Abstract: Refractory nozzles including a so-called long nozzle, an upper nozzle, a lower nozzle, and an immersion nozzle made from high-alumina refractory material, graphite powder, silica powder and other minor constitutents wherein a major part of the high-alumina refractory material is thermospherized particles of about 0.3 to 3.0 mm in diameter which have good spalling and corrosion resistance. Revolving and rolling ability of the thermospherized particles gives far-reaching capability of pressing force deep into the nozzle center portion during shape-forming by a compaction press. Hence more uniform products can be obtained, and a less expensive unidirectional compaction process can be used instead of a high cost isostatic process for compaction.

Abstract: Fines are reduced in refractory materials by mixing the refractory material with an acid composition in a liquid polar organic compound and thereafter working the mixture until a decrease in volume occurs. The resulting product can be shaped and subjected to conventional finishing treatments. The resulting product exhibits reduced fines and thus is an improved material for use as a catalyst support. The resulting catalyst is of particular utility in the production of film grade ethylene polymer.

Abstract: Persistent chemisorption bonds of clay solids in clay-containing heavy oil and water emulsions, from oil sands, heavy oil or conventional oil wells, are broken down by mixing the emulsion with an aqueous mixture of coal particles so that the mixture has a suspension density in the range 1 to 50 weight % solids. The coal particles have a particle size in the range 5 to 100 .mu.m so that occluded hydrophilic, inorganic solids are separable from a substantial portion of the hydrophobic, carbonaceous substances of the coal. The mixing of the emulsion with the aqueous suspension of coal particles is continued until agglomerates are formed comprising essentially carbonaceous components of the coal and the heavy oil thereby breaking down the chemisorption bonds by interdependantly dissociating carbonaceous components of the coal and heavy oil from the clay solids and other hydrophilic, inorganic solids and water from the coal and heavy oil.

Abstract: A carpet cleaning preparation in the form of a dry cleaning preparation in powder form which contains surfactants, organic solvents and zeolite and which is characterized in that the zeolite is in the form of a porous granulate which is unaffected by the mechanical stresses normally encountered during dry cleaning. The zeolite is preferably in the form of a porous granulate containing less than 2% by weight of particles 0.05 mm and smaller in size and less than 5% by weight of particles larger than 2 mm in size.

Abstract: A pulverulent, water soluble material is agglomerated by projecting the material in a stream through a moistening zone, directing steam or mist towards the stream in the moistening zone so that the stream is surrounded by steam or mist flowing inwardly towards the stream, thereby moistening and fusing the particles, and then drying the material. Particles of the material may be engaged with one another to form chunks before moistening.

Abstract: The specification discloses a system and method for producing a particulate MBOCA product including relatively uniformly sized granules. The system includes a pan granulator, a dust hood enclosing the granulator pan, and a blower for circulating an air stream through the hood to carry away the heat of fusion of the granulation. In a second aspect, the system includes a novel drum charging apparatus having a filler tube extendable into a drum, a dust cup covering the drum opening when the filler tube is inserted therein, and a vacuum for drawing air through the dust cup. Air displaced from the drum and product particles dispersed therein are therefore drawn into the vacuum for subsequent recovery of product particles.

Abstract: Polyester fiberfill having spiral-crimp that is randomly-arranged and entangled in the form of fiberballs with a minimum of hairs extending from their surface, and having a refluffable characteristic similar to that of down on account of the low cohesion between the balls. A process for making such fiberballs by repeatedly air-tumbling small tufts of such fiberfill against the wall of a vessel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for introducing a powdery substance to a particulate material contained within a rotary granulator. The powdery material is contained in a feeding hopper that is positioned above a nozzle that is in communication with a source of compressed air. The compressed air issues from the nozzle and draws from the supply funnel powdery material that is conveyed through a conduit that extends into the rotary granulator and is so oriented as to introduce the powdery material to the particulate material as it is being rotated. The compressed air can be introduced in the form of pulses by periodically interrupting the flow of air to thereby control the apportionment of the powdery substance.

Abstract: In a rotation granulator, the injection nozzles for the powder are provided along the jacket surface of the granulator container over the rotary table, so that the powder will arrive directly in the range of the stronger flow. In order to prevent any interruptions of the operation due to the filter part, a two-chamber system is proposed in which the first and second chambers may be alternately cut off. This makes it possible to operate the installation without any interruption. In order to control the air supply, the rotary table is mounted so that it may be moved up and down, in order that the width of the air gap between the rotary table and the inner wall of the conical casing may be adjusted. Lastly, a device for taking of samples provides a system of sluices or channels by which the low-pressure space of the granulator is actively prevented from being in direct contact with the free atmosphere.

Abstract: A pelletized carbon black having enhanced dispersion properties is prepared by replacing conventional pelletizing binders with a binder material which is thermally stable at the pellet drying temperature, thermally liquefiable at the mixing temperature of the resulting pellet and its end use matrix, and solid at carbon black storage temperature.

Abstract: Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is useful as a tableting and granulating aid for pharmaceutically active agents, especially those which are unstable in the presence of moisture, mixtures therewith being or formable into free-flowing powders or granules which are readily compressible into tablets of improved properties. A preferred method of forming such powders or granules involves mixing the pharmaceutically active agent under substantially anhydrous conditions with molten MSM or with particulate solid MSM at its softening point, cooling the resultant mixture and, when the MSM was molten, forming the solidified melt into granules or a free flowing powder and thereafter, if desired, compressing the powder or granules into tablets.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polymer solutions in organic solvents are converted to granules of relatively uniform sizes and a narrow distribution range by passing the polymer solution through a jet nozzle to form a high velocity stream, injecting super heated steam into the high velocity stream to form a suspension of fine polymer particulates in a gas stream, passing the particulates into a heated agglomeration tube having a series of adjoining circular turns of at least 180.degree. wherein the particulates are substantially completely agglomerated into granules and the granules are recovered from the gas stream.

Abstract: Granules of the magnesium salts of percarboxylic acid carboxylates are obtained by spraying onto agitated feed particles of the salt a small amount of a dilute aqueous solution of a synthetic poly hydroxy-substituted compound, particularly polyvinylalcohol and drying the resultant agglomerate. It is especially suitable to carry out the granulation process in a warm air fluidized bed using feed particles of mainly below 200 microns producing eventually a low bulk density product mainly in the range 200-1000 microns.In a modification of the fluidized bed process, the agglomerating agent used can be a aqueous solution of carboxylated polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: An improved wet granulation process for preparing compressed tablets, particularly those containing a poorly compressible medicament, e.g., paracetamol and derivatives thereof, the improvement which comprises homogenizing part only of particulate solid material including active matter and tabletting aids with at least 90% by weight of a predetermined quantity of granulating fluid, so as to form a substantially homogenous slurry wherein the percentage of weight of solids, both dissolved and undissolved, in the slurry is at least about 25% w/w; and then moistening the remaining part of the particulate solid material in the manner of wet granulation but with the slurry resultant from above (and thereafter with the balance of the granulating fluid, if any) so as thus to form a desired substantially uniform, moist, coherent, non-pasty mass ready for granulation. Said mass is then granulated and dried, and the dried granules compressed and compacted into tablets.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of perlite ore fines for expansion. The ore fines are treated with an agglomerating agent which has a viscous liquid phase at a temperature above ambient temperature but below the critical dehydration temperature of the perlite ore fines. Suitable agglomerating agents mentioned are the boron acids, particularly orthoboric acid and metaboric acid. The perlite ore fines and agglomerating agent are mixed, preferably by dry mixing, and then heated to the temperature of the viscous liquid phase and held at that temperature for a short period while the liquid coats at least a portion of the perlite ore fines and effects agglomeration. Thereafter, the agglomerated perlite ore fines can be expanded in a conventional perlite ore expander. The resulting expanded materials have properties essentially identical to standard expanded perlite ore and are useful for such purposes as insulating fillers and light weight aggregates.

Abstract: An aluminosilicate ceramic product or article and a method of forming the article from as-mined ore. The product is useful as a proppant in gas and oil well fracturing. The ratio, on a calcined basis, of alumina to silica is between approximately 2.2 to 4.0. The amount of iron in the product is controlled as a function of the alumina to silica ratio so as to produce products having less than ten percent (10%) crush loss when subjected to a force of 10,000 psi.

Abstract: A mixture of low melting particles and high melting particles is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the low melting particles and below the melting point of the high melting particles thereby melting the low melting particles and forming a bond between the low melting particles and the high melting particles which bond is strengthened on cooling, the resulting agglomerate containing the low melting particles being separated from the unbonded high melting particles.

Abstract: Engine deposits are controlled by dispensing an additive to fuel. In one aspect, the additive comprises paraffins. In another aspect, a solid form additive for dispensing fuel additive to fuel in solid form is provided by employing a structural agent which is soluble and dispersible in fuel to contain and provide dimensional stability to the additive.

Abstract: Heat treatment of a material, e.g. a finely divided resin, wherein the material is introduced into a drum and agitated by rotating, spaced blades which whirl the material into a dispersion. The action of the blades heats the resin particles so that heat for the heat treatment is provided. The heat treatment can be, e.g. to cause small resin particles to coalesce with larger particles in the processing of polyethylene reactor flake, to improve flowability of the resin, or to admix resin and additive. To obtain increased capacity while the size of the apparatus is maintained within reasonable limits, two intersecting, generally cylindrical drums, each outfitted with an agitator, are used. Apparently the dispersions of the respective agitators slam into each other in the vicinity of the intersection causing additional heating.

Abstract: A method for granulating a cationic surfactant having good water dispersibility and good storage stability comprising the steps of:(i) mixing 100 parts by weight of a powdered di (long-chain alkyl) quaternary ammonium salt having an average particle diameter of 150 .mu.m or less with 10 to 30 parts by weight of finely divided silica having an average primary particle diameter of 0.1 .mu.m or less;(ii) adding 20 to 80 parts by weight of a self-adhesive substance to the resultant mixture in the step (i), followed by granulation; and(iii) adding 30 to 150 parts by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of finely divided zeolite having an average primary particle diameter of 0.1 to 10 .mu.m, finely divided calcium carbonate having an average primary particle diameter of 0.01 to 10 .mu.m, and a mixture thereof, followed by granulation.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a highly porous refractory material by feeding raw material in discrete particle form into the hot zone of a furnace chamber, the method including the initial step of making a slurry of the raw material and feeding the slurry into a spray drier to produce particles of refractory material with very little fines.

Abstract: A spouted bed granulation process in which the average particle size of the final product is controlled by employing, as seed particles fed to the granulator, a mixture of particles of at least two different average particle sizes and changing the mixing ratio of the respective particles.

Abstract: Coal particles are agglomerated in pulp water of coal particles by agitating the pulp water in the presence of a binder, which comprises conducting agglomeration in a plurality of zones, the zones being communicated one after another, and transferring the pulp water from one zone to another while agitating the pulp water in each zone and increasing a pulp concentration of the pulp water from one zone to another. Agitating power for the agglomeration is reduced with the successively increasing pulp concentration.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved method for producing a filler-loaded thermoplastic resin composite by mixing a thermoplastic resin with a filler, making it possible to be applied to molding machine such as extrusion and injection molding machines without the disadvantage of segregation between the resin and the filler otherwise inevitable leading to inferior uniformity of the shaped articles. The invention is characterized by the presence of a fibrillatable polytetrafluoroethylene during the mixing under mechanical shearing forces, wherein the thermoplastic resin is melted in one case and not melted in other case. The invention is also effective for shaping cellular foamed bodies of a filler-loaded thermoplastic resin with fine and uniform cellular structure.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of calcium acetate pellets suitable for surface deicing, which comprises slow addition of water to dried calcium acetate or to calcium acetate freshly prepared from reaction of hydrated or unslaked lime with concentrated acetic acid, in an agitated vessel designed to produce pellets. Pellets are dried to a critical residual water level to avoid their embrittlement. The relative amount of water used in the pelletizing process is highly critical, and depends upon the source of calcium acetate as well as the amount of magnesium ion in the pellet formulation.

Abstract: A system for treating oil-contaminated drill cuttings includes a grinder for increasing the surface area of the drill cuttings to enhance the absorption of free oil on the cuttings. A mixer enhances the absorption of free oil into the additional solid, oil-absorbent material exposed through the increased surface area of the ground cuttings. After mixing, the ground cuttings may be compacted into individual masses of sufficient density to sink in water. Fine materials are separated from said compacted masses prior to disposal in a marine environment.

Abstract: In a rotary drum spray grainer there are provided adjustable spraying nozzles in the spraying zone to achieve optimum spray pattern dispersion on the spray grained particles as the particles fall through the spraying zone.

Abstract: In a rotary drum spray grainer there is provided a deflector plate overlying the spraying nozzles in the spraying zone to provide a drying zone where spray grained particles fall in a substantially uninterrupted downward path through the drying gas.

Abstract: A layer of particles of carbon black is used as a filtration medium in the separation of carbon black from a gaseous stream containing carbon black.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the preparation of animal feed supplements containing various drugs or drug combinations, wherein uniformly potent particles of controlled particle size are obtained by the process, and the particles have been imparted a degree of hardness, sufficient to withstand shattering, abrasion or crumbling while in storage or being blended with feed, and thereby to minimize the retention of said drugs by the processing equipment. The invention also relates to a medicated animal feed supplement comprising a mixture of tetracycline antibiotics, sulfa drugs, penicillin antibiotics and whey solids.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing thin sections for the microscopic study of small fragments of rock, dust, microfossils or miscellaneous debris, agglomerated into pellets of special characteristics. The method according to the invention comprises the use of a plate of plastic material containing a series of cells which are filled with an agglomerate consisting of rock fragments surrounded with epoxy resin. Said plate is then heated in an oven to a temperature not exceeding 75.degree. C. for some hours in order to accelerate the hardening of the resin and to obtain said pellets.

Abstract: A process for producing high strength sintered bauxite spheres usable as fracture propping agents in oil or gas wells are produced by continuous spray-granulation of an aqueous binder-containing aluminous ore suspension to form granules which are subsequently sintered. Suitable starting materials include ores of high aluminum silicate content.

Abstract: A process for the continuous agglomeration of granular tetrafluoroethylene polymer powders which cannot be processed from the melt to give molding powders having a high bulk density, an improved powder flow and particle stability and a narrow particle size distribution is described. In this process, the powder to be agglomerated is first introduced uniformly into a pretreatment stage and is dispersed and pre-agglomerated in this stage in the liquid agglomeration medium, composed of water and an organic liquid capable of wetting polytetrafluoroethylene, is then agglomerated to the desired average particle diameter in an agglomeration stage and is finally treated further in an after-treatment stage in order to develop the final shape of the particles. Finally, the powder is separated from the liquid medium and is dried.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing essentially pure cellulose granules which comprises treating finely-divided particles of essentially pure cellulose in aqueous suspension with an agglutinating reagent which promotes agglutination of said particles, causing said particles to agglutinate, and mechanically separating the agglutinated cellulose particles from the suspension medium leaving a wet mass of agglutinates, washing said wet mass with water until said agglutinating reagent has been removed therefrom, leaving a second wet mass consisting essentially of agglutinated cellulose particles and water, and displacing the water with a solvent which is solvent for water but non-solvent for cellulose, and removing the water from said second wet mass by a non-evaporative procedure wherein coalescence of said agglutinated particles is prevented and said agglutinated particles dry into discrete granules of essentially pure cellulose.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing ammonium sulfate granules in which a starting solution of ammonium sulfate is spray dried, thereafter granulated by the addition of finely sprayed, highly concentrated water solution of ammonium sulfate.

Abstract: There are produced mixed granulates of carbon black-light filler using carbon black and an aqueous suspension of a light filler, e.g. precipitated in a pin containing screw granulator.

Abstract: Non-caking, granular detergent compositions suitable for use in automatic laundry machines or in automatic dishwashing machines are prepared from hydratable particulate detergent salts or such salts in admixture with other detergent ingredients such as non-hydratable detergent salts, surfactants, fillers, corrosion inhibitors, chlorine releasing agents, coloring agents and perfumes under conditions insuring substantially complete hydration of the hydratable detergent salts and agglomeration of the hydrated particulates in the composition into storage stable, dry, pourable agglomerates.

Abstract: Sintered, spherical composite pellets or particles comprising one or more clays as a major component and bauxite, alumina, or mixtures thereof, are described, along with the process for their manufacture. The pellets may have an alumina-silica (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2) ratio from about 9:1 to about 1:1 by weight. The use of such pellets in hydraulic fracturing of subterranean formations is also described.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an abrasion-resistant storable cogranulate consisting of particles with a size of about 0.2 to 2 mm and having an apparent density of 800 to 1100 g/liter, the cogranulate containing(a) about 14.3 to 79.9 weight % of pentasodium tripolyphosphate(b) about 10.9 to 79.9 weight % of an alkali metal silicate(c) about 0.1 to 7.7 weight % of an ammonium polyphosphate of the followiong general formula (I)H.sub.(n-m)+2 (NH.sub.4).sub.m P.sub.n O.sub.3m+1 (I)in which n stands for an integral average value of 10 to 1000, m stands for a whole number of at most n+2 and m/n stands for a value of about 1, and(d) about 0 to 99 weight % water bound to components (a) and (b), based on the possible maximum quantity of hydration water of the components (a) and (b).

Abstract: The granulation of molten material using a heat transfer process whereby solid particles are heated, dried, or cooled by a gas: Particles are repeatedly lifted and dropped as, for example, in flighted rotary drums. By forced recirculation, gas is passed through showering particles generally perpendicular to their plane of fall. Examples show gas forced to contact particles in this manner imparts an overall volumetric heat transfer coefficient to a rotary drum superior to that expected from classical literature or presently operating rotary drum heat exchangers. Disclosure teaches gas temperature adjustment between forced recirculations. Technique usage will reduce exchanger capital cost, increase energy efficiency, and reduce pollution problems. Also, prewetting of the particles in certain instances can be utilized to effect substantially increased pseudo volumetric heat transfer coefficients when cooling non-hygroscopic materials.

Abstract: A process for producing an open cell foam. The process comprises mixing a polyvinyl chloride composition, plasticizer, at least one stabilizer, and a foaming agent to form a blend; gelling the blend; forming the gelled blend into a sheet; and heating the sheet to decompose the foaming agent thereby forming the open cell foam. The sheet formed by the process. The process for forming an intermediate used in the process and the intermediate itself.

Abstract: Heat treatment of a material, e.g. a finely divided resin, wherein the material is introduced into a drum and agitated by rotating, spaced blades which whirl the material into a dispersion. The action of the blades heats the resin particles so that heat for the heat treatment is provided. The heat treatment can be, e.g. to cause small resin particles to coalesce with larger particles in the processing of polyethylene reactor flake, to improve flowability of the resin, or to admix resin and additive. To obtain increased capacity while the size of the apparatus is maintained within reasonable limits, two intersecting, generally cylindrical drums, each outfitted with an agitator, are used. Apparently the dispersions of the respective agitators slam into each other in the vicinity of the intersection causing additional heating.

Abstract: Iron-containing refractory balls, in a retorting process for oil shale, permit effective magnetic separation of the balls from the spent shale. These ceramic balls can be made by a process such as admixing powdered alumina and water to form an extrudable mixture, extruding to form cylinders, reshaping cylinders into balls, overcoating with iron particles, further overcoating with alumina, and firing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the production of coal pellets for the penetration of finely pulverized coal particles suitable for combustion in a coal burner, which comprises the steps of milling raw coal, preparing a coal particle mixture comprising coarser particles and finer particles of the milled raw coal, and adding a binder to the coal particle mixture to produce coal pellets having the coarser coal particles as nuclei and the finer coal particles attached around the nuclei; the coal pellets so-obtained may be pulverized to provide finely divided coal particles.

Abstract: Hydrothermally cured articles are formed by mixing a filler and a binder, moulding this mixture and coating said moulded articles with silica or calcium hydroxide particles. Hydrothermal curing may comprise a first step, wherein the steam pressure in the autoclave is increased, thereafter the steam pressure is decreased and subsequently the pressure is increased to a steam pressure being higher than in the first step.

Abstract: Agglomerates of water insoluble builder molecular sieve zeolites are made by tumbling or otherwise suitably mixing very finely divided ion exchanging zeolite powder and a water soluble binder, such as starch, preferably in the presence of a small amount of moisture sufficient to promote desirable agglomeration of the finely divided ion exchanging zeolite particles and the binder into essentially spherical particles, preferably in the 6 to 140 mesh range. The agglomerates are readily disintegrated when agitated in water and rapidly release the separated very finely divided insoluble builder particles to allow them to remove hardness ions from the water. The dispersible and disintegrable agglomerates are especially useful in heavy duty detergent compositions wherein the zeolite of the agglomerate provides all or a substantial proportion of the builder content.

Abstract: A composition suitable for manufacturing into wear-resistant and chemically-inert articles, the composition being a mixture of 74 to 84% polytetrafluoroethylene, 7-17% graphite fibers, and 4-14% fluorinated graphite.

Abstract: The processing for reconditioning of waste cement kiln dust to reuse the valuable metal salts thereof as a combination soil conditioner, liming agent and potassium-enriched fertilizing material, wherein water is admixed with the waste dust in a carbon dioxide-containing atmosphere to primarily reduce the alkalinity of the dust and to secondarily granulate the mixture.

Abstract: The described process relates to the production of carburizing agents by compacting carbon dusts with a binder, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, with addition of water and an auxiliary gelling agent. The auxiliary gelling agents used is glyoxal and/or bases of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or ammoniacal water. At from 0.5 to 2% by weight the requirement of binder is so small that no noticeable changes in the analytical values for the carbon dust used appear. The molded bodies produced from the compositions are dried at from 20.degree. to 180.degree. C. Calcination is not required.

Abstract: A method for agglomerating mineral fines for example iron ore fines, as described. The method comprises the steps of pelletizing a mixture comprising mineral fines and raw starch, treating the pellets so as substantially to gelatinize the starch and then drying the pellets or allowing them to dry. The process, which may be conducted without necessity to fire the pellets, yields adequate cold compressive strength at relatively low cost.