Abstract: The irrigation hose comprises two tubes disposed one within the other, at least one of the tubes being grooved. The ungrooved tube forms with the groove or grooves of the other tube continuous secondary ducts over the entire length of the hose. Inlet ports and outlet ports delimit in the secondary ducts sections of a predetermined length, each yielding a flow capable of continuously drip-irrigating a plant in the area to be irrigated. The outlet ports and the inlet ports are distributed along spiral lines if the secondary ducts are straight and along straight lines constituting generatrices of the hose if the secondary ducts run along spirals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cutting mechanism and its method of operation in "cutting side-lock" portions from "green state" roofing tiles. The tiles are manufactured in a conventional concrete roofing tile making plant in which mortar fed to a hopper extruder (18) of conventional design is formed as a continuous ribbon (26) on a series of pallets (P) conveyed beneath the hopper extruder (18). The ribbon (26) is thereafter cut by a knife (3) into discrete tiles (T) on said pallets (P) with a "side-lock" portion of each tile being blanked out by extension portions (32) (34) of the knife (30). The blanked out portions are thereafter removed from the remainder of the tiles by a blade 90 of removal means 14 such that no damage is caused to the tiles (T) and little or not detritus remains on the tile or the conveyors of the tile making plant.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing multilayer panels. In the method for producing multilayer panels from extrudable plastic, two plastic strips are fed from extruders to a roll-arrangement and are joined together, with an inclusion of material therebetween. The purpose of the invention is to produce predeterminable patterns and structures upon introducing the material. In order to achieve this result, the material in the form of threads, is introduced individually and independently of each other into a gap in an arrangement of rolls, and the threads are aligned, by means of guide-means, in relation to each other and to the gap.

Abstract: A method of preparing carbon filaments which comprises exposing a suitable thermostable substrate which is covered with reduced monocrystalline metal particles with a diameter of at least 5 nanometers to a carbon containing gas mixture at temperatures of about 250.degree. up to about 700.degree. C. to 800.degree. C., for a period of time sufficient to form filaments of the desired length, and thereafter removing the substrate and/or the metal particles. The filaments are characterized by a crystalline graphitic structure and a morphology defined by a fishbone-like arrangement of the graphite layers along the axis of the filaments. A high carbide content is a prerequisite for the nucleation of the filamentous carbon with a fishbone like structure.

Abstract: A method of making apertured films including the step of perforating films of thermoplastic materials with embossing rolls engraved with patterns which form small slits or incipient slits in the sheet. The patterns are such that the design on the roll includes lands, or raised areas, which cross lands of the opposing roll at an acute angle. The perforated or partially perforated film formed may then be further processed by orientation, uniaxial or biaxial, simultaneous or sequential; by heat treatment; or both to modify the porosity, hole size, or other properties as desired.

Abstract: A process for producing an information carrier containing recorded audio and/or video information wherein a web of a thermoplastic material is extruded onto the patterned surface of a metal master and pressure is applied to force said thermoplastic material into contact with the metal master. The thermpolastic material is cooled to a temperature below its softening point to form an imaged thermpolastic web which is separated from the metal master. Then a thin film of metal particles is deposited on the imaged surface of the thermoplastic web and said metallized thermpolastic web is laminated with a substrate carrying an uncured coating of a radiation curable resin. The resin is cured and individual information carriers are separated from the web of information carrying laminate. A center hole is placed in the separated individual information carriers, when appropriate.

Abstract: A method for fibrillating carbonaceous fibers, which comprises contacting a tow of carbonaceous fibers to rotating surfaces of rollers for fibrillation, wherein at least two rollers are disposed so that the center axes of the rollers intersect the direction of advance of the tow of carbonaceous fibers and the rotating surfaces of the rollers are substantially alternately inclined in opposite directions, thereby to exert a shearing force to the tow in a direction transverse to the direction of advance of the tow.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming frogs in the sides of a slipformed concrete element, especially a hollow-core slab is disclosed. In accordance with the invention, the frogs are formed in the sides of the element by removing cast material from the sides by a reciprocative scraping action. The reciprocative movement parallel to the side of the element is effected with a drive motor and a lever assembly. By the method, it is possible to obtain a desired frog shape and depth without damaging the side surfaces.

Abstract: A method of making a filamentary structure comprising a spiral thermoplastic core filament disposed within a thermoplastic sheath component is provided. The method involves extruding together from an extrusion die filaments forming the core filament and the sheath component, with the core filament being extruded at a faster rate than the sheath component which causes the core filament to spiral, and cooling the extrudates to form a unitary structure. A plurality of the filamentary structures may be extruded side-by-side so that their sheath components are joined together to form a fabric structure.

Abstract: A method of making a soap comprising the steps of passing the soap through an orifice plate to form an extrudate while passing the extrudate in a first portion generally parallel to the extrudate and permitting expansion in a second outwardly tapered portion, and trimming an outer portion of the extrudate to form a well compacted residue and desired surface characteristics of the soap.

Abstract: A U-shaped raceway having bottom and side walls formed as substantially rigid plastic panels, and flexible plastic hinges integrally joined between the lower edges of the side walls and the adjacent edges of the bottom wall. The plastic hinges are soft and flexible, and of substantially less hardness than the walls. The plastic hinges extend across the thickness of the walls. The raceway is formed as a dual extrusion so that the hinges are integrally joined to the rigid walls. During the extruding step, a rigid bridge structure is also extruded so as to span transversely across the hinge outwardly from one of the surfaces of the panels to maintain dimensional stability across the hinge. The bridge structure is severed from the panels following the extrusion operation.

Abstract: The method enables the manufacture of a weather strip including a profiled section with a cross-section in the form of a web terminating in a head, the extent of the web being variable between a minimum value and a maximum value. For this purpose, an extrusion is formed which includes a tab part having a transverse extent greater than the maximum value: immediately the tab has been extruded, it is divided into first and second flows of extruded material; the section of the first of these flows has an area at least equal to the area of the section of the profiled section of the weather strip to be manufactured. The proportions into which the tab is divided in the two flows are altered in dependence on the advance of the extrusion, in correspondence with the variations in the transverse extent of the web of the profiled section it is desired to produce.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a biaxially stretch-oriented film having at least one opaque layer is described. The opaque layer is composed essentially of propylene polymer and fillers in a quantity of about 10 to 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of propylene polymer and fillers. In production, the granules are melted in a screw extruder, are forced through a die and are formed by cooling to give a preformed film. The preformed film is then stretch-oriented both along the machine direction and transversely perpendicular to the machine direction and is then heat-set. The fillers are added in the form of a masterbatch to the granules of unfilled polymers. The masterbatch should have a filler content of more than about 30% by weight.

Abstract: An assembly line method of construction is applied to the making of the thin fiber reinforced shell that forms the external surface of the Fibrestone wall. An elongated endless movable belt has the desired recurring pattern to be applied as the external surface of the fiber reinforced shell. Spray guns movable transversely of the elongated belt are provided to spray concrete and chopped up reinforcing fibers on the belt to form a continuous Fibrestone panel strip as the belt moves past the spray guns. A plurality of elongated flex-ties mounted on suitable supports and each having one of their ends adapted to be secured to the upper surface of the fiber reinforced shell are dropped onto the spray formed shell while it is in the plastic or uncured state. To insure that the flex-ties are securely bonded additional concrete and chopped up fibers are sprayed on the flex-tie supports, and the area between the rows of flex-ties are rolled to provide a relatively smooth surface between the rows of flex-ties.

Abstract: A flexible cable assembly for actuation of an automobile speedometer or the like, comprising an inner core member and a tubular casing that includes an outer housing and a spiral-cut tubular liner with multiple internal ribs. The liner is constructed by extruding a cylindrial tube with at least one internal longitudinally extending rib. The tube is then cut helically so as to offset circumferentially the rib segments on adjacent turns of the strip, providing multiple internal supports for the core member.

Abstract: A method of supplying a thermoplastic material to a molding machine for molding the same into a desired formation on slide fastener tapes is disclosed, whereby a composite plastic material, consisting in such a predetermined ratio of a fresh supply of material and removed runners and sprues, is fed so as to enable homogeneous color distribution of the resulting element chain on the fastener.

Abstract: A scarfing method and apparatus are disclosed for making a longitudinally and transversely contoured batt on a moving fibrous web. The apparatus comprises a scarfing roll disposed on one side of a foraminous belt and a contouring roll, having a nonuniform surface, disposed on the opposite side of the belt. As the contouring roll is rotated, it raises the belt and the fibrous web towards the scarfing roll, according to the shape of the nonuniform surface. Hence, a contour is provided in the direction of movement of the web. The transverse contour can be provided by the shape of the scarfing roll itself.

Abstract: A roof tile (9) having contoured interlocking regions (20) along its side edges is provided with a plurality of relatively shallow closely spaced, longitudinally extending grooves on its upper surface (19) and optionally upwardly extending grooves on its lower end face (21). An improved appearance on a roof is obtained, and through the provision of dark brown streaks on a light brown base a roof tile may be given a wooden appearance. In a process and apparatus for the manufacture of such tiles, a slipper compressing tile forming material is provided with closely spaced ridges which form the grooves on the tiles.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of a microporous polyethylene film by cold stretching and hot stretching a non-porous crystalline, elastic polyethylene film, whereby the permeability of the resultant film is improved by controlling both the stretching rates during cold and hot stretching and the sum of the changes in length during each stretching step.

Abstract: A square filler for water treatment and an apparatus for the manufacture thereof are disclosed. The square filler is used as a contact medium for aerobic or anaerobic treatment of sewage.The square filler is made of synthetic resin net sheet or net tube of which a plurality of net layers are formed, and melt-bonding is applied to at least one spot on each layer for fixing all layers together.An apparatus for manufacturing square fillers flattens the net sheet or net tube for forming net layers with the application of pressure, intermittently feeds the flattened net sheet or net tube in the longitudinal axial direction thereof, and heats the net sheet or net tube for softening during transfer thereof.The heated net sheet or net tube is locally pressed with projections for melt-bonding so that net layers are locally melt-bonded to each other, thereby square fillers having net layers fixed by solidification thereof are obtained.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fistula consisting of a needle mounted on a plastic handle or wing. The plastic wings are formed by continuously extruding a plastic strip having the wing cross section. The outer end of the extruded plastic is blanked to partially shape and outline an individual wing. Thereafter, a needle is inserted into a hollow core on the endmost partially blanked wing and a needle guard is positioned over the needle. Finally, the completed fistula is removed from the end of the extruded strip by a final cut or punching for producing a finished fistula.

Abstract: A process for producing a clutch facing which comprises the steps of: impregnating inorganic fibers with a thermosetting resin; causing rubber composition sheets to adhere to the resin-impregnated inorganic fibers, said sheets having been obtained by causing organic fibers to add to a rubber composition as a processing aid and forming the resulting material into sheets; forming a preform therefrom; and molding the preform under heat and pressure.

Abstract: A liquid mixture containing a heat-expandable resin and a catalyst is cast onto a lower facing, which is heated from below to cause expansion of the mixture and hardening of its lower part. The upper surface of the expanding mixture is covered with an upper facing applied while that portion is still soft, and the composite formed thereby is introduced to a heated enclosure while the upper part remains soft. The thickness of the formed composite, and panels derived thereof, is calibrated or limited by opposed conveyors within said thermal enclosure, which limits the maximum expansion to a value less than the theoretical potential expansion of the foam, allowing hardening to be completed, and subsequent cutting of the composite into panels.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing synthetic resin pen nibs is disclosed, which pen nibs may suitably be employed in writing instruments for fine lettering or drawing fine lines. The pen nibs are formed of thermoplastic crystalline synthetic resin, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate resin, which is extruded from a molding die and subjected to rapid cooling to form a continuous rod in amorphous state. The rod is axially stretched under predetermined temperature condition to achieve oriented crystallization of the resin molecules, and is further heat-treated such that non-oriented fine crystals are dispersed and grown between oriented crystals and remaining amorphous regions. Pen nib thus obtained has highly improved physical and chemical properties.

Abstract: A thin polyolefine based film, having a thickness of from about 15 to about 200 microns, which is perfectly non-transparent in spite of its low thickness. The film is composed of polyolefine as a homopolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and a pigment filler such as titanium dioxide as rutile, and aluminium powder. Color pigments and dispersing agents may also be present. The film is made by extrusion. It is used for table-clothes, book covers, protective sheets, wallpaper decoration, and, in pleated state, for flowerpot covers.

Abstract: A process is provided for continuously manufacturing plates containing an open net fibrillated polymeric film reinforcement. A net having a plurality of fibrillated polymeric film layers is unwound from a continuous reel, and the net is cut into pieces having a length approximately equal to a circumference of a forming roll for forming a plate to be manufactured. The net pieces are impregnated with a cement mix and then deposited onto a conveyor belt on which a cement mix layer has been previously deposited. After contacting the net with the cement layer, the net is subjected to vibration. A vacuum is applied to the net contacting the cement layer to remove excess water and to increase the compactness between the net and the cement layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making building panels includes means for positioning upper and lower rigid sheets of material, such as paper pulp, in spaced relation so that foamable material disposed between the sheets can move into gripping engagement with both sheets as it expands and solidifies.

Abstract: A floor tile product is manufactured with a random or non-directional tile pattern. This is accomplished by adding a hard material such as ground marble to the tile base mix. This hard material will not elongate under the pressure of the calender roll to provide a directional effect. The hard material appears in the surface of the finished tile as a dot pattern which has no smeared or directional, elongated shape.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the formation of olefin-vinyl alcohol copolymer pellets which comprises mixing particles of the copolymer with water to obtain a wet cake containing about 20-70% solids by weight to thereby obtain a plasticized mass of the copolymer, thereafter extruding the copolymer at a temperature of about 5.degree.-7.degree. C. below the melting point of the mass through a nozzle to form a rod, and dividing the rod into individual pellets.

Abstract: A sealing profiled strand of elastomeric materials provided with sealing lips along portions of the strand. The strands emerge from the nozzle or orifice of the extruder, at which point they still have a complete cross section. While still in the plastic state, the strands are cut by a transversely movable cutting knife which is curved in conformity to the outer contour of the strand. The strand is cut pursuant to a prescribed pattern in such a way as to remove portions of the sealing lip.

Abstract: A conductive synthetic resin composition, which is suited for manufacturing a molded product having an excellent electromagnetic shielding effect, and comprises master pellets consisting of a cylindrical synthetic resin layer and a bundle of a number of strands of fibrous conductive filler filled inside said synthetic resin layer in a longitudinal direction thereof, the master pellets being cut in the form of pellets; and natural pellets consisting of a synthetic resin.

Abstract: Cushioned automotive strap handles with spring steel base strips, cushions, and wrapped and sealed covers are made by injection molding resin cladding directly onto steel base strips before assembly with the cushion and cover. The base strips 10 are cut to length with formed end regions 11 which are mounted on a mold part 15 so that a midregion of base strip 10 spans an injection mold cavity 18. Pins 21 within mold cavity 18 locate base strip 10 in a plane spaced from the cavity walls so that the cavity surrounds the midregion of the base strip. The injection molded resin cladding 25 also surrounds the midregion of base strip 10 and provides raised resin shoulders 20 extending along longitudinal side edges of the base strip. The surrounding engagement of cladding 25 secures resin shoulders 20 against transverse movement relative to the base strip.

Abstract: A method of continuous upwards production of foamed material by feeding foam forming materials from below and taking foamed material away from above, wherein foaming takes place in diverging expansion enclosure (1) the walls (13, 14) of which are provided with surfaces (15, 17) travelling with the foaming material, which enclosure (1) is defined above by foam already expanded, at the sides by said walls (13, 14) and below by a feed zone for the foam forming materials, and leads into an upwardly directed take off path for the foam.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing tag pin assemblies in which individual tag pins each comprising a head and a crossbar integrally connected by a filament are integrally but severably connected in the thickness direction, which method comprises the steps of continuously molding block tag-pin blanks of a sectional configuration corresponding to the individual tag pins, and of cutting the block tag-pin blank into slices having the prescribed thickness and altogether connected with an uncut portion respectively thereof. Apparatus for practising the method is also disclosed, which comprises an extruder provided with a die for continuously extruding block tag-pin blanks, and a cutter device for cutting the block tag-pin blank into slices having the prescribed thickness and altogether connected with an uncut portion respectively thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing thermoplastic piping for recovery of the thermoplastic in which the piping is cut into a continuous spiral ribbon with straightening of this ribbon to be without substantial curvature and cutting of the straightened ribbon into pieces. Preferably, the process produces pieces of thermoplastic of sufficiently small size to be suitable for feeding to an extruder. An apparatus for preparing thermoplastic piping for recovery of the thermoplastic which combines means for cutting the thermoplastic piping into a continuous spiral ribbon with means for straightening the spiral ribbon so that it is without substantial curvature and means for cutting the straightened ribbon into pieces.

Abstract: Gypsum board is formed into a continuous sheet by depositing an aqueous slurry of calcium sulfate hemihydrate, including conventional additives, between two paper cover sheets on a moving conveyor. After the slurry has reached the initial stiffening degree of set and before the slurry has reached a final or temperature rise set, and in the preferred form before it has reached a Vicat set, the moving sheet is transversely cut into individual boards by means of a high pressure and velocity fluid cutting jet. Since the cutting may be carried out before the Vicat set is reached, the board line may be operated at an increased velocity, thereby enabling a particular board line materially to increase its production within a given period of time and to use conveying equipment which is shorter in length.

Abstract: A process for the elimination of wet surface cracking in dual extruded soaps including the steps of extruding two streams of plodded soap from a single cone dual extrusion nozzle, cutting the two streams of plodded soap at right angles to the extrusion axis to form plodder soap blanks or billets of a predetermined size, rotating the plodder soap blanks or billets 90.degree. on the extrusion axis, introducing the rotated plodder soap blanks or billets into a soap press having movable die elements so that the transverse faces of the plodder soap blanks or billets are in registry with the movable die elements, pressing the rotated plodder soap blanks or billets on their transverse faces to form pressed soap bars, and removing pressed soap bars. The process provides soap bars having an essentially laminar or parallel stress pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an equipment to obtain a plate provided with holes directly by extruding plastic materials. The process consists in submitting the material coming out of an extruder head to expansion stresses according to more than one direction and in executing a plurality of perforations in said material submitted to expansion by means of perforating means; the equipment consists of a plurality of perforating devices provided with a reciprocating motion so that they can reach an interference position with respect to the material coming out of the extruder head and of means which, acting at the same time as the perforating devices, are suitable to produce an expansion of the extruded material.

Abstract: Continuous molding of objects using a rotatable molding wheel with peripheral orifices in accordance with the objects to be molded. Plastic is extruded upon the periphery of the wheel and a knife in substantially eliptical contact is used to skive film from the objects being molded. Following molding, selected portions of the objects can be selectively distended. Suitable distention can be achieved using diverging sprocket wheels. When the continuously molded objects are fasteners with filament-like portions, the diverging sprocket wheels can be used to stretch the filamentary portions and reorient their molecules.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a unique die (11, 111) that can be employed in apparatus (10) for shaping a workpiece (14, 114) according to the method of driving the workpiece at relatively high speeds through the die (11, 111) which remains fixed. The die has a throat (40, 140) which extends longitudinally through a body portion (35, 135) and opens through a crenelated mouth (45, 145). The mouth is provided with opposed noses (46, 48, 146, 147 and 148) which delineate the distal extent of the mouth with respect to the body portion of the die. Cutting edges (50, 51, 54, 55, 150, 151, 154, 155, 173 and 174) extend rearwardly from the noses, with each pair of adjacent cutting edges joining to define a crotch (59, 60, 159, 178 and 179). The resulting plurality of crotches delineate the longitudinally proximal extent of the mouth with respect to the body portion of the die. Each cutting edges is disposed so that the entering angle .theta. falls within the range of from 25.degree. to 50.degree..

Abstract: The invention relates to an earplug, produced with the use of a polysiloxane which is made foamable and cross-linkable by the use of expanding and cross-linking agents. The method for producing such an earplug comprises preshaping the polysiloxane together with the additives, then finally shaping the earplug in the foaming process and then tempering the finally shaped product.

Abstract: A long synchronous belt made primarily of elastomeric material is provided which comprises a plurality of narrow, toothed strips joined in side-by-side fashion, each strip having at least one longitudinally-extending reinforcement located therein. Also provided is a method for making such a belt which comprises the steps of providing a first belt sleeve having the desired tooth configuration, cutting the first sleeve into a continuous strip, winding the strip to form a second sleeve of desired circumferential length, joining the adjacent strips of the second sleeve in side-by-side fashion, and cutting at least one belt of desired width from the second sleeve.

Abstract: An integrated reticulate structure comprising interconnected criss-crossing arrays of continuous or discontinuous filaments. The arrays are located in different layers and are mutually connected by flexible, generally strip-shaped links. Each link is integral with a filament in one array and with a filament in another array.A method of manufacturing an integrated reticulate structure commencing by extruding sheet in form of an adhesively connected assembly of one or more films and one or more arrays of ribs extending from at least one surface of each such film. To enable a formation of thin ribs and of a close spacing of the ribs there is preferably further coextruded a separating component between the ribs.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing fabric-reinforced, thin concrete panels suitable as a backer board for construction materials such as ceramic tile, slate or thin brick. A process is described whereby the components of the panel are deposited on a web of release-agent-treated, water-absorbent paper while moving on a conveyor belt to form a continuous strip, the strip is cut into panels and the wet, uncured panels are stacked by means of an air-float stacking unit, then subsequently cured with the paper web between adjacent panels.

Abstract: An integrally extruded all plastic "pile" weatherstrip comprises an elongated longitudinal substrate from which vertically project a plurality of integral, spaced parallel, thin, flexible, deformable, wavy S-configured fin members. The exposed upper ends of all or any desired lesser number of the fin elements may be partially slit to from 20% to 100% of the fin height to control the amount of air and water moisture infiltration through the weatherstrip. The fin element ends are slit at a desired bias angle with respect to a horizontal line lying within a horizontal plane surface in which the fin ends are located. The extrudable plastic is preferably high density polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride and may optionally contain an ultra-violet absorbent composition and a partially compatible lubricant.

Abstract: A method of manufacture in which the formation of unsightly stress cracks in sandwich-like panels of prestressed concrete are prevented by the formation of a "contraction joint" at selected locations in the panel's outer layer of concrete during its manufacture.

Abstract: A process for the production of patterned tiles from thermoplastic synthetic resins includes the steps of forming a length of crude sheet stock by compressing unicolored and/or differently colored or multicolored particulate material of thermoplastic synthetic resin; cutting off crude sheets from the sheet stock; punching segments out of the crude sheets; combining the segments from at least two crude sheets of differing colors into a panel so that the segments complement one another, and thereafter press-molding the segments to form an intarsia tile with the use of pressure and heat so that the segments are welded together along joints formed therebetween.

Abstract: Coextruding an inexpensive multilayered plastic sheet with outer layers of scrap material and a central layer of unqualified scrap having sufficient polyolefin content to provide a moisture barrier.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making toothed belts and toothed belt made using such method and apparatus are provided wherein the belt is made primarily of polymeric material and is comprised of at least parts of a plurality of successive turns of a single helically wound toothed strip wherein the turns are bonded together in adjoining side-by-side relation and the toothed belt has improved teeth comprised of teeth initially provided in the single toothed strip by compressed, displaced, and reshaped portions of hot strip means of substantially self-supporting quadrilateral cross-sectional configuration employed to define such single strip.

Abstract: A depositing apparatus for the manufacture of shaped food product includes a hopper having an open top for receiving a prepared mix. Feed rollers positioned within the lower end of the hopper force mix through an extrusion die assembly. The die assembly includes an elongated plate defining a plurality of apertures and supporting a plurality of dies in coaxial relationship with the apertures. A variable restrictor is supported at each of the apertures for varying the effective open area or flow area of the apertures. The flow area may be varied to compensate for variations in weight, consistency or volume of the mix so that relatively uniform weight shapes are deposited onto a conveyor passing underneath the feed hopper. The variable restrictor includes a pair of opposed plates having edges configured in a complementary fashion to the cross-sectional shape of the die. A drive is operably connected to each of the plates so that they may be moved towards and away from each other into the aperture.