adjusted by an iris diaphragm 22? in which the hole diameter can be changed from 1 mm to 12 mm. An image of the self-written optical waveguide 51 being fabricated is taken with a CCD camera 70, and image processing of the image is executed in real time by an image processing device 71. The taper angle of the self-written optical waveguide 51 is measured, and the taper angle of the self-written optical waveguide 51 can be desirably increased or decreased by changing the diameter of iris diaphragm 22?.

Abstract: The invention provides a process of manufacturing an optical waveguide for optically connecting a plurality of optical devices, comprising the steps of: disposing a resin composition between two or more optical devices, the resin composition comprising a resin and a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, forming an optical path through the resin composition between the optical devices by light having a wavelength capable of inducing a structural change in the 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, and removing the 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative from the resulting resin composition. Also disclosed is a connection structure obtained by the process.

Abstract: A method includes: providing an element having mutually exclusive first and second portions with an initial index of refraction; and applying energy to the first portion in a manner causing the index of refraction thereof to change by at least 0.05 in relation to the index of refraction of the second portion. According to one specific approach, the applied energy is laser energy.

Abstract: A process of forming a deflection mirror in a light waveguide with a use of a dicing blade having a cutting end with a flat top cutting face and at least one slanted side cutting face. The process includes a cutting step of cutting a surface of the light waveguide to a depth not greater than a width of the flat top cutting face, thereby forming a groove in the surface of the light waveguide. The groove has a slanted surface which is formed by the slanted cutting face to define the deflection mirror in the waveguide.

Abstract: A hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber polarizer may include a core, an inner cladding surrounding the core, the inner cladding including a plurality of capillaries, and an outer cladding at least partially surrounding the inner cladding. A section of the capillaries distal to the core is asymmetric relative to a section of the capillaries proximal to the core.

Abstract: A method for producing a polymer optical waveguide including: (1) preparing a template that is made of a template forming curable resin and has a concave portion, (2) applying an ozone treatment or irradiating light having a wavelength of 300 nm or less to at least one of a surface of the template having the concave portion and a core formation surface of a cladding film substrate, (3) bringing the cladding film substrate into close contact with the template, (4) filling a core forming curable resin into the concave portion of the template with which the cladding film substrate is in close contact, (5) curing the filled core forming curable resin to form a core, (6) removing the template from the cladding film substrate, and (7) forming a cladding layer on the cladding film substrate on which the core has been formed.