Abstract: Precision compacts are produced from powdered material in a mold having at least one top plug and at least one bottom plug between which plugs the powdered material is compressed. The course of the pressing force of at least one of the plugs is detected as a function of the path of its travel during compression, and compared with a predetermined path-dependent tolerance range of the pressing force. Upon exceeding such tolerance range, the final pressing position of the plug in question is changed in such a manner that the height of the compact in such final pressing position is reduced by an amount corresponding to the increased springing back of the compact upon its removal from the mold that results from the greater final pressing force.

Abstract: A method of making a tape suitable for impregnation into a porous metal matrix which generally includes the steps of mixing a liquid dispersion of PTFE with a coagulant to form a paste, placing the paste between a layer of supporting material and a layer of filter paper to form a sandwich, compressing the sandwich, transferring the sandwich to a gauze-like material so that the filter paper layer of the sandwich is adjacent the gauze-like material, applying a vacuum to the gauze-like material and adjacent filter paper layer to remove some excess liquid from the paste, and removing the layer of filter paper from the sandwich to leave a tape comprising PTFE and liquid and a layer of supporting material adjacent the tape. The method of the present invention may be used to apply, by impregnation, a PTFE based composition, which may include various fillers therein to a porous metal matrix or interlayer.

Abstract: A process for the production of polyethylene materials oriented at a high level is disclosed in which a selected ethylene polymer as produced is extruded or rolled at a temperature lower than its melting point and subsequently subjected to stretching. The polymer is from 5 to 50 dl/g at 135.degree. C. in decalin in intrinsic viscosity and smaller than 60 .ANG. in crystal size on a plane (110) in the diffraction pattern.

Abstract: A platen assembly is provided for manufacturing flat-topped wave-board. The assembly can be mechanically converted between a planar configuration and a wave-like configuration to form a board with a flat-topped and bottomed profile.

Abstract: Low density fibrous mats formed from fibres and thermosetting and thermoplastic binders, transformed by moulding at elevated temperatures are used for the production of mouldings. Such fibrous mats are produced in that a mixture of fibres and binders is spread out to form a fleece and the latter is compressed or compacted to a mat at high temperature. For the planned influencing of the characteristics of the moulding, while simultaneously reducing the binder requirement and the density, it is proposed that the fibrous mat or blanks thereof is passed through a pair of rollers with polished surfaces and by means of at least one roller binder is applied from the aqueous phase to the side of the fibrous mat facing the same under pressure action and that the fibrous mat is passed through the roller pair at a speed lower than the circumferential speed thereof and following onto the roller pair is passed through a drying zone.

Abstract: A process for producing a workpiece by compacting powder material, includes the steps of applying compression to the material along selected preferably orthogonal axes in compression steps, each compression step causing a volume reduction selected to produce the desired final compaction and orientation of material in the workpiece for that axis.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the manufacture of a rivet for a fixed spike or for a sleeve-mounted spike, respectively, by pressing in a mold. In the method of the invention, the cavity space in the mold (10,20), corresponding to the shape of the spike to be manufactured, is first filled to the desired extent with a first material (1) to form the body part of the spike. Thereupon a first punch (30), whose diameter is substantially smaller than the diameter of the cavity space in the mold, is fitted into the cavity space concentrically with the cavity space, and the annular space between said first punch (30) and the cavity space is filled with a second material (20) so as to form the wear-resistant surface layer for the spike. Next, the first punch (30) is removed, and the space remaining after said punch is filled with a third material. Ultimately the spike is pressed to the desired shape and density, whereinafter the spike is removed from the mold.

Abstract: A process for producing polyethylene materials in which ultrahigh molecular polyethylene is molded by compression, extrusion or rolling and stretching in a solid phase and at specified temperatures. The polymer is formed by a selected multi-stage polymerization with the use of a composite catalyst of specified compositions. Fibers or films are obtained with improved strength and modulus qualities.

Abstract: In the fabrication of wood material panels, processed wood particles are coated with a binder free of a hardener and then are spread in a fleece on a support surface. The fleece is then compacted and pressed to form the panel. Before the compacting step, microcapsules are introduced into the fleece. The microcapsules have enclosing walls that do not react with the binder and contain a hardener in the gaseous phase or in the binary phase with a gaseous carrier agent. When the fleece is compacted, the capsule walls are destroyed and the hardener is released into the fleece. The microcapsules containing the hardener are produced in a device located adjacent to the inlet end of the press so that there is only a short distance between the device and a mixing station where the microcapsules and the bonded processed wood particles are mixed. The mixing station is located just ahead of or at the spreading station where the mixed wood particles and microcapsules are formed into the fleece.

Abstract: A method for charging a press for making brakeshoes and the like utilizes an intermediate mold to carry the precompacted powder. The intermediate mold is positioned on the press mold and the powder engaged by the raised press ram and a lowered ejection ram so that the powder trapped between the rams is transferred to the press mold. The intermediate mold is then removed, a counterpressure plate is applied and the press operation ensues.

Abstract: A method of forming felts, the fibers of which are disposed in random directions, by depositing the fibers which are carried by a current of gas on a gas-permeable conveyor, the fibers, prior to being deposited, being coated with a binder composition. The felt constituted on the conveyor is subjected to at least one longitudinal compression, the intensity of which is regulated in such a way that no creases form on the surface. The felts obtained are highly resistant to compression, tearing and flexion.

Abstract: A resin-molding tablet for use in resin-molding semiconductor devices has a tablet body formed of powdered or particulate resin. The particles of the resin are compacted such as to form voids between adjacent particles. At least the outer peripheral region of the tablet is fused such that the resin particles are welded together to form a continuous layer of fine and impervious structure substantially free of open pores. The internal air trapped in the voids of the tablet is drawn and removed before the tablet is fused so that the tablet is substantially free of air. The tablet is produced by placing a particulate or powdered resin material in a vacuum vessel so as to allow the internal air in the resin material to be drawn outside, and then applying pressure and heat to the resin material so that at least the peripheral region of the mass of the particulate resin is fused to weld together.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing high modulus products. A polymer morphology or powdered metal is solid-state deformed under pressure through the rollers of an extrusion rolling die, at a temperature near but below its crystalline melting point, while controlling the extrusion rate and the rate of rotation of the rollers so that the rate of extrusion of the polymer or metal is substantially the same as the rate of rotation of the rolling die surface.

Abstract: A molded article of poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide), which shows a bending strength of higher than 13 kg/mm.sup.2, a density of 1.29 to 1.33 g/cm.sup.3 and a Rockwell hardness of not less than M 120 and has an excellent electric insulation and chemical resistance even at a high temperature and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: A method for the continuous production of chip board in which a mixture of cellulose chips and resin binder is compressed against a heated rotating drum by a steel band. A first pressure of 250-325 kilopond per centimeter (1 kp=1 kgf) is applied to the mixture at a first position on the heated drum. A second pressure of 400-475 kp/cm is applied at a second position to compress the mixture to the final thickness as the binder hardens and binds the chips.

Abstract: Type capable of being used for both printing and embossing consists of a heat-curable resin and is divided into three layers. The uppermost layer constituting a typeface portion employs a finely divided granular heat-curable resin and exhibits a high hardness and surface smoothness. The lowermost layer constituting an impact face portion employs a coarse granular heat-curable resin and exhibits low hardness and elasticity. An intermediate layer formed by mixing these two layers at the interface between them constitutes a joint portion exhibiting intermediate hardness.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for making self-supporting bodies from particulate materials. The apparatus includes a mold with opposed first and second walls defining a particulate chamber therebetween. The second wall is advanceable and retractable toward and away from the first wall. A plurality of chamber reducers may be removably mounted over each of the walls. Thick-walled members can be incrementally built up by pressing successive batches of particulate material at low and high pressures respectively. The chamber reducers can be successively removed between such batches, or can be used to vary the mold for making bodies of different sizes. A long body can be built up in increments, using a shorter mold, by forming a first increment, displacing the increment lengthwise in the mold, adding another batch of particulate material in overlapping relation to the first body increment, and then pressing such other batch to form a second increment bonded to the first.

Abstract: A process for providing batches of a mouldable, fibre-reinforced thermoplastic material matched to a moulding to be produced and accompanied by heating, whereby a free-flowing initial product of fibers and thermoplastic material-containing binders is heated as a strand and a matched batch is separated from the strand and supplied to batch further processing.

Abstract: A fusion bonded fiber product is made by compressing between heated dies a mat of moisture-containing fibers of the type that change irreversibly to an amorphous nonglossy state that permits fiber-to-fiber bonding at a characteristic critical temperature. The further compression of the partially compacted mat is stopped when the mat is a small multiple of the desired caliper for the bonded product for a period sufficient to vaporize the moisture content of the mat. During this pause, most of the vaporized moisture content of the mat is expelled as saturated steam through the mat surfaces while the temperature of the mat is still well below the critical temperature. Then, the compression of the mat is continued under continuous consolidation to the final density and caliper of the fusion bonded product while the mat is heated to a temperature above the critical temperature.

Abstract: A molded article is molded from a mixed material comprising from 50-94% by weight of sub-divided straw or bagasse, from 6-30% by weight of a synthetic resin or plastics material which binds the straw or bagasse together, and from 0-44% by weight of non-vegetable fillers, the mixed material having a specific gravity of at least 1.0. The invention extends to a method for making a molded article and to compression and molding apparatus for forming a molded article.

Abstract: A precompact of flowable brake-lining composition is formed in an intermediate die by pressing the material in a direction perpendicular to the generatrices of the curved surfaces between which the material is pressed, whereupon the intermediate die is swung onto the hot-pressing die and the precompact transferred between synchronously driven rams into the hot-pressing die. A horizontal ram effects the final hot pressing of the precompact, advantageously directly bonding the same to a brakeshoe.

Abstract: A process consisting in preparing a homogeneous system comprising particles of a first electrically conductive material arranged in substantially uniform manner inside a mass of a second liquid material which, when solidified, is both flexible and electrically insulating; and in solidifying the aforementioned mass of the aforementioned second liquid material, so as to form a matrix for supporting the aforementioned particles; throughout solidification of the aforementioned second material, a given pressure being applied on the system for the purpose of producing triaxial precompression of the aforementioned second material when solidified.

Abstract: Powder is filled in an axially elongate powder filling space defined in a flexible pressure tube, and the pressure-bearing surface of the flexible pressure tube is pressurized with a pressurizing fluid, from a wall portion of the pressure tube which corresponds to a localized region of the powder filling space progressively toward another wall portion of the pressure tube which corresponds to an end of the powder filling space, until the pressure-bearing surface of the pressure tube is pressurized in its entirety, thereby compacting the powder in the powder filling space. Therefore, air in the powder is progressively squeezed toward the end of the powder filling space where the air can be discharged. Thus, no air remains trapped in the powder, and a formed product is prevented from being damaged, which enables elongate products to be produced.

Abstract: A process for producing polyethylene materials is disclosed in which particulate polyethylene is drawn at lower temperatures than its melting point, the polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 5-50 dl/g at 135.degree. C. in decalin and resulting from the polymerization of ethylene at temperatures below the above melting point and with use of a selected catalyst. The polyethylene materials excel in mechanical strength and elastic modulus.

Abstract: In an apparatus for producing shaped bodies of non-swelling mixture, of fiber materials with a heat hardenable binding medium, the shaped body of a complex shape can be formed so that at its visible side seams are not formed during pressing, by means of an additional pressing of a pre-pressed mixture in a one piece cavity press member before it reaches its final shape.

Abstract: A method for making a porous structure including forming a plurality of particles into a desired shape, the particles being in a size range from about 40 to about 400 microns and including from about 5 to about 100 percent by weight of microporous particles of a synthetic thermoplastic polymeric material and from about 0 to about 95 percent by weight of nonporous synthetic thermoplastic polymeric material; and subjecting the particles to an effective pressure from about 200 to about 8000 pounds per square inch, while retaining the particles in the desired shape, for a sufficient length of time to produce an integral porous structure having substantial physical integrity.

Abstract: A method for forming a fiber web and fibrous web useful for compression molding stiff, board-like structural substrates for panels is formed of a thoroughly intermixed blend of wood fibers and synthetic plastic fibers with a dry, powdery, resinous molding material uniformly disbursed throughout the blend. The mass of intermixed fibers and resinous molding material is covered with a thin, randomly oriented, fibrous scrim material and the fibers are locked to each other and to the scrim mechanically by means of needling them together.

Abstract: A process for improving the swelling resistance of a titanium-modified austenitic stainless steel that involves a combination of rapid solidification and dynamic compaction techniques.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for relaxing lateral stresses at the end of shaping by compacting of a block constituted by an aggregate and a binder (such as a carbon-containing paste), to which is applied a main monoaxial stress in a rigid mold having a bottom and four side walls. According to the process, at the end of compacting and along the compacting axis, there is maintained a residual stress of between 50 and 2000 kilopascals, and preferably between 100 and 500 kilopascals. At least two of the side walls of the mold are then moved apart by a few millimeters, followed by the elimination of the main stress and the extraction of the molded block. The residual stress is maintained for a period of between 1 and 20 seconds following the moving apart of the walls.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing high modulus products. A polymer morphology or powdered metal is solid-state deformed under pressure through the rollers of an extrusion rolling die, at a temperature near but below its crystalline melting point, while controlling the extrusion rate and the rate of rotation of the rollers so that the rate of extrusion of the polymer or metal is substantially the same as the rate of rotation of the rolling die surface.

Abstract: In a method for producing shaped synthetic members, one begins with superficially plasticized synthetic granulated material in manner known per se. This is sintered to form a preform in a first operation in a preliminary chamber. The preform is then extruded by way of a narrow nozzle into a moulding cavity, the nozzle cross section being so narrow that on the way between the preliminary chamber and the moulding cavity, the individual granular particles must be deformed mechanically. The moulding cavity is then filled by one or more thin strands, which consist of solid, but mechanically deformed and superficially plasticized granulated particles.

Abstract: A method of making optical waveguides is disclosed in which, to fabricate a preform, glass forming pulverulent material is filled into a mold by means of one or more screw conveyors. The quantity of glass forming pulverulent material filled into the mold per unit of time is increased by passing a suitable gas through the apparatus. Thus, the quantity conveyed per unit of time can also be controlled by adjusting the gas pressure. By using a dry gas, the moisture content of the powder can be reduced.

Abstract: Shaped pieces of insulation having non-uniform thickness but substantially uniform density are formed by simultaneously compacting and consolidating at least first and second portions of a particulate insulation material in an independent manner so as to form a shaped piece of insulation in which the first and second portions have different thicknesses in the direction of compaction. The degree of compaction of the first portion is the same as the degree of compaction of the second portion so that the shaped piece of insulation has substantially uniform density.

Abstract: An object such as a fuse is enclosed within a homogeneous block of microporous thermal insulation material by a method which includes forming first and second blocks of insulation material having a relatively low density, arranging the object between co-operating faces of the blocks, and compacting the blocks around the object so as to cause the blocks to merge and to form a homogeneous block of microporous thermal insulation material having a relatively high density. The first and second blocks may be incorporated into first and second housings respectively, one of the housings being provided with a protruding tab and the other of the housings being provided with a corresponding slot.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing a dry-pressed molding from a particulate or granular molding material such as a ceramic molding composition in which the composition is initially drawn into a loading cavity by applying a vacuum thereto. The loading cavity is formed by a first mold half and a shooting head having a molding surface the shape of which determines the shape of a premolding which is formed upon entry of the composition into the loading cavity and sufficiently compressed to retain its shape after the shooting head has been removed to allow a second mold half to be positioned over the first mold half.

Abstract: A method of enclosing an object, such as an electronic component, within a homogeneous block of microporous thermal insulation material comprises charging a first predetermined amount of a loose microporous thermal insulation mixture into a die and compacting the insulation mixture into a block for supporting the object to be insulated. A recess may be formed in the compacted mixture for receiving the object. The object is then located on the compacted mixture and a second predetermined amount of loose microporous thermal insulation mixture is charged into the die. The loose insulation mixture is compacted against the block of already compacted insulation material which causes the two charges of insulation mixture to merge and to form a homogeneous block enclosing the object.

Abstract: A method of making a nonwoven fibrous web. A web of primary fibers having uniformly distributed throughout secondary fibers containing 3 to 7 percent polyethylene by weight of the final web is formed on a conveying means. The polyethylene of the secondary fibers has a melting point that is lower than the melting point of the primary fibers. The web is then heated to a temperature below the melting point of the primary fibers but above the melting point of the polyethylene of the secondary fibers thereby causing some of the polyethylene fibers to bond to each other or to the primary fibers. The web is then heated to a temperature above the melting point of the primary fibers to form primary fiber-to-primary fiber thermal bonds which provide substantially all of the useful strength of the web.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a magnesia-carbon brick comprising the steps of:a. preparing a mixture comprising:1. burned magnesite2. carbon3. binder solution comprising3.1 precondensed novolak resin3.2 solvent for the novolak resin4. a hardener for the resinb. pressing a brick from the said mixture.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of catalyst moldings a natural raw material containing Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 or another such catalyst component such as TiO.sub.2, NbO.sub.2, WO.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.5 or MoO.sub.3 is screened to a grain size equal to or less than approximately 0.25 mm. This screened base mixture is thoroughly blended, and then preferably a concentrated sulphuric acid is added. This mixture of material is then pressed into a molding in a hydraulic press with a pressure of approximately 500 bar to produce the molding.

Abstract: A method of forming a fibrous web useful for compression molding stiff, board-like structural substrates for panels by thoroughly intermixing a blend of wood fibers and synthetic plastic fibers with a dry, powdery, resinous molding material uniformly disbursed throughout the blend. The mass of intermixed fibers and resinous molding material is covered with a thin, randomly oriented, fibrous scrim material and the fibers are locked to each other and to the scrim mechanically by means of needling them together.

Abstract: A process for fabricating one-piece moldings from a dry ceramic mass, in particular crockery or china such as cups, pots, cans and the like having deep handles, grips, lugs or the like as well as a molding arrangement for carrying out this process. The molding arrangement includes a divided mold matrix and a divided punch which define between them a mold cavity into which a sprayed granular dry ceramic mass is fed. By the application of isostatic pressure via the punch the ceramic mass is molded. The molding is then removed by separating the halves of the punch and mold matrix and the molding is then subjected to a kilning step.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing three-dimensional structural members having one flat side from wood fibers utilizing flow deposition of the fibers onto a support. The support includes resilient deformable mold inserts. The mold inserts are formed of silicone rubber and may be blocks of the material, or may be a membrane which can be inflated to form the mold inserts. Pressing is done with a force normal to the support, and the mold inserts create response forces at varying directions to thus shape and hold the three-dimensional finished part. Heat drying also may be used.

Abstract: A method of making a resin-impregnated molded fiber reinforced article including use of a thermosetting resin having a specified low viscosity and fast curing time with a specified fiber content for producing an article with improved strength.

Abstract: A process for making a composite wood panel, fiberboard or the like comprises putting a mat to be pressed between the press platens of a press, compressing the mat with heated press platens in a first compression step without feeding in steam until a density of at least 50% of that of the product panel is reached, preferably 70 to 85%, in a second compression step feeding steam with a pressure of between 1 to 3 bar through both press platens and compressing further until from 10 to 40% of the compression occuring in the first compression step (this is taken as 100%) is attained, in a third compression step interrupting the steam feed, the density attained in the second step being maintained, and subsequently compressing with a pressure of steam which is greater than the steam pressure used in the second compression step.

Abstract: A platen assembly is provided having a working surface which can be mechanically converted between planar and corrugated configurations. A mat of wood wafers coated with thermosetting resin binder is deposited between upper and lower, spaced apart platen assemblies of this type. The platen assemblies, in the planar configuration, are then pressed together to a limited extent to pre-compress the mat to fix the wafers. Horizontal force is then applied to the platen assemblies to convert them to the corrugated configuration, with the pre-compressed mat retained therebetween. The mat is therefore forced to adopt a corrugated form. The platen assemblies are then further pressed together and heated, to cure the resin and produce a corrugated wafer board panel.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for forming a laid fibrous article includes a foraminous forming surface for depositing thereon of fibers under the influence of a pressure differential imposed on the surface, wherein the improvement comprises the provision of a concavely contoured portion of the forming surface to yield a non-stepwise gradation in basis weight of the laid fibrous article. The concavely contoured surface portion is bounded by walls defining angles of from about 45.degree. to 68.degree., whereby the laid fibrous article is readily removable from the forming surface, which may comprise the cylindrical surface of a rotating drum.

Abstract: For fabricating porous bodies from a glass starting material, particularly in connection with the fabrication of an optical waveguide preform, it is proposed to fill powdery glass starting material under a pre-compaction into a compression mold, and to compress it thereafter. When the porous body to be formed is to have a varying composition in the radial direction, as is necessary with a view to step index optical fibers or optical waveguides having a graded index of the refractive-index profile, then differently composed powdery glass starting materials are filled one at a time, in adjacent coaxial areas, into the compression mold. This is effected with respect to each of the individual areas with the aid of a screw conveyor under a continuous, adjustable pressure and at an adjustable conveying speed.

Abstract: The ceramic article, after molding and while in a porous condition, is surface hardened not by being placed in a kiln and exposed to high temperatures, but is operatively arranged to have a combustible gas-air mixture pumped under appropriate pressure through the porosity of its molded shape. The exiting gas-air mixture is, according to the present invention, ignited, and this causes the exterior surface of the molded shape to incandesce, with the result that the external surface hardens without causing internal stresses within the article, and also avoids causing differential thermal expansion between the exterior surface and the fiber substance of the article adjacent thereto.

Abstract: The compression molding of sections (15), bars, molded articles, or similar, consisting of vegetable particles mixed with binding media was uneconomical, because the relatively short molding time was overlapped by the disproportionate curing time. In order to considerably improve upon this deficiency, the inventor proposes to feed the molded section (15), or similar, along its longitudinal axis into a curing unit, while the sections (15) between the molding jaws (3 through 6) should remain in clamped position. The molding jaws (3 through 6), together with the cured section (15), are then returned through the press and the section is ejected after the unlocking of the molding jaws (3 through 6). Within the framework of the cyclic work, the individual operating processes can be adjusted to one another.

Abstract: A particleboard press for converting a thick mat into a thin panel has a frame, an upper beam and a lower beam carried on the frame and vertically confronting each another, respective upper and lower platens carried on the beams and vertically confronting each other, and respective upper and lower belts having stretches engaged under and over the upper and lower platens, respectively. The belts are synchronously driven so as to advance a mat in a transport direction through the press between the platens. One of the beams is vertically displaceable on the frame relative to the other beam and its platen has relative to the direction a downstream calibration portion and an upstream compression portion at least limitedly vertically displaceable relative to the one beam and the downstream calibration portion.